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Analysis of methods for reducing the number of false alarms in video-based fire detection systems
No full textThe article focuses on a review and analysis of methods for reducing false alarms in video-based fire detection systems (VBFDS). The author of the article has designed a neural network and video-based flame detection algorithm to evaluate the effectiveness of methods found in the literature and other sources. The video-based flame detection algorithm was designed using a CIFAR-10-NET convolutional neural network. The D-Fire database, which contains 50000 fire images, was used to learn and test the algorithm. An error matrix was used to determine the effectiveness of the algorithm and methods to reduce the number of false alarms in video-based fire detection systems to determine parameters such as sensitivity (True Positive Rate, TPR), precision (Positive Predictive Value, PPV) and accuracy (ACC)
Teoretyczne koncepcje kształtowania międzynarodowej konkurencyjności gospodarki narodowej
No full textW artykule omówiono teoretyczne podejście do kształtowania koncepcji międzynarodowej konkurencyjności gospodarki narodowej. Wśród analizowanych koncepcji znalazła się koncepcja zlokalizowanego konkurowania i konkurencyjności międzynarodowej, a także koncepcja strategicznej polityki handlowej. W tekście wskazano, że obecnie obie strategie są realizowane na świecie z. Nie można jednak jednoznacznie stwierdzić, która jest skuteczniejsza. Za najlepsze rozwiązanie dla poszczególnych gospodarek można przyjąć połączenie elementów obu podejść
Overview of new product development strategies and models
No full textMotivation: The motivation for the overview presented in this article is to provide a starting point for considering whether existing new product development methodology and its level of detail allows product teams to develop high-quality and business-effective product concepts.
Aim: The aim of this article is recognise the current state of research into new product development methodology and to present the strategies and models for New Product Development (NPD).
Materials and methods: The systematic review of the literature was applied in the article.
Results: The first section outlines the main strategies for new product development and how they are divided by methodological stance, degree of planning, search pattern, focus and response. The second part discusses the known models of new product development including: the craft model and the 5 generations based on the innovation models described by Rothwell and the stages of the manufacturing process defined in the literature. Part four looks at new trends in new product development, including: Open Innovation, Rapid Product Development (RPD), Agile New Product Development (ANPD), Sustainable New Product development (SNPD), the Design Thinking method and the new technologies of Industry 4.0
Development of new payment services and the role of the fintech sector during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textPurpose: The purpose of the article is to present both theoretical and practical basis for development of payment services in Poland and in the whole world during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over this time there was a sharp rise in e-commerce along with a fast growth of the number of consumers making online payments. This resulted in changes in adoption of new technologies and payment services. Apart from those which were the consequence of quickening the pace of change in the consumers’ behavior, a crucial role, especially in developing countries, was played by local regulators, who somehow forced financial institutions to create new solutions, which fintech readily made good use of. In numerous countries it fostered radical and groundbreaking quickening of the pace of shifting to electronic payments and creating a new sort of payment services, adjusted to the needs and expectations of younger consumers. Methodology: The paper uses the method of an economic analysis and literature review - mostly electronic sources, descriptive and comparative analyses. Findings: From customers’ perspective, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on development of new payment services should be acknowledged as positive, or even groundbreaking in some developing countries. Over the years 2020-2021 the number of customers making on-line payments, especially mobile payments, grew rapidly. This was the result of a fast, forced by pandemic, growth in sales in e-commerce. Consequently, it enabled to introduce and widely promote new financial services - based on open banking, and promoting solutions targeted at young consumers, e.g. deferred payments. Even though the pandemic is over, the interest rate rise and the consequences of the war in Ukraine are bound to bring further, dynamic development of such payment services, as well as their popularization on more and more new markets all over the world. Practical implications: The analysis of relations between theoretical and practical bases of widespread adoption of new solutions concerning on-line payments in the world during the COVID-19 pandemic is an important factor in the development of e-commerce market and financial services. The fact that digital forms of payments have become very common brought about the network effect, a situation when the value for the customer depends on the number of users of a particular solution. Due to that, poorer, developing countries could, making use of the solutions based on open banking and the technology provided by fintech, quickly popularize cashless, and electronic payments. Only a few years ago it was estimated that in the countries lacking the standard payment infrastructure it would take decades to reach this level. Also, in developed countries the pandemic contributed to popularization among young consumers of solutions adapted to their preferences, being an alternative to traditional credit cards. Deferred payments are a solution which is commonly used in e-commerce, and their main merits include increasing both conversion rates and average order value. However, it needs to be emphasized that this goes with a less flexible business model of the companies providing such services in high interest rate environment, as well as adverse consequences of broad access to such services. Many countries have observed a growth of customer debt - which effects both credit worthiness and problems to pay off rising debts. This results in imposing formal regulations on deferred payments markets more and more frequently
A cross-national study of internationalisation barriers with reference to SME value chain
No full textResearch background: The study responses to the internationalisation issue, one of the essential factors of SMEs growth. Particularly to companies\u27 efforts towards setting international cooperation and circumstances obstructing these struggles. The study takes into consideration that internationalisation in specific areas of company\u27s operations differs noticeably. Similarly, different barriers may arise depending on the areas of the company\u27s value chain that are the focus of the enterprises\u27 internationalisation strategies.
Purpose of the article: This study aims to identify barriers to internationalisation regarding various areas of a company\u27s value chain. The study employs the Value Chain Model by Porter.
Methods: The field data was collected using a questionnaire survey on a sample of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) located in countries in the Baltic Sea region (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland). A multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the impact of barriers on internationalisation.
Finding & value added: The study indicates three areas that are most often the subject of internationalisation in SMEs: operations, outbound logistics and marketing and sales. Barriers differ between value chain areas; however, cultural differences and competition are perceived as the most important hindering factors by companies experienced in internationalisation. At the same time, barriers regarding knowledge and finance diminish when companies becoming more experienced in internationalisation in particular value chain areas. This study is one of few employing the value chain framework to examine internationalisation
The impact of organizational resilience on the quality of public services: Application of structural equation modeling
No full textResearch background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, public sector entities encountered extraordinary difficulties in maintaining the delivery of public services. They were ill-equipped to operate in the unpredictable circumstances of the pandemic, causing a significant impact on the accessibility and quality of public services. This scenario also highlighted the importance of the resilience of the public sector, which entails an organization\u27s capacity to function in a crisis setting and uncover opportunities that might not have been evident during normal circumstances.
Purpose of the article: This study aims to assess development trends within public sector resilience and their impact on the quality of public services. As resilience is realized through a three-phase prism - i.e., Planning, Adaptation, and Enhanced Learning - we hypothesize that Adaptation is endogenously interrelated with Planning and positively affects Enhanced Learning, which in turn positively impacts Service Quality.
Methods: Two successive surveys were carried out to examine the links between organizational resilience and Service Quality in the public sector. The first involved interviewing 401 senior managers of the organizations that provide public services in Lithuania to assess their level of organizational resilience. The second survey involved questioning individuals aged 18 and above who had used the services of the previously surveyed organizations. In total, 3,609 public service users were interviewed to gather data on Service Quality. Structural equation modeling was performed to analyze the data collected.
Findings & value added: The results of structural equation modeling revealed that Enhanced Learning positively and significantly affects Service Quality. The findings of this study suggest that the bounce-back stage of organizational resilience, i.e., Adaptation, indirectly affects Service Quality through the bounce-forward stage, i.e., Enhanced Learning. Thus, Enhanced Learning acts both as an accelerator of Service Quality and as a moderator of the effect that other stages of organizational resilience have on Service Quality. The primary contribution of this article is its discovery that Service Quality develops from Enhanced Learning, implying that the optimal approach to service provision is based on both newly acquired knowledge and experience gained during challenging times. This enables organizations to transform their service delivery in response to the realities of changing circumstances, thereby creating opportunities to prepare for future challenges from the standpoint of a new equilibrium
Peer effects and the mechanisms in corporate capital structure: Evidence from Chinese listed firms
No full textResearch background: Peer effects, in which individuals learn and imitate their peers? behaviors, have been widely recognized in different contexts. Particularly, with increasingly fierce competition, firms can no longer make financial decisions in isolation when facing terrible external operational environments. In contrast, observing peers? actions in corporate policies can help reveal intentions regarding what peers are doing, which is vital for policymakers and financial managers. Studies on the existence of capital structure peer effects in the Chinese context have been conducted, but the mechanisms of peer effects are still ambiguous at present.
Purpose of the article: This study aims to examine peer effects in capital structure and discover the mechanisms in the Chinese context. Understanding the mechanisms behind peer effects can help scholars and policymakers obtain more insights into the working mechanisms of peer effects. Furthermore, how the industry- and firm-specific characteristics affect peer effects and the selection of mechanisms should be analyzed.
Methods: Using the fixed effects model (industry effect and year effect) and propensity score matching (PSM), as well as market leverage and heterogeneous stock shocks, we investigate peer effects, the mechanisms, and the effects of specific factors from industries and firms based on the sample of Chinese non-financial A-share listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2014 to 2021.
Findings & value added: Study results show that peer effects exist in the corporate capital structure in the Chinese capital markets. Unlike previous studies, this analysis captures three mechanisms: the industrial average, industrial leaders, and industrial-similar firms. The intensity of peer effects and selection of mechanisms are influenced by both industry-specific characteristics (the degree of industrial competition and financing constraints) and firm-specific characteristics (firm size and market share)
Investigating the double-edged sword effect of environmental, social and governance practices on corporate risk-taking in the high-tech industry
No full textResearch background: Corporate risk-taking (CRT) is crucial to a business\u27s survival and performance and is a driving force for sustainable development. Environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices are critical to firm profits when considering sustainable economic growth; however, they can also be the cause of financial burdens. It is, therefore, crucial to assess the relationship between a company\u27s ESG performance and its risk-taking.
Purpose of the article: Considering the controversial results of empirical studies on the relationship between ESG and CRT, this study aims to theoretically and empirically investigate the curvilinear nexus between ESG practices and CRT within Taiwan\u27s high-tech industry.
Methods: Ordinary least square regression and quantile regression analysis was applied to investigate the curvilinear ESG-CRT relationship. The empirical studies were conducted in 38 high-tech companies on the Taiwan Stock Exchange that disclosed ESG information between 2005 and 2020, with a total of 437 firm-year observations.
Findings & value added: Quantile regression estimation results reveal the ESG-CRT nexus is U-shaped (convex). Both the environmental and social pillar\u27s relationship with CRT is nonlinear and U-shaped, whereas the governance pillar has no significant relationship with CRT. Overall, a comprehensive view is provided that shows ESG practices can have a double-edged sword effect on CRT. It is suggested that high-tech companies in Taiwan should avoid ESG practices becoming a tool for managements\u27 self-interest. More information of ESG practices should be disclosed to stakeholders to ensure they are given full credit for the positive impact they have on capital allocation. Regulators guide firms to surpass the threshold of the U-shaped effect and take into consideration the whole benefits of stakeholders when they allocate existing resources toward environmental and social endeavors
