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Cross-national sanctions and green innovation: Worldwide investigation
No full textResearch background: Cross-national sanctions are external factors with high uncertainty. The current situation of green innovation is not optimistic and the future of the uncertain development is worth exploring.
Purpose of the article: This study intends to investigate how cross-national sanctions affect green innovations by examining data from 130 countries from 1990 to 2020. We use six different forms of sanctions (including those from the U.S., EU, UN, as well as unilateral, plurilateral, and economic sanctions) as the primary explanatory variables, with environmental management innovations serving as a proxy for green innovations.
Methods: Difference-in-Difference (DID) technique; Logit model.
Findings & value added: The number of environmental management inventions produced by a nation\u27s inventors is negatively affected by plurilateral and economic sanctions, as well as by the US and the EU sanctions, while other types of sanctions have weaker effects. In terms of sub-indicators, plurilateral and the US sanctions have a serious negative impact on air pollution control and water pollution control inventions, while plurilateral, The EU and economic sanctions have a negative impact on waste management innovations. However, unilateral and the UN sanctions have no apparent effect on any type of environmental technology. Further logit model tests show that the US and economic sanctions lead to a decrease in green innovations. Moreover, the difference between Asian and African countries is that the negative effects of plurilateral, the U.S., the EU, and economic sanctions are more obvious in African countries, while cross-national sanctions have no significant impact on Asian countries. The results of our study should help countries under sanctions to respond more effectively to environmental progress
Everyday artificial intelligence unveiled: Societal awareness of technological transformation
No full textResearch background: As Artificial Intelligence (AI) weaves into the fabric of daily life, its societal and economic implications underscore the urgency of embracing an environment conducive to its informed adoption. This requires a sophisticated understanding of the societal perception and adaptability to AI, emphasizing the importance of developing comprehensive AI literacy.
Purpose of the article: This study inquiries into the sociodemographic underpinnings of AI literacy, aiming to demystify how knowledge about AI\u27s capabilities in everyday tasks varies across individual population segments. It allows us to define the basic determinants that influence the differences in the individual population structures. It also reveals the potential risks associated with the use of AI.
Methods: This study investigates the awareness of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in daily lives of the Czech population, focusing on the influence of socio-demographic factors. Utilizing computer-assisted web interviewing, we surveyed 1,041 respondents in April 2023, ensuring representativeness by applying quotas for age, gender, education, region, and residential area size. Our investigation spanned AI applications in sectors like customer service, music playlist recommendation, email sorting, healthcare, online shopping, and home devices.
Findings & value added: Findings taken from descriptive statistics reveal variable AI awareness levels across different domains, with younger demographics exhibiting notably lower awareness in several areas. Regression analysis highlighted that awareness is significantly associated with gender, age, and education level. Regression analysis showed that males, younger age groups and those with higher levels of education were more likely to correctly answer majority of questions about the role of AI in everyday life. These insights are crucial for stakeholders aiming to enhance AI literacy, tailor communication strategies, and develop digital platforms, offering guidance for policymakers and market analysts in optimizing AI-related initiatives
Generative artificial intelligence algorithms in Internet of Things blockchain-based fintech management
No full textResearch background: Big data-driven artificial Internet of Things (IoT) fintech algorithms can provide real-time personalized financial service access, strengthen risk management, and manage, monitor, and mitigate transaction operational risks by operational credit risk management, suspicious financial transaction abnormal pattern detection, and synthetic financial data-based fraud simulation. Blockchain technologies, automated financial planning and investment advice services, and risk scoring and fraud detection tools can be leveraged in financial trading forecasting and planning, cryptocurrency transactions, and financial workflow automation and fraud detection. Algorithmic trading and fraud detection tools, distributed ledger and cryptocurrency technologies, and ensemble learning and support vector machine algorithms are pivotal in predictive analytics-based risk mitigation, customer behavior and preference-based financial product and service personalization, and financial transaction and fraud detection automation. Credit scoring and risk management tools can offer financial personalized recommendations based on customer data, behavior, and preferences, in addition to transaction history, by generative adversarial and deep learning recurrent neural networks.
Purpose of the article: We show that blockchain and edge computing technologies, generative artificial IoT-based fintech algorithms, and transaction monitoring and credit scoring tools can be harnessed in financial decision-making processes and loan default rate mitigation for transaction, payment, and credit process efficiency. Generative and predictive artificial intelligence (AI) algorithmic trading systems can drive coherent customer service operations, provide tailored financial and investment advice, and influence financial decision processing, while performing real-time risk assessment and financial and trading risk scenario simulation across fluctuating market conditions. Fraud and money laundering prevention tools, blockchain and financial transaction technologies, and federated and decentralized machine learning algorithms can articulate algorithmic profiling-based transaction data patterns and structures, credit assessment, loan repaying likelihood prediction, and interest rate and credit lending risk management by real-time financial pattern and economic forecast-based credit analysis across investment payment and transaction record infrastructures.
Methods: Research published between 2023 and 2024 was identified and analyzed across ProQuest, Scopus, and the Web of Science databases by use of screening and quality assessment software systems such as Abstrackr, AMSTAR, AXIS, CADIMA, CASP, Catchii, DistillerSR, Eppi-Reviewer, MMAT, Nested Knowledge, PICO Portal, Rayyan, ROBIS, and SRDR+.
Findings & value added: The main value added derived from the systematic literature review is that generative AI-based operational risk management, fraud detection, and transaction monitoring tools can provide personalized financial support and services and clarify financial and credit decisions and operations by financial decision-making process automation in dynamic business environments based on fraud detection capabilities and transaction data analysis and assessment. The benefits for theory and current state of the art are that credit risk and financial forecasting tools, artificial IoT-based fintech and generative AI algorithms, and algorithmic trading and distributed ledger technologies can be deployed in financial decision-making and customer behavior pattern optimization, credit score assessment, and money laundering and fraudulent payment detection. Policy implications reveal that investment management and algorithmic credit scoring tools can streamline financial activity operational efficiency, design financial planning analysis and forecasting, and carry out financial service and transaction data analysis for informed transaction decision-making and fraudulent behavior pattern and incident detection, taking into account credit history and risk evaluation and improving personalized experiences
Impact of the armed conflict in Ukraine on rail freight between Asia and Europe
No full textIn 2021, the rail freight industry proved its competitiveness despite the restrictions caused by the coronavirus pandemic. In the segment of rail freight transport between Asia and Europe, this was achieved by positive transport results. Container transport in international rail traffic was increased. The railways carried out work on the development and organization of the transport of high-capacity containers in international traffic, including the organization of container block trains in the Eurasian space. The year 2022 has brought about fundamental changes in the perception of safety and the role of rail transport in traffic between Asia and Europe. An unexpected armed conflict caused chaos in trade, production and transport. In the corridors connecting Asia with Europe, problems arose, supply chains were disrupted. The geopolitical situation in Eastern Europe remains tense and unpredictable. This results in lasting consequences for production, supply and demand chains, transport corridors in the Eurasian space. This also applies to rail transport as part of the New Silk Road concept. The aim of this article is to provide a synthetic analysis of the impact of geopolitical changes and the armed conflict in Ukraine on the functioning of the Silk Railroad and transport volumes in rail freight traffic between Asia and Europe. The above analysis was carried out on the basis of research on secondary sources and available source materials obtained from OSJD member countries that participate in rail transport on the Silk Road
Cold chain as a resilience feature of the supply chain in changing conditions of the environment
No full textThis paper assesses the adequacy of existing Cold Chain technologies for use during increased temperature, increased demand, and required environmental protection. The research problem lies in determining whether adopting the process of cold chain technologies due to observed environmental changes significantly improves the supply chain\u27s resilience. The main hypothesis is that cold chain technologies deliver increased supply chain resilience. However, they require additional energy.
Methodology:
The paper consists of a description of existing CC technologies\u27 conditions across industrial standards that relies on two stages: a description of regulations regarding cold chain technologies and a verification of the theoretical approach towards cold chain applications in the environmentally friendly supply chain.
Findings:
Energy usage restrictions and many regulatory requirements affect existing supply chains. Due to increased ambient temperatures, maintaining optimal temperatures in storage facilities becomes more difficult. This can lead to spoilage of perishable goods and require additional energy to maintain cool storage conditions. Product shortages and price fluctuations for various goods can also occur, creating uncertainty and instability within supply chains.
Originality / value:
Cold chain technologies improve the quality and efficiency of supply chain processes, yet changing environmental conditions make such systems more energy-hungry. Therefore, the demand for reliable and environmentally friendly cold chain solutions is increasing.The paper summarises selected requirements from public contracts, relating to WIM preselection systems in Poland. The difference between WIM and HS-WIM requirements is presented, and the differing requirements based on both international documentation and the standardised requirements that new or refurbished stations must meet are described
Wpływ kryzysu finansowego na rozwój rynku giełdowego w Hiszpanii
No full textW artykule zdefiniowano termin rynku kapitałowego jako jeden z ważniejszych segmentów rynku finansowego, dokonano również charakterystyki giełdy papierów wartościowych. Przedmiotem artykułu była analiza wpływu kryzysu finansowego w 2008 roku na koniunkturę rynku giełdowego na przykładzie Hiszpanii. W tym celu w artykule przedstawiono zasady funkcjonowania giełd papierów wartościowych w Hiszpanii. Dokonano również krótkiej analizy podstawowych wskaźników determinujących rozwój parkietu giełdowego danego kraju. Okresem badawczym był okres rozpoczęcia się kryzysu finansowego oraz lata następujące po nim. Przyjęcie takiego okresu badawczego umożliwia w sposób jasny przeanalizowanie wpływu kryzysu finansowego w 2008 roku na przyszła koniunkturę rynku w Hiszpanii
Oceny ryzyka inwestowania w PCC ROKITA S.A. oraz GRUPA AZOTY S.A. w sektorze chemicznym na GPW w warszawie w okresie 01.01.2021-31.12.2023
No full textW artykule omówiono ocenę ryzyka inwestowania w spółki PCC Rokita S.A. i Grupa Azoty S.A., działające w sektorze chemicznym na Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych w Warszawie w okresie od 1 stycznia 2021 do 31 grudnia 2023 roku. Podkreślono kluczową rolę sektora chemicznego w polskiej gospodarce, zaznaczając, że firmy takie jak Grupa Azoty i PCC Rokita odgrywają istotną funkcje zarówno na rynku krajowym, jak i międzynarodowym. Celem pracy była kompleksowa ocena ryzyka inwestycyjnego, z uwzględnieniem czynników takich jak ryzyka rynkowe, operacyjne oraz finansowe, które mogą wpływać na stabilność i rentowność inwestycji. Artykuł zawiera również szczegółową analizę stóp zwrotu z inwestycji w akcje obu spółek, porównując je do indeksu WIG. Omówiono zmienność stóp zwrotu oraz czynniki makroekonomiczne i geopolityczne, które wpływały na ceny surowców i koszty produkcji, a tym samym na wyniki finansowe spółek
"Beyond ideologies" – some remarks on the existential and ecocritical tone of Alfred Andersch\u27s autobiographical report Die Kirschen der Freiheit (1952)
No full textThe article is an attempt to look at the autobiographical text of the leading writer of early German post-war literature and one of the founders of the famous "Group of 47" Alfred Andersch entitled Die Kirschen der Freiheit (1952) from the perspective of the existential philosophy of Jean Paul Sartre and selected aspects of ecocritical thought. The article discusses in detail the existential concept of individual freedom not determined by twentieth-century totalitarian systems and emphasizes its ecocritical sense, i.e. the dimension of humanity in the bosom of nature, the potential of free will and deciding about one\u27s own fate, as well as the role of art as a special means of expression of free man and his relationship to the world
The image of the world and man in the works of Wolfgang Borchert’s Draußen vor der Tür (1947) and Heinrich Bölls Wo warst du, Adam? (1951)
No full textThis article discusses selected aspects of the creation of the image of the world and man in selected literary works of early post-war literature on the example of the works of the most important representatives of this period – Wolfgang Borchert and Heinrich Böll. The creators of the so-called literature of ruins revealed the experience of total destruction of man as an individual deprived of individuality, emphasized the moral decline of the war and post-war world
Digital divide and digitalization in Europe: A bibliometric analysis
No full textResearch background: Digitalization and the associated digital divide are crucial issues impacting socio-economic development globally. Extensive research has examined digitalization and the digital divide in EU countries, but there is a lack of understanding regarding comparisons with studies conducted in Western Balkan countries. This study investigates digitalization trends in research from the past five years in both regions, focusing on efforts and factors contributing to the digital gap.
Purpose of the article: The study analyzes research on digitalization from 2018 to 2023 in the EU and Western Balkans. It explores factors causing the digital divide and efforts in digitalization, aiming to guide future research and policy for digital inclusion and sustainable development.
Methods: The study employs a meticulous data selection process, choosing Scopus as the database for its extensive coverage of diverse journals. A total of 1119 articles from EU countries and 277 from Western Balkan countries are selected for bibliometric analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Findings & value added: The research reveals a growing interest in digitalization-related issues, demonstrating the multidisciplinary nature of ongoing research. It points out the distribution of publications on digitalization in the EU and Western Balkans countries. The EU focuses on digital technologies, economic growth, and sustainability, while Western Balkan countries focus on COVID-19 impact and digitalization in education and business. The research compares digitalization efforts in the EU and Western Balkan countries presented in the literature, pointing to new dimensions of the digital divide studies. It discusses how socio-economic contexts affect digital transformation and stresses the need for tailored policy approaches for digital inclusivity. These insights are of great importance for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working towards global digital development and bridging the digital divide. The study lays the groundwork for future research and policy considerations, considering limitations like potential bias in databases and search criteria