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Empirical determinants of the relationships between capital market development and economic growth
No full textIn this article, a comprehensive review of empirical studies exploring the relationship between capital market development and economic growth is presented. The analysis includes a detailed examination of four theoretical approaches: causal independence, demand-following, supply-leading, and feedback loop hypotheses. Utilizing diverse econometric methods and data from various countries, the findings highlight the complexity and variability of the relationship, influenced by measurement methodologies and specific economic contexts. This study underscores the importance of capital market indicators and their differentiated impacts on economic growth, depending on the structure of the banking and stock market sectors. The results contribute to the understanding of how capital market development interacts with economic growth, offering valuable insights for both developed and developing economies. The article also emphasizes the necessity for further research that incorporates global trends, regulatory environments, and institutional frameworks to deepen our understanding of these relationships
Electric means of urban transport in practice
No full textCurrently, great attention is paid to environmental protection issues in the context of the impact of transport on the environment. Most research and analyzes on electromobility indicate that vehicles using electricity produce less pollution than vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine. Another problem is the number of vehicles on the road, causing traffic jams. A diminutive form of personal transport around the city can be proposed to reduce the number of motor vehicles on the streets. The proposed urban electric vehicle is a four-wheeled vehicle powered by a charging station based on renewable energy sources. It is intended mainly for transporting people with specific disabilities. It is intended mainly for transporting older people and people with specific disabilities. For health reasons, these people cannot use publicly available means of personal transport such as an electric scooter or an electric bicycle. The vehicle can handle bicycle paths, parks, and short distances. The use of the GPS and Line Follower systems based on the adaptation of the infrastructure to this vehicle will ensure its full autonomy. This article presents simulation tests of air resistance while driving using SOLIDWORKS Flow Simulation, then examines the technical parameters of the vehicle in real conditions, i.e., city driving. The research results turn out to be promising because the use of such a vehicle seems to be practical
An attempt to identify concrete strength parameters by simulating standardized tests
No full textThis study focuses on transport infrastructure, particularly the construction and maintenance of concrete airport pavements, which are crucial for aviation transport safety. The main objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of standard methods for determining the strength of concrete used in airport slabs (LWS) and road slabs (MON). The study employed the finite element method (FEM), comparing its results with experimental data. Simulations of concrete compression and bending tests were conducted in accordance with procedures described in standardization documents. The research results confirmed the usefulness of standard methods for testing and determining concrete strength. At the same time, the study highlighted the limitations of simplified calculation formulas contained in the standards. This research was carried out with the support of the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling at the University of Warsaw (ICM UW)
Overview of the use of Light Detection and Ranging and Ground Penetrating Radar implemented on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
No full textCurrently, there is a rapid increase in interest in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). These devices can be used as platform for carrying various sensors, often enabling access to hard-to-reach areas using traditional, ground-based methods. Very popular sensors used in non-invasive search work include Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). The combination of the above sensors with UAVs is becoming increasingly common, which provides many benefits in many areas, such as archaeology, forensics, agriculture, rescue, terrain mapping, or landmine detection. This article is a synthetic review of the principle of operation and the use of technologies such as LiDAR and GPR, as well as their use on unmanned flying platforms. Issues related to the use of these sensors on various UAV configurations and the resulting conditions of work are discussed. The differences between LiDAR and GPR are also discussed, as well as the possible analysis of the examined area using both technologies to obtain the best effect. The implementation of these non-invasive search methods is not a threat to traditional searches in the form of excavations, but only a method preceding invasive research. Thanks to such an innovative approach, the effectiveness of such work is increased by narrowing the excavations area
Monitoring of oil distribution transformer in laboratory conditions
No full textThe paper discusses the issue of analyzing the amount of gas and water contained in transformer oil. Such diagnostics include tests and measurements to verify the insulating and cooling properties of the oil, from which it is possible to determine the degree of transformer degradation. The experimental measurement is mainly focused on the state of the quantity of gases and water on the oil distribution transformer and their mutual ratios using monitoring and off-line measurements. In conclusion, an example of the analysis of the mechanical strength of the winding in the oil container of the aforementioned distribution transformer is the monitoring method of tracking the cooling curves through optical sensors
Transformations of the discrete-time linear systems to the positive asymptotically stable forms
No full textNew approaches to the transformations of the discrete-time linear systems to their positive asymptotically stable canonical controllable (observable) forms is proposed. It is shown that if the matrix A of the system is nonsingular then the desired transformation matrix can be chosen in block diagonal form. Procedures for computation of the transformation matrices are proposed and illustrated by simple numerical examples
Ocena ryzyka inwestowania w walory spółek PKN Orlen i Mol sektora „wydobycie i produkcja” w latach 2021-2023
No full textW artykule przeprowadzono badanie dotyczące oceny ryzyka inwestowania w walory spółek PKN ORLEN i MOL. Analizie empirycznej poddano dane dotyczące wartości indeksu WIG w latach 2021-2023 według ostatniego dnia miesiąca i kursów zamknięcia notowań w danym dniu, zmiany wartości stóp zwrotu z rynku, stopy zwrotu z akcji PKN ORLEN i MOL, porównanie stóp zwrotu z rynku ze stopami zwrotu z akcji PKN ORLEN i MOL, wariancji oraz odchyleń standardowych dla wybranych akcji sektora wydobycie i produkcja. Wybrano indeks WIG, który jest pierwszym indeksem giełdowym obliczanym od 16 kwietnia 1991 roku
Rentowność w sektorze budownictwa ogólnego: przypadek Budimex S.A. i P.A. Nova S.A. w latach 2021-2023
No full textW artykule przedstawiono badanie dotyczące porównania rentowności spółek Budimex S.A. oraz P.A. Nova S.A. w latach 2021-2023. Analiza teoretyczna dotyczy wyróżnienia rodzajów analizy rentowności, sposobów jej obliczania oraz determinant rentowności. Analizie empirycznej poddano dane dotyczące sprawozdań finansowych, wskaźnika rentowności oraz wskaźnikową analizę finansową rachunku przepływów pieniężnych
Ceny transferowe i podatek u źródła
Get PDFW artykule przedstawiono kluczowe aspekty cen transferowych oraz podatku u źródła w kontekście przepisów obowiązujących w Polsce. Omówiono definicje i zastosowanie cen transferowych w transakcjach pomiędzy podmiotami powiązanymi oraz wyzwania związane z ich pra-widłowym dokumentowaniem. Poruszono również kwestię podatku u źródła, jego znaczenia dla międzynarodowych rozliczeń oraz obowiązków podatników i płatników w tym zakresie. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono regulacjom prawnym oraz praktycznym wyzwaniom w spełnianiu obowiązków dokumentacyjnych i rozliczeniowych, z naciskiem na konieczność dochowania należy-tej staranności. Artykuł wskazuje na znaczenie zgodności z przepisami prawa, które ma kluczowy wpływ na relacje podatkowe przedsiębiorstw z organami skarbowymi
Domsettend, worulddema or dempster? Medieval English references to the noun judge
Get PDFThe aim of the present brief study is to review selected Medieval English lexical representations of the noun judge ‘one who tries cases and interprets the laws’ (MED) and their semantic development in the history of English (cf. OE domsettend, dempster, worulddema). The study uses standard databases, such as Bosworth−Toller’s Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (B−T), Clark Hall’s A Concise Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (CASD), Dictionary of Old English Corpus (DOEC), Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue (DOST), Historical Thesaurus of English (HTE), The Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose (ICoMEP), Middle English Dictionary (MED), the Oxford English Dictionary (OED), Scottish National Dictionary (SND), Thesaurus of Old English (TOE), A Thesaurus of English Word Roots (TEWR), Collins Dictionary (CD) and Merriam-Webster Dictionary (MWD).
A preliminary search for the terms in question confirms either their decline shortly after being first recorded in Old English (cf. domsettend, gesetla, worulddema) or their survival into the Middle or Early Modern English periods (cf. doomer, doomsman, judger). Only two nouns, judge and jurist, have survived beyond Medieval English and are frequent in current use