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Detection of earnings manipulations during the corporate life cycle in Central European countries
No full textResearch background: The growing trend of financial distress risk worldwide increases the need for effective tools to detect accounting manipulation by stakeholders (debt holders, shareholders, suppliers, and customers). However, the well-known models of accrual earnings management do not reflect the financial specificity of individual life cycle stages and their cash flow patterns.
Purpose of the article: The study examines the impact of the corporate life cycle on the reliability of accrual earnings management models and identifies appropriate models for detecting accounting manipulation in Central European countries.
Methods: Seven accrual earnings management models were used. They were evaluated based on five criteria: explanatory power (adjusted coefficient of determination), overall significance of the regression model, significance of the regression coefficients, predicted sign of the regression coefficients, and standard errors of the estimated regression coefficients. Finally, a comprehensive scoring model was used to determine the overall quality of the models examined. The study was conducted on a sample of more than 30,000 enterprises from four Central European countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia), with data covering the period 2017–2021. The Dickinson non-sequential life cycle model was used to distinguish life cycle stages according to cash flow patterns.
Findings & value added: The results of the study suggest that, firstly, discretionary accruals vary across countries as well as over the firm\u27s life cycle; earnings manipulations have an inverted U-shape with mature firms tending to reduce their accounting profit. The reliability of the models examined was poor in the case of start-ups. This reflects the need to distinguish between life cycle stages in the detection of earnings manipulation
Evolution of the regional innovation system in terms of the Covid-19 pandemic, financial and economic crisis: The long term perspective from Central European region
No full textResearch background: The evolution of the innovation system is not easy to explore due to the small number or selective nature of the international research about it. The natural trajectory is well known in a long time period but differs between regions and countries — more or less developed. If the impact of the external shocks on regional innovation system (RIS) is added here, the situation is even more complicated. The answer for the crises depends on the development level of a country and region, the maturity of the relationships between actors of the Triple Helix (entrepreneurship, science, government) — their strength and stability over time, some endogenous conditions specific to it. The knowledge about the evolution of the innovation system is crucial to understand how the system works, where it was, is and will be at the evolution trajectory.
Purpose of the article: Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify the evolution of the RIS in the one of Central Europe’s regions (Lower Silesian in Poland) including the impact of the global financial crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic on the innovation technology there.
Methods: Using microdata collected by the authors and the stepwise logit modelling, industrial enterprises were analysed in three time periods: 2004–2006, 2010–2012 and 2019–2021. Total 1649 questionnaires forms were collected. The research was made in the one of Poland\u27s well advanced regional innovation systems — the Lower Silesian. The matrix of success and fail was used as long as the AUC curve and some statistical indicators to prove the usefulness of models. The dependent variables were the new technology pushed by R&D and the investment in new machinery and equipment.
Findings & value added: The nature of RIS evolution in the one of the regions in Central Europe in a catching-up country in the context of financial crises and Covid-19 was examined. The analyses identified two alternative groups of conditions — high or low resilience to various market shocks. To the first group belongs: R&D and equipment interactions (the growing competence effect) and a cooperation along the supply chain in the industry. The low resilience is observed in the other categories, as follows: the cooperation with science institutes and business support organizations (the isolation effect), the lack of external sources of funding (the sinking effect), the short time reaction of entrepreneurs (the adaptation effect). As was pointed above in the catching-up country, some elements of the Triple Helix are more sensitive to external shocks, while others are not. The crisis situation can radically slow down an evolutionary development or change its direction. Knowing them will allow the local authority to react on time or with a low delay to reduce negative consequences of it to the regional economy. Authors have shown a new approach to the evolution process of regional innovation system. It could be useful to learn how, where and when the system is going to
Generative artificial intelligence in FinTech: Applications, environmental, social, and governance considerations, and organizational performance: The moderating role of ethical dilemmas
No full textResearch background: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) is a disruptive technology with great promise for the FinTech industry. The current study focuses on the drivers of GenAI adoption and its consequences for both exploratory and exploitative innovation in FinTech companies.
Purpose of the article: Based on a conceptual model that extends the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, this study also explores the moderating effect of ethical dilemmas in the relationship between GenAI adoption and innovation, as well as the role of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors in shaping the broader impact of GenAI on organizational practices.
Methods: Data were collected and analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) from participants in the Chinese FinTech industry.
Findings & value added: Our empirical findings show that GenAI improves both kinds of innovations and, subsequently, leads to improved organizational performance. However, ethical dilemmas do not significantly affect either of these effects. Moreover, the study suggests that aligning GenAI adoption with ESG goals, such as promoting sustainable practices and ensuring ethical governance, can further enhance long-term performance and stakeholder trust. This study underlines the strategic role of GenAI adoption in driving innovation, advancing ESG objectives, and improving performance in the fast-evolving landscape of FinTech
Adequacy of foreign reserves of National Bank of Poland
No full textThe paper discusses the policy of managing foreign exchange reserves in Poland. The aim is to assess changes in the size and adequacy of official reserve assets in Poland from 2004 to 2023. The main stress is put on the assessment of adequacy of official reserve assets with the most common indicators. The paper is based on the international literature and statistical data. Main sources of necessary data were taken from publications delivered by the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the Statistic Poland and the National Bank of Poland
Assessment of actual vehicle emissions in the context of Low Emission Zones
No full textIn 2024, Clean Transport Zones were established in the first Polish cities, restricting the right to enter the centers of the largest agglomerations for vehicles that do not meet the latest exhaust emission standards. This solution aims to both counteract air pollution in the vicinity of the largest population centers, but also to limit car traffic in the centers of the largest cities. The imperfection of the vehicle selection key is limited to meeting the appropriate EURO standard, which may not clearly define the actual emission. The aim of the work is to determine the methodology for effective comparison of the results of total vehicle exhaust emissions
Optimisation of the production line for safety equipment in rail traffic using the RHR-95 drive as an example
No full textThe article presents the optimisation of the production process proposed by the authors on the basis of the production process of the RHR-95 type drive optimised according to LEAN standards. This is a safety infrastructure element which is part of the system for securing railway and road crossings manufactured by ZA KOMBUD S.A. The final result is a presentation of the tangible benefits of optimising the production line according to LEAN assumptions and the impact on product quality after making changes to the production process
Analiza płynności finansowej na podstawie przedsiębiorstwa LPP w latach 2020-2022
No full textW niniejszym artykule omówione zostały teoretyczne aspekty płynności finansowej, wraz ze wskazaniem różnicy między jej pomiarem dokonywanym w ujęciu statycznym oraz dynamicznym. Przedstawiono grupy najczęściej wykorzystywanych wskaźników, służących pomiarowi i ocenie płynności finansowej w przedsiębiorstwie. W części praktycznej oszacowano wartości wskaźników, na podstawie których dokonano oceny płynności finansowej spółki akcyjnej LPP, będącej jedną z największych firm odzieżowych w Polsce. Okres analizy obejmował lata 2020 – 2022. W artykule zostały wykorzystane metody analizy opisowej oraz statystyczna analiza danych finansowych. W opracowaniu dokonano analizy literatury przedmiotu z zakresu finansów i rachunkowości, obowiązujące akty prawne, wynikające z zakresu pracy, a także sprawozdania finansowe badanego podmiotu gospodarczego
Modele opodatkowania zysków przedsiębiorstw kapitałowych i ich wpływ na decyzje inwestycyjne
No full textW artykule omówiono kwestię podwójnego opodatkowania zysków przedsiębiorstw kapitałowych w Polsce i na świecie. W pierwszej części artykułu wyjaśniono wpływ omawianego zjawiska na decyzje dotyczące podziału zysku, źródeł finansowania i ich kosztu. W drugiej części artykułu przedstawiono modele opodatkowania zysków przedsiębiorstw kapitałowych w polskim systemie podatkowym
Start-upy i ich ekosystemy
Full text linkW artykule omówiono pojęcie start-upów oraz uwarunkowania ich rozwoju. Liczne definicje pozwalają wskazać wachlarz cech, którymi charakteryzują się start-upy. Ekosystemy start-upowe umożliwiają i ułatwiają współpracę pomiędzy start-upami, a pozostałymi instytucjami otoczenia biznesowego głównie poprzez dostęp do zaplecza badawczo-rozwojowego, form finansowania oraz usług rozwojowych. Omówiono rankingi światowych ekosystemów start-upowych realizowanych w ramach dwóch miarodajnych zestawień publikowanych przez Startup Genome oraz Startup Blink. Celem artykułu jest uporządkowanie dotychczasowej wiedzy na temat start-upów i ich ekosystemów, jak również analiza współczesnych ekosystemów funkcjonujących na świecie
A critical perspective on theoretical approaches and models in audiovisual translation with possible didactic applications: Classic versus innovation
Full text linkThe present overview article summarizes some of the models applied in the field of audiovisual translation which has witnessed a significant expansion in academia and translation practice in recent years. The article describes selectively the models as proposed by Karamitroglou in 2000, the NER model (2015), the NTR model (2017) and the FAR model by Pedersen (2017) outlining their advantages, disadvantages, possible didactic application and their employment not only in translation-focused higher education classes but also the translation industry. Furthermore, it briefly outlines other models to illustrate a wealth of research possibilities to be used as an inspiration for those who delve into audiovisual translation