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Artificial intelligence and corporate social responsibility: A necessary convergence oriented towards innovation, ethics, co-creation of economic added value and measurable societal impact
No full textEnergy efficiency, human development, and renewables as drivers of the load capacity factor: New evidence from Bucharest Nine (B-9) countries
No full textResearch background: Many studies on the effects of economic activities on the environment indicate that our world has exceeded many critical thresholds, and that the biosphere’s future is at risk. In addition, the ability of our planet to renew its natural resources and heal itself keeps our hopes for our future alive.
Purpose of the article: The impacts of economic activities on environmental quality are typically measured according to the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis. However, a new variable called the load capacity factor (LCF) is used to comprehensively assess these impacts. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of economic activities on environmental sustainability through the load capacity factor (LCF), a comprehensive indicator calculated as the ratio of biocapacity to ecological footprint for the Bucharest Nine (B-9) countries (Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovakia), using annual data for 2001–2022.
Methods: The research employed feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) and panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) to reveal the long-run relationship between variables such as economic growth, energy efficiency, human development, and renewable energy (REN) consumption.
Findings & value added: Our empirical findings reveal that economic growth and energy efficiency reduce the LCF, indicating increased environmental degradation. Conversely, human development and renewable energy consumption have positive impacts on LCF. Additionally, our results confirm the load capacity curve (LCC) hypothesis, suggesting a U-shaped relationship between income level and LCF. Our results suggest that policymakers and administrators in the B-9 countries must take concrete steps to support human development, ensure inclusive economic growth, and improve renewable energy policies. Since energy efficiency alone cannot provide the necessary savings, it is recommended that efficiency improvement policies be supported by energy-saving practices
Fintech meets the physical world: Leveraging IoT data streams for dynamic risk modelling and financial innovation
No full textThe Austrian School’s approach to uncertainty
No full textMotivation: Analyzing the Austrian School of Economics (ASE) perspective on uncertainty to classify it and make it comparable to other schools of economic thought.Aim: investigating the solutions and mechanisms proposed by Austrian economists L. von Mises, M. Rothbard, I. Kirzner, H. Hoppe, G. L. S. Shackle and L. Lachmann by categorising them within modified taxonomy and thus implicating their assumptions about nature of uncertainty.Materials and methods: The methods employed in the article are an integrative review and a comparative framework called modified taxonomy. Materials consist of chosen works of economists from the Austrian School of Economics.Results: The analysis indicates that authors promoting decentralised solutions such as market perceive uncertainty as stemming from non-economic sources. However, authors promoting more centralised solutions seek uncertainty from human’s ability to create a future (radical subjectivism and determinism)
Impact of environmental awareness and attitudes on micromobility use: Analysis of generation Z intentions using the Theory of Planned Behaviour
No full textMotivation: Record temperatures and intensification of extreme weather events observed in recent years have contributed to the implementation of sustainable transport systems. One way to reduce CO2 emissions and thus improve the quality of life is through micromobility, which encompasses bicycles and electric scooters.Aim: The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing the intentions of Generation Z representatives to use micromobility. In accordance with the assumptions of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), particular focus was placed on analysing the impact of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control.Materials and methods: The study employed a survey conducted among 167 students from various academic programs. Survey results from the study conducted in May 2025 were subjected to statistical analysis using AMOS and SPSS tools. Correlations between TPB model variables and their impact on students’ attitudes toward micromobility were analysed.Results: Analysis results demonstrated positive attitudes toward micromobility and a significant impact of subjective norms and perceived behavioural control on students’ attitudes toward using these modes of transport. Additionally, environmental awareness was found to be a key factor strengthening pro-environmental attitudes, suggesting the need for further environmental education of Generation Z
Populist political business cycle
No full textMotivation: Understanding the government’s role in shaping business cycles in light of rising populism within the political environment.Aim: This article aims to refine the existing models from the political business cycle literature, emphasising populist phenomena to lay the groundwork for the populist political business cycle (PPBC).Materials and methods: The study employs the selected conceptual approaches in analysing populist presence in the political realm. The inferences from the analysis are then applied to construct a new framework tuned towards delineation of the link between populists and business cycles.Results: The analysis gives a pathway for a new PPBC model, which describes the political order predicated upon three scenarios with variable sequencies: moving towards a heterodox economic status quo, inducing a Latin American populist cycle, or returning to the previous economic status quo
Economy and safety
No full textThe aim of this article is to indicate the close links between economics and safety, which depend to a large extent on the ability to satisfy one\u27s own needs. We satisfy them by consuming material goods, the allocation of which in society often does not meet the expectations of its members. This is where most social conflicts, both cold and hot, arise. So what should this allocation look like to minimize the likelihood of conflicts? Some guidelines in this regard are provided by conclusions from economic theories
Analysis of the implementation of the NIS2 directive in the Weimar Triangle countries
No full textThis paper presents a comparative legal analysis of the implementation of the NIS2 Directive (Directive (EU) 2022/2555) in three EU Member States forming the Weimar Triangle: France, Germany, and Poland. These countries were selected due to their distinct legal-administrative models and their significant influence within the European Union. The study examines key elements of the national transposition processes, including legislative frameworks, scope of regulated entities, supervisory structures, enforcement mechanisms, and incident reporting systems.
The analysis reveals considerable divergences in the timing and structure of implementation, largely shaped by national governance traditions, historical approaches to cybersecurity, and institutional readiness. France, with its centralized administrative model, has proposed an extensive regulatory scope including local authorities but faces delays due to political instability. Germany, leveraging its federal expertise and centralized supervisory body (BSI), has developed a coherent though still incomplete framework. Poland, in turn, has revised its initial legislative draft following stakeholder criticism, yet continues to face challenges regarding institutional fragmentation and enforcement clarity.
The paper concludes that while all three states pursue the same strategic objectives—namely improved cyber resilience and regulatory harmonization—national context significantly impacts both the pace and effectiveness of implementation. The study highlights the critical role of established cybersecurity institutions and coherent legal design in ensuring successful adaptation of EU digital policies
Applications of artificial intelligence for accounting process automation. Challenges and barriers
No full textThe text analyzes the growing role of artificial intelligence in the financial sector, particularly in accounting and auditing. It discusses the technological foundations of AI, including machine learning, natural language processing, artificial neural networks, and robotic process automation, which enhance data analysis, task automation, and anomaly detection. The author emphasizes the significance of automating accounting processes such as document recognition, transaction classification, and report generation, which improve efficiency and precision. The text highlights AI\u27s application in fraud detection through transactional pattern analysis and in financial forecasting, where algorithms help predict market trends and manage risk. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of AI implementation, such as the need for high-quality data, implementation costs, and ethical considerations
Distinct clubs or one big party? Global value chain convergence: Supply concentration and susceptibility to supply shocks
No full textResearch background: Recent events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or Russia’s aggression on Ukraine, raise important questions about the stability of supply chains and their resilience to supply shocks.
Purpose of the article: This paper investigates convergence clubs in global value chains, focusing on supply concentration measured with the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index.
Methods: Using country-sector pairs from the OECD’s ICIO database, we employed the Phillips-Sul (2007) algorithm with the Schnurbus-Haupt-Meier (2017) augmentation to distinguish convergence clubs in the global trade network.
Findings & value added: Our main policy-related finding is that there are two main convergence clubs — one covering roughly 80% of all units and the other one close to 20% (the number of divergent sectors is practically negligible). The dominant club is characterised by high and growing concentration, which poses a risk to the trade network, as, over time, it makes trading partners more susceptible to supply-side shocks. Since the global economy has proven to be surprisingly homogenous in terms of concentration patterns, it seems justified that growing concentration could be considered a systemic feature for future theoretical international trade models. Our main methodological finding is that the WIOD database, which is still used as a standard for such analyses, may be misleading due to its limitations. While the results based on the ICIO and WIOD databases do not align, ICIO seems to be superior in terms of coverage