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Strox (Novel Synthetic Cannabinoids) in Egypt: Medical and Legal Challenges
No full textالستروكس هو حشيش مصنع ذو شهرة واسعة في مصر ويتكون من منتجات عشبية قابلة للتدخين ومزودة بنظائر قنب غير مصنّفة. و قد يؤدي التسمم الحاد بالستروكس إلى الذهان الشديد كما يمكن أن يتسبب في اضطراب الجهاز الدوري أوغيبوبة مميتة. و تعزى السمية الناشئة عن تعاطي الستروكس إلى نظائر القنب الصناعية أو لمضادات الكولين إلى جانب وجود بعض الإضافات مثل الكيتامين. ومع الأسف فإن المعرفة القاصرة بمكونات الستروكس الفعلية على وجه دقيق يجعل الكشف عن وجوده في العينات البيولوجية باستخدام الطرق المعتادة أمرًا مستحيلًا. وقد قام القانون المصري في عام 2018 بتجريم استخدام خمسة نظائرللقنب، وقد أعقب ذلك تغيير سريع في مكونات الستروكس من قِبل صانعيه باستخدام نظائر للقنّب غير محظورة للتحايل علي الحظر القانوني.
لذلك، هناك حاجة ماسة إلى دراسات شاملة لتحديد مكونات الستروكس الفعلية وسيعقب ذلك نجاح في الكشف عن وجوده في العينات البيولوجية لمتعاطيه. كما أنه من الضروري تعديل القانون لإدراج جميع المواد التي لها تأثير شبيه بالقنب في جداول المواد المحظورةBesides traditionally abused substances, the use of novel synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) emerged in Egypt a few years ago. Strox is a popular synthetic cannabis in Egypt that consists of smokable herbal products laced with unidentified synthetic cannabinoids. Unfortunately, threats from the escalating use of Strox in Egypt are increasing, which is a challenge for medical and legal systems. Acute Strox intoxication manifested by acute toxic psychosis and severe cases could develop cardiovascular instability and fatal coma. Strox-related toxicity could be attributed to THC analogs and anticholinergic agents along with the presence of additives such as ketamine. Limited knowledge considering exact Strox ingredients makes its identification in biological samples using standard toxicology impossible. In 2018, Egyptian law criminalized the usage of five THC analogs that are rapidly followed by alteration of Strox constituents by its manufacturer using non-prohibited cannabinoids to escape legal prohibition. Therefore, comprehensive studies are needed to identify common Strox constituents with subsequent successful detection. Moreover, the amendment of the law is essential to include any substances that have cannabis-like actions in the schedules of a prohibited substance
Postmortem Tissue Distribution of Citalopram in a Case of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
No full textقد يضعف استخدام عقار سيتالوبرام قدرة الحكم على الأمور ويزيد من خطر الأفكار الانتحارية. يهدف هذا التقرير إلى دراسة توزيع مادة السيتالوبرام في الأنسجة ما بعد الوفاة في حالة التسمم بأول أكسيد الكربون.
تم إجراء التحليل الأولي بواسطة الفحوصات المناعية وتقنية GC-MS غير الهادفة. وتم تحديد وقياس أول أكسيد الكربون عن طريق قياس مستويات الكربوكسي هيموجلوبين في إفراز الطحال ودم الطحال باستخدام مقياس الطيف الأشعة فوق البنفسجية، في حين تم تحديد السيتالوبرام وقياسه الكمي باستخدام تقنية LC-MS/MS. أظهرت نتائج التحليل الأولي أن عقار السيتالوبرام موجود في جميع العينات التي تم فحصها بالاختبارات المناعية. وكانت نتائج تحليل الكربوكسي هيموجلوبين 85 % في إفراز الطحال ودم الطحال، والتي هي عادة ما تكون مستويات قاتلة. أظهرت نتائج LC-MS/MS أن تركيزات السيتالوبرام كانت 0.58, 0.37, 0.29, 0.13, 0.10 و 0.01 مغ/ليتر في دم الطحال، الدماغ والطحال والكلى والكبد والمعدة على التوالي. وتم اكتشاف أعلى نسبة تركيز من السيتالوبرام وهي 0.58 مغ/لتر و 0.37 مغ/لتر في دم الطحال وأنسجة المخ، على التوالي، والتي يمكن استخدامها كعينة بديلة للدم.Citalopram abuse may impair judgment and increase the risk of suicidal thoughts. This case report aims to study the postmortem tissue distribution of citalopram in a case of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Initial analysis was done by both immunoassay and non-targeted GC-MS screening methods. Carbon monoxide was identified and quantified by measuring the carboxyhemoglobin levels in spleen secretion (black bile) and spleen blood using a UV-visible spectrophotometer, while citalopram was identified and quantified by using an LC-MS-MS system.
Initial analysis showed that citalopram was present in all samples determined by immunoassay. The results of carboxyhemoglobin analysis were 85% in the spleen secretion and spleen blood, which are generally fatal levels. The results of LC-MS-MS showed that citalopram concentrations were 0.58 mg/L, 0.37 mg/L, 0.29 mg/L, 0.13 mg/L, 0.10 mg/L, and 0.01 mg/L, in the spleen blood, brain, spleen, kidney, liver and stomach, respectively. The highest concentrations of citalopram, 0.58 mg/L and 0.37 mg/L, were detected in spleen blood and brain tissue, respectively, which could be used as an alternative specimen to blood
Reading in the book “Scientific Documentation: A Guide to Scientific Publishing
No full textThis research sheds light on the book "The ScientificPublication Guide" prepared by the American PsychologicalAssociation in the English language, and translated intoArabic by Professor Dr. Dhiyab Al-Badayneh.The book dealt with all the criteria, requirements andprinciples of publishing followed in the association'sjournals. The researcher pointed out that despite what waswritten about the principles of scientific research and itsrequirements in the Arabic language; the Arab Library stillneeds specialized evidence dealing with the standards,requirements and publishing principles in a number ofscientific disciplines to put an end in the differences in viewsfollowed in the conditions for publication, its origins, andrequirements in many Arab publishers
A New Secured E-Government Efficiency Model for Sustainable Services Provision
No full textE-government projects in some developing countries face many challenges to provide sustainable services for e-efficiency. Literature shows that most governments suffer from lack of technology and restrictions associated with budgets and human resources. These factors constitute the main obstacles impeding the effective implementation of sustainable and secured e-government services. In addition to these obstacles, the e-government efficiency models adopted by some developing countries do not deliver an appropriate strategic plan for disseminating all sustainable and secured e-government services. Therefore, this paper proposes a new secured model for e-government efficiency to provide sustainable and e-efficiency services. This goal can be achieved using five determinants: detailed process, streamlined services, quick accessibility, use of latest techniques, and trust and awareness, which are discussed in this study. The proposed model has been validated by using a pilot study conducted through case study and method of application and implementation. The findings indicate that both service providers such as governments and users of e-government services took advantage of the proposed model. Accordingly, sustainable e-government services may increase.E-government projects in some developing countries face many challenges to provide sustainable services for e-efficiency. Literature shows that most governments suffer from lack of technology and restrictions associated with budgets and human resources. These factors constitute the main obstacles impeding the effective implementation of sustainable and secured e-government services. In addition to these obstacles, the e-government efficiency models adopted by some developing countries do not deliver an appropriate strategic plan for disseminating all sustainable and secured e-government services. Therefore, this paper proposes a new secured model for e-government efficiency to provide sustainable and e-efficiency services. This goal can be achieved using five determinants: detailed process, streamlined services, quick accessibility, use of latest techniques, and trust and awareness, which are discussed in this study. The proposed model has been validated by using a pilot study conducted through case study and method of application and implementation. The findings indicate that both service providers such as governments and users of e-government services took advantage of the proposed model. Accordingly, sustainable e-government services may increase
A Study on Threat Modeling in Smart Greenhouses
No full textIn the era of agriculture 4.0, cutting-edge technologies including Information and communication technology (ICT) is being introduced into traditional agriculture. As farm intelligence emerges as a key area of smart agriculture, the scope of agriculture has expanded from the seed industry to distribution and logistics, however the area that is still most directly connected to the physical agricultural environment is smart farming. Cybersecurity incidents or cybercrimes in smart farming can directly damage crops and harm human safety. Research on individual technical elements that constitute smart farming has been ongoing for a long time relatively, however it has not been long since the work of systematically identifying and classifying threats to smart agriculture as a whole. In this study, STRIDE threat modeling is used to identify cyber threats to greenhouse and make system design more robust. Through this work, we have derived 126 threats and have created 4 types of attack trees. It will be the basis to allow systematic threat classification more clearly in smart greenhouse.In the era of agriculture 4.0, cutting-edge technologies including Information and communication technology (ICT) is being introduced into traditional agriculture. As farm intelligence emerges as a key area of smart agriculture, the scope of agriculture has expanded from the seed industry to distribution and logistics, however the area that is still most directly connected to the physical agricultural environment is smart farming. Cybersecurity incidents or cybercrimes in smart farming can directly damage crops and harm human safety. Research on individual technical elements that constitute smart farming has been ongoing for a long time relatively, however it has not been long since the work of systematically identifying and classifying threats to smart agriculture as a whole. In this study, STRIDE threat modeling is used to identify cyber threats to greenhouse and make system design more robust. Through this work, we have derived 126 threats and have created 4 types of attack trees. It will be the basis to allow systematic threat classification more clearly in smart greenhouse
Potential and Accuracy of Hand Length and Hand Breadth in Sex Determination: An Insight into Hausa Population of Nigeria
No full textإن تحديد هوية الفرد في الكوارث الجماعية وحوادث المرور هو الهدف الأساسي في التحقيقات الجنائية. ومع ذلك ، يقترح أن كل مجتمع يحتاج إلى بيانات أنثروبولوجية مرجعية. وتهدف الدراسة لتحديد إمكانات ودقة طول واتساع اليد في تحديد الجنس بين سكان الهوسا في نيجيريا. وقد تم استخدام عينة عشوائية لاختيار 204 من الذكور و 194 من الإناث الذين تتراوح أعمارهم بين 18-30 سنة. تم قياس طول واتساع اليد باستخدام البروتوكولات القياسية. تم استخدام اختبار t ثنائي العينة، الانحدار اللوجستي الثنائي، منحنى المميز لخصائص المستقبل، مؤشر Youden لتحديد الجنس باستخدام أبعاد اليد. تم استخدام الاحتمال البعدي ونسبة الاحتمال لتحديد الفروقات لصالح كل فئة من أبعاد اليد في التمييز الجنسي. وقد لوحظ مثنوية شكل جنسية ذات دلالة إحصائية في طول واتساع اليد مع ارتفاع القيم المتوسطة في الذكور. وتراوح التباين في الجنس الموضح بمعلمات اليد بين 38.50% - 51.35% (الحدود الدنيا / العليا) إلى 52.98% - 70.66%، والتي تم عرضها من خلال طول اليد اليمنى واتساع اليد اليسرى على التوالي. وتراوح التنبؤ العام والنسبة المئوية للتمييز بين الجنسين بين 80.40% و 86.70% والتي تم عرضها من خلال طول اليد اليمنى واتساع اليد على التوالي. ولوحظ أن اتساع اليد اليســــرى أظهر ارتفاع مؤشر Younden مع منطقة تحت المنحنى (AUC) تتراوح بين 91.60% - 96.05%. ووجد أن طول اليدين> 189.99 مم كان يدل على أصل ذكوري واتساع اليد > 79.99 مم كان يدل على أصل ذكوري. وكانت جميع فئات معلمات اليد التي تزيد فيها نسبة الاحتمال عن واحد تدل على أصل ذكوري. The identification of an individual in mass disasters and traffic accidents is a fundamental goal in forensic investigations. However, it is suggested that every population needs anthropological reference data. The objectives of this study were to determine the potential and accuracy of hand length and hand breadth in sex determination among the Hausa population of Nigeria. Random sampling was employed to select 204 male and 194 female subjects aged 18-30 years. Hand length and hand breadth were measured using standard protocols. Two-sample t-test, binary logistic regression, receiver operating characteristics curve, and Youden’s index were used for determining sex using hand dimensions. Posterior probability and likelihood ratio were used to determine the favor odds of each category of hand dimension in sex discrimination.A significant sexual dimorphism was observed in hand length and hand breadth with higher mean values in males. The variance of sex explained by hand parameters ranges from 38.50/51.35% (lower/upper limits) to 52.98/70.66%, which were exhibited by right hand length and left hand breadth respectively. The overall prediction and percentage accuracy of sex discrimination ranges between 80.40 to 86.70 % that were exhibited by right hand length and handbreadth respectively. We observed that left hand breadth exhibited higher Younden’s index with an area under curve (AUC) ranging from 91.60% to 96.05%. We found that hand length of > 189.99 mm was indicative of male origin and hand breadth of > 79.99 mm was indicative of male origin.
Problems Faced by Families of the Saudi Martyrs and Injured People and Ways to Reduce them from a Social Work Perspective
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على المشكلات التي تواجه أسر الشهداء السعوديين في جميع الأنساق (الصغرى والوسطى والكبرى) ومدى كفاية الخدمات المطلوبة لهم من المسؤولين والصعوبات التي تعترضها مع وضع تصور مقترح من منظور الخدمة الاجتماعية لمواجهتها وقد استخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ومنهج المسح الاجتماعي بالعينة العمدية ممن تنطبق عليهم الشروط الخاصة بالعينة.
تكونت عينة الدراسة من أربع وسبعين أسرة من أسر الشهداء السعوديين والمصابين، وتم جمع العينة باستخدام الاستبانة طبقاً لأهداف الدراسة، وتم تحليل البيانات كميًّا وكيفيًّا بعد ربطها بالنظريات والدراسات السابقة والإطار النظري، وقد تم استخدام العديد من المعالجات الإحصائية المناسبة، وأكدت نتائج الدراسة أن أسر الشهداء والمصابين قد تأثرت بمشكلات من أهمها شعور أسرة الشهيد بالحزن والوحدة بعد الاستشهاد، وأكدت النتائج أن هناك العديد من الخدمات التي تم تقديمها بالفعل لأسر الشهداء والمصابين، بينما لا تزال هناك خدمات أخرى هذه الأسر بحاجة إليها، ومن أهم الصعوبات التي تعترض تقديم الخدمات للمستفيدين عدم معرفة أسرة الشهيد بحقوقهم.
وقد انتهت الدراسة إلى تصور مقترح من وجهة نظر الباحثة للحد من المشكلات التي تواجه أسر الشهداء والمصابين من منظور الخدمة الاجتماعية، يتضمن أهدافًا وإستراتيجيات وأدوارًا وأساليب مهنية ومنفذين، ومجموعة من التوصيات التي تتعلق بتقديم الخدمات، ومنها على سبيل المثال المندوب الزائر والفريق الميداني لمتابعة أسر الشهداء في بيوتهم وغيرها من التوصيات الأخرى.This study aimed to identify the problems facing the families of Saudi martyrs and injured people to all degrees (minor, moderate and major moderate and major) and the adequacy of the services provided to them, the difficulties in providing them, and to develop a proposed vision from the perspective of social work to face them.
The study used the social survey method through the intentional sample. The sample of the study consisted of 74 individual families of Saudi martyrs and injured people. The sample was collected using the questionnaire tool. The results of the study confirmed that the families of martyrs and injured people have been affected by problems, the most important of which are the feelings of sadness and loneliness.
The results confirmed that many services have already been provided to the families of the martyrs and the injured, while others are still needed.
One of the most important difficulties in providing services to beneficiaries is that the families of martyrs and injured people do not know their rights
The Role of the Media in Facing Pandemics and Infectious Diseases: the Corona Virus Pandemic as a Model
No full textتناولت الدراسة دور الِإعلام في مواجهة الأوبئة والأمراض المعدية: وباء فيروس كورونا نموذجًا، وهدفت إلى بيان أهمية الِإعلام الصحّي ودوره في نشر الوعي بطرق الوقاية من الأوبئة والأمراض المعدية، والتعرف على الشائعات التي رافقت ظهور وباء فيروس كورونا ومعرفة توجّهاتها، وتناولت آراء عدد من المختصين والباحثين والكتاب والِإعلاميين في كيفية تعامل الِإعلام مع وباء كورونا، وكيف قدّمه، ودوره في زيادة الوعي بطرق الوقاية من الوباء، وذلك خلال فترة ظهور الوباء حتى نهاية شهر مايو 2020، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الاستطلاعي أو الاستكشافي لإجراء الدراسة.
وتم التوصل إلى عدد من النتائج، أهمها أن وسائل الِإعلام التقليدية تتمتع بثقة أكبر لدى الجمهور من وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي المستحدثة خلال الأزمات، وهذا ما بينته الدراسة في أزمة وباء كورونا، وأوضحت أن بعض الحكومات العالمية والعربية منها لا تتعامل بشفافية ووضوح مع وسائل الِإعلام أوقات الأزمات، واتخذت من وباء كورونا ذريعة لتشديد رقابتها على وسائل الِإعلام، كما بيّنت الدراسة أن وسائل الِإعلام بشكل عام أسهمت إلى حد كبير في نشر الوعي الصحّي بطرق الوقاية من مرض كورونا، وفتحت المجال على نحو واسع لتبادل الآراء بين المختصين حول أفضل الطرق للوقاية منه والتعامل معه.This study looked at the role of the media in facing pandemics and infectious diseases, in particular the Coronavirus pandemic as a model. It aimed to clarify the importance of health media and its role in promoting awareness of how to prevent pandemics and infectious diseases and to identify rumours related to the Coronavirus pandemic and look into their trends. The study included the views of a number of specialists, researchers, writers, and media professionals on how the media dealt with the Corona pandemic, how it presented it, and its role in raising awareness of ways to prevent it during the period of the pandemic’s spread until the end of May 2020. The researcher used the exploratory approach to conduct the study.
The study arrived at a number of results, the most important of which is that the public have more confidence in traditional media than social media during crises; this is what the study showed in the Corona pandemic crisis. The study clarified that some Arab and international governments do not deal clearly and transparently with the media in times of crisis and that they took the Corona pandemic as an excuse to tighten their control over the media. The study also showed that the media contributed to spreading health awareness of the methods of preventing Corona and opened the way for exchanging opinions between specialists on the best ways to prevent and deal with it
Integrating Light-Weight Cryptography with Diacritics Arabic Text Steganography Improved for Practical Security Applications
No full textCryptography and steganography are combined to provide practical data security. This paper proposes integrating light-weight cryptography with improved Arabic text steganography for optimizing security applications. It uses light-weight cryptography to cope with current limited device capabilities, to provide acceptable required security. The work tests hiding encrypted secret information within Arabic stego-cover texts, using all common diacritics found naturally in the Arabic language. The study considers different challenging situations and scenarios in order to evaluate security practicality. It further carries out simulations on some short texts from the Holy Quran, taking them as standard authentic texts, that are fixed and trusted, therefore providing realistic study feedback that is worth monitoring. Our improved approach features preferred capacity and security, surpassing the best previous diacritics stego approach, showing interesting potential results for attractive enlightening exploration to come.Cryptography and steganography are combined to provide practical data security. This paper proposes integrating light-weight cryptography with improved Arabic text steganography for optimizing security applications. It uses light-weight cryptography to cope with current limited device capabilities, to provide acceptable required security. The work tests hiding encrypted secret information within Arabic stego-cover texts, using all common diacritics found naturally in the Arabic language. The study considers different challenging situations and scenarios in order to evaluate security practicality. It further carries out simulations on some short texts from the Holy Quran, taking them as standard authentic texts, that are fixed and trusted, therefore providing realistic study feedback that is worth monitoring. Our improved approach features preferred capacity and security, surpassing the best previous diacritics stego approach, showing interesting potential results for attractive enlightening exploration to come