Southern perspective / Perspectiva austral
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Culture as a constitutive dimension of social life: theoretical proposals of Raymond Williams and Clifford Geertz. Convergences and divergences
Get PDFClifford Geertz, in his seminal work “The Interpretation of Cultures” (1973), proposes that culture should be understood as a system of symbolic meanings that are interpreted rather than seeking laws through experimentation. Geertz stresses that culture is a web of meanings and that anthropology should focus on the interpretation of these symbolic meanings. His semiotic perspective holds that culture is a text that people read and create to make sense of their experiences. On the other hand, Raymond Williams criticizes the base-superstructure model, arguing that culture is an active meaning-making process that permeates all social actions. Williams argues that cultural practices are both social and material and that the economy is intrinsically linked to culture. Both authors agree that culture is fundamental to understanding social actions and history. Geertz focuses on symbolic interpretation, while Williams stresses the relationship between culture and economics, proposing a view of cultural materialism that incorporates cultural production as an essential part of social life. Culture, according to Williams, must be seen as an integral process that includes conflict and change, and not simply as isolated products of society. In abstract, the work of Geertz and Williams provides a profound understanding of culture as a web of symbolic meanings that must be interpreted in order to understand social dynamics and historical processe
Community participation in the Latin American context: Bibliometric Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: community participation and outreach constitute one of the key work tools for each science. Despite the existence of previous studies on this topic, it is necessary to have an overview of the current state of knowledgeObjective: characterizes the scientific publications grouped in Scopus regarding community participation in the Latin American contextMethod: A bibliometric study was developed. 5 832 publications were analyzed as the research universe. Bibliometric indicators were applied from the Scopus database and the Scival tool.Results: Articles published in 2022 predominated with 988 investigations (16,94 %). The thematic areas of social sciences stood out (2,639 investigations; 45,25 %). The relationship between the different thematic areas was mostly heterogeneous, with greater participation from the medical sciences. Articles published in research article format stood out with 4,196 investigations, equivalent to 71,94 %. The largest number of articles was published in journals located in quartile 1 (Q1) with 2,407 investigations (41,27 %). The researches with authors from the United States (4 933 articles; 84,58 %) and Canada (885 works; 15,17 %) stood out.Conclusions: scientific production on community participation in the Latin American context was characterized by gradual growth. In turn, in correlation with a heterogeneous behavior of the branches of sciences involved in scientific activity. The center of the research responds to original articles located in the countries with the highest rate of scientific activit
Development of political leadership skills in Panamanian children through the virtual program: Niño Presidente
Get PDFFrom infancy, we absorb influences from our caregivers and environment that shape us. As we grow up, these stimuli shape our future decisions, from financial matters to our political participation. Early understanding of the consequences of our actions makes us more conscientious citizens. It is essential to educate children in moral values and in their ability to be agents of change in society. The "Child President" model proposes to teach children from a young age about their rights and responsibilities, enabling them to address real problems with creativity and leadershi
Reading comprehension levels in mestizo children from La Guajira: a comparative analysis between literary and scientific texts
Get PDFThis study analyzes the levels of reading comprehension, both literal and inferential, in white mestizo children of 11 and 12 years of age from schools in the Department of La Guajira, Colombia. The results obtained in two types of texts are compared: artistic-recreational and techno-scientific. A sample of 106 children in 5th grade of elementary school, from 14 schools distributed in 5 zones of the department, were given 424 reading tests. The evaluation instruments were based on the approaches of authors such as Ramos Chagoya, De Zubiría, Martínez and Cuentas. The results reveal that the averages of literal comprehension in artistic-recreational texts are significantly higher than those of inferential comprehension in these texts. Similarly, a significant difference is observed in favor of literal comprehension in artistic-recreational texts compared to literal comprehension in techno-scientific texts. As for the comparison between literal and inferential comprehension in techno-scientific texts, no significant difference was found. However, a significant difference was found between literal comprehension of artistic-recreational texts and low literal comprehension in techno-scientific texts. In relation to the percentage of students who passed the reading comprehension tests, it was observed that this was higher in the cases of literal comprehension in both artistic-recreational and techno-scientific texts, compared to inferential comprehension in techno-scientific texts. The study shows significant gaps in the reading comprehension levels of mestizo children from La Guajira, according to the type of text and the level of comprehension (literal or inferential). These findings suggest the need to implement pedagogical strategies that strengthen inferential comprehension of texts, particularly in the scientific and technical fields
Soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of administration at a university in northern Lima
Get PDFThe search for a job by students who are about to graduate from their universities has become very complex because the current market and the recruitment of new personnel in different companies has become very demanding, since companies currently have their sights set on people who are not only good professionals and have technical knowledge, because what is required now is personnel who can develop, providing ideas and solutions in different internal conflicts, to be able to cope with situations of uncertainty. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to determine the relationship between soft skills and the labor market insertion of students in the last cycles of a university in northern Lima in the year 2023. The present research is of a basic type, it presents a descriptive correlational scope of non-experimental cross-sectional design, showing a hypothetical deductive method and quantitative approach. Through the use of the questionnaire of questions, by means of the Likert scale, it allowed obtaining data from a total population of 119 students, taking as a random sample a total of 94 students. At the conclusion of the surveys it was obtained that the Rho Spearman relationship shows a result of .703 between variable 1 Soft Skills and variable 2 Job placement, in turn, the bilateral significance level is 0,01 which shows that there is a high positive correlation between the 2 variables mentioned. The conclusion is that soft skills are significantly related to labor market insertion, alluding that they are important and participate in the labor market insertion process, and that they are taken into account by companies who are looking for new collaborators capable of resolving conflicts and possessing these skills, which increase productivity within a compan
The Bolivian political system within the socio-political conception of Álvaro García Linera
Get PDFIntroduction:The study analyzed the evolution of Political Science from a Latin American perspective, highlighting the need to understand the region’s political systems without applying rigid Western models. The case of Bolivia was emphasized, where the political system underwent significant changes with the rise to power of Evo Morales and Álvaro García Linera in 2006. The 2009 Constitution represented a key transformation by incorporating plurinationality and redefining the structure of the State based on popular interests.Development: The analysis of Bolivia’s political system was based on general systems theory and García Linera’s thought. Five fundamental aspects of state reconfiguration were identified: the shift in class hegemony, the inclusion of new leaderships, the redistribution of power, the institutionalization of political pluralism, and the participation of social organizations. The 2009 Constitution consolidated Bolivia as a unitary, plurinational, and community-based State, granting greater autonomy to indigenous peoples and establishing new dynamics in the exercise of power.Conclusion: The study concluded that Bolivia’s political system underwent a structural transformation based on principles of communal democracy and pluralism. The hegemony of popular sectors and the decentralization of power marked a break with the traditional model. The influence of García Linera’s thought was key to shaping this system, as it incorporated the active participation of grassroots social movements in decision-making
Importance of the knowledge and uses of popular music in the social learning of students
Get PDFThe present work seeks to raise awareness of the knowledge and use of popular music, which affect the social learning of the students of the Faculty of Education of the University of La Guajira. The transcendence and the roots of popular music, especially the vallenato in the daily life of the students of this population, the learning for life. Once the application instruments and all the epistemological theoretical reference were designed, we proceeded to the application of the measurement tools. The interviews with the students were conducted at the Faculty of Education of the University of La Guajira. Critical judgment experts were interviewed in the cities of Riohacha and Valledupar. Analysis, interpretation, segmentation and codification of the responses were recorded in the qualitative analysis matrix designed for this purpose. A preliminary conclusion was made for each question and served as input for the results, conclusions and final recommendations of the project. The work shows the decipherment and social consensus that vallenato music is a frame of reference fixed by culture and that its meaning is only understandable in relation to the determined social context. This scenario or context fixes the communicative role of music in the individual. When interpreting the imaginaries that most affect the social learning of the students of the Faculty of Education in relation to the use of vallenata music, both the voices of the students and the experts, a strong inclination towards machismo and hedonistic behavior is foun
Analysis of farmers\u27 imaginary around the transition and adoption of the new livestock reconversion model in the municipality of Cartagena del Chairá
Get PDFTraditional livestock systems have generated unfavorable changes in the ecosystem and, in turn, its management does not present sustainability in the property that runs it as the main economic activity. Therefore, the imaginary of the producer regarding the approach of livestock reconversion from traditional livestock systems to sustainable systems is unknown. The work was carried out on the Los Laureles farm, belonging to the municipality of Cartagena del Chairá, which presented extensive livestock farming as the only activity that generates economic resources. Data collection was carried out through an interview. In results and discussion, three perceptions focused on technical-productive, socio-humanistic and economic areas were obtained. The perception of the producer was positive, although the implementation of the reconversion presents external factors that directly influence the economy and availability of time of the farme
Identification of rural contexts associated with cane cultivation Panelera: Santa Rita farm, Vereda Aguas Claras, Municipality of Albania, Caquetá
Get PDFDespite the fact that the cultivation of sugarcane is not a very profitable production system due to the instability of the prices of panela in the international, national and local markets due to its competition with other sweetening products, the producer of the Santa Rita farm decided to bet on the implementation of this crop as the first agricultural system, However, the motivations that led him to make this decision were unknown, therefore, the objective of this research was to identify the reasons that led the producer to opt for the production of sugarcane as the first agricultural system taking into account the livestock background in the Santa Rita farm, municipality of Albania Caquetá. The research was carried out under the historical hermeneutic line, with a qualitative approach, an interview was conducted for the collection of data that were later triangulated. It was obtained that the producer, in spite of not knowing the agronomic requirements of the crop, recognizes the role that it has within the soil system, in addition, the lack of technical assistance at the moment of starting a new productive system is evidence
An Analysis of Socio-environmental Resistance in México
Get PDFIntroduction: The article analyzed socio-environmental resistances as a mechanism of struggle employed by communities and territories to defend themselves from external agents threatening their environment. It highlighted the opposition between a communitarian vision of the environment and the capitalist logic of exploitation, evidencing the constant repression and violence exercised against those who defend their territory.Development: From the perspective of political ecology, a perspective was presented that made it possible to understand socio-environmental resistance not only as a reaction, but as an articulated strategy in defense of life. It was emphasized that the struggle should not be limited to a theory, but should be translated into concrete actions that guarantee the continuity of resistance. It was mentioned that the climate and social crisis represented imminent threats to humanity, and that ignoring them would mean accepting environmental and social devastationConclusions: The article concluded that vindicating and replicating socio-environmental struggles was fundamental for the protection of the planet and communities. A call was made to not forget those who sacrificed their lives for the cause, highlighting the importance of continuing the battle in different contexts. Resistance was presented as an act of hope and a commitment to the future of humanity