OJS University of Karbala
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Evaluation of the Relationship Between Integrons and Class A and B Carbapenem Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections
No full textRecently Carbapenem resistant reports increased among E.coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infection. Otherwise integrons are genetic elements with ability of integration of resistance gene cassettes in their structure facilitating the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. The study highlighting the detection of carbapenem resistance genes in Escherichia coli and how they are affected by the bacterial integron from 200 patients with Urinary tract infection. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Al-Sadder Medical City in Al-Najaf from the first of September to end of December 2024. E .coli isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests and VITEK-2®System, while biofilm formation tested by Congo red agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic detection of carbapenemase were done using VITEK-2 AST card with disk diffusion and mCIM methods respectively. The presence of carbapenemase gene (bla-KPC, bla-GES, bla-NDM, bla-VIM and bla-IMP), Int-1and Int-2 were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 49 (24.5%) isolates of Eschericichia coli were identified from which 38(78%) were biofilm producers. Antibiotic resistant recorded in low rate to imipenem (20.4%), meropenem (22% (and ertapenem (24%). All E.coli isolates were MDR 46(94%) except 3(6%) were XDR. The positive results of Modified Carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM) recorded in 13 isolates. The gene bla-KPC found in 6(46%) isolates, bla-NDM in 11(85%) isolates and bla-VIM in 3(23%) isolates. Neither bla-GES nor bla-IMP genes were found. All isolate have Int-1 while only 1 isolate have Int-2. The presence of integrons mainly class-1 encourage Carbapenem and multi-drug resistant, indicating their role in enhancing and spreading resistant genes
Evaluation of GDF11 And Lipid Profile in Diabetic Dyslipidemia
No full textBackground
Diabetic dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, has a role in metabolic regulation, vascular health, and aging, but its role in diabetic dyslipidemia remains unclear.
Patients and Methods:
A comparative analysis was conducted between diabetic patients with dyslipidemia and those without. Serum GDF11 concentrations and lipid parameters were measured, along with additional markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Statistical analysis was performed to assess group differences and correlations.
Result: GDF11 shows a strong positive correlation with total cholesterol and triglycerides in diabetic patients, suggesting a role in lipid abnormalities, while no significant association is seen with HDL or LDL. A modest positive correlation is also observed between GDF11 and AST, indicating a possible link to liver involvement. Hematological findings reveal distinct patterns between diabetic patients with and without dyslipidemia. Those without dyslipidemia exhibit higher WBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets, reflecting greater inflammatory and immune activity. In contrast, patients with dyslipidemia have elevated erythrocytic indices (hemoglobin, RBC count, hematocrit, and MCHC), indicating altered red cell production. Additionally, RDW and platelet indices are higher in the non-dyslipidemia group, suggesting increased variability in cell size. Overall, dyslipidemia in diabetes is associated with enhanced erythropoietic changes, while non-dyslipidemic patients display stronger inflammatory and platelet responses
Conclusion:
Higher GDF11 levels are strongly associated with higher LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. GDF11 also rises with HDL, but less strongly compared to LDL/TC. This suggests that GDF11 may play a role in lipid metabolism regulation, possibly being more tightly linked to lipid markers (LDL, TG, TC) than protective HDL
New Type of Generalized Continuous Functions in Proximity Topological Space
No full textThe paper deals with the importance of the continuum theory as a mathematical concept and its great role in solving many problems. Since the term proximity is a modern term, we were able in this research to answer a very important question: Is it possible to study types of continuity in proximity space like the types found in the usual topological space? In this research, we were able to find a type of continuity continuous) and obtain many results, relying on proximity theories and the different definitions of proximity space, and we were able to link them to the new definition that was established.The paper deals with the importance of the continuum theory as a mathematical concept and its great role in solving many problems. Since the term proximity is a modern term, we were able in this research to answer a very important question: Is it possible to study types of continuity in proximity space like the types found in the usual topological space? In this research, we were able to find a type of continuity continuous) and obtain many results, relying on proximity theories and the different definitions of proximity space, and we were able to link them to the new definition that was established
On skew C1C2-Symmetric operators
No full text Let C1 and C2 be conjugation operators, both of which are antilinear, isometric, and involution mappings, defined on a separable complex Hilbert space . This paper introduces the concept of skew -symmetric operators ( -S.O). A bounded linear operator A on is classified as a -S.O. if it satisfies the condition ( C1A = -A⁕ C2 ), or equivalently, ( A = -C1 A* C2 ). We examine and analyze several fundamental properties of such operators and provide a concrete example to illustrate this notion.
Let C1 and C2 be conjugation operators, both of which are antilinear, isometric, and involution mappings, defined on a separable complex Hilbert space . This paper introduces the concept of skew -symmetric operators ( -S.O). A bounded linear operator A on is classified as a -S.O. if it satisfies the condition ( C1A = -A⁕ C2 ), or equivalently, ( A = -C1 A* C2 ). We examine and analyze several fundamental properties of such operators and provide a concrete example to illustrate this notion
Natural Radioactivity Levels in Tap and Bottled Water Samples for Some Primary Schools of Karbala Governorate, Iraq
No full textNatural radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were assessed in 10 tap water samples collected from different schools in Karbala govenorate, as well as 5 commercial bottled drinking water samples. The activity concentrations were measured using gamma spectrometry with a NaI(Tl) 3"×3" detector equipped with a specially designed shield. In tap water samples, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from <0.063 to 0.817, <0.067 to 0.493, and <0.117 to 9.896 Bq·L⁻¹, respectively. For bottled water, 226Ra and 232Th concentrations were below the Minimum Detectable Actictivity (MDA), while 40K ranged from <0.117 to 8.180 Bq·L⁻¹. Overall, tap water samples exhibited higher concentrations than bottled water. The measured values for tap water were within the ranges reported in the literature for other countries. Health implications were estimated by calculating the annual effective dose received by school-age children due to ingestion of radionuclides. The average values of annual effective dose in tap and bottled water were 85.05 and 36.40 μSv·y-1 respectively. All calculated doses were below the global mean level of 100 μSv·y-1, as reported by World Health Organization (WHO). It is therefore concluded that both tap water and bottled water consumed in schools of Karbala Governorate are radiologically safe and pose no significant health hazard to the public.
Natural radioactivity levels of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K were assessed in 10 tap water samples collected from different schools in Karbala govenorate, as well as 5 commercial bottled drinking water samples. The activity concentrations were measured using gamma spectrometry with a NaI(Tl) 3"×3" detector equipped with a specially designed shield. In tap water samples, the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K ranged from <0.063 to 0.817, <0.067 to 0.493, and <0.117 to 9.896 Bq·L⁻¹, respectively. For bottled water, 226Ra and 232Th concentrations were below the Minimum Detectable Actictivity (MDA), while 40K ranged from <0.117 to 8.180 Bq·L⁻¹. Overall, tap water samples exhibited higher concentrations than bottled water. The measured values for tap water were within the ranges reported in the literature for other countries. Health implications were estimated by calculating the annual effective dose received by school-age children due to ingestion of radionuclides. The average values of annual effective dose in tap and bottled water were 85.05 and 36.40 μSv·y-1 respectively. All calculated doses were below the global mean level of 100 μSv·y-1, as reported by World Health Organization (WHO). It is therefore concluded that both tap water and bottled water consumed in schools of Karbala Governorate are radiologically safe and pose no significant health hazard to the public
Human Resource Flexibility and its role in Job Maturity: An analytical study of the opinions of a sample of employees in private hospitals in Sulaymaniyah Governorate
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف على دور مرونة الموارد البشرية في تحقيق النضج الوظيفي في عدد من المستشفيات الخاصة بمحافظة السليمانية، والتي بلغ عددها (8) مستشفيات. وبعد مراجعة الأدبيات والدراسات السابقة ذات الصلة، تم صياغة الإطار النظري، وبناء النموذج المفاهيمي وفرضيات البحث، وذلك استنادًا إلى مفهومي مرونة الموارد البشرية والنضج الوظيفي. وبناءً على طبيعة البحث وأهدافها، تم تبني المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، كما تم استخدام استمارة الاستبيان كأداة رئيسة لجمع البيانات الخاصة بالجانب الميداني. وقد تم توزيع (100) استمارة على عينة من الموظفين العاملين في المستشفيات الخاصة بمحافظة السليمانية، واستُرجع منها (81) استمارة، بينما بلغ عدد الاستمارات الصالحة للتحليل الإحصائي (61) استمارة. ولتحليل البيانات، تم استخدام مجموعة من الأساليب الإحصائية، من بينها اختبار ألفا كرونباخ للتحقق من الصدق والثبات، والتحليل العاملي، والارتباط البسيط، ونمذجة المعادلات الهيكلية، باستخدام برنامجي (SPSS-24) و(AMOS-24). وقد أظهرت نتائج البحث وجود علاقة ارتباط وتأثير معنوي بين المتغير المستقل والمتغير التابع واستناداً إلى هذه النتائج، تم تقديم عدد من التوصيات، من أبرزها: ضرورة تعزيز قدرات العاملين على اتخاذ القرارات، وتشجيع ثقافة العمل الجماعي وتحمل المسؤولية، بالإضافة إلى توفير بيئة عمل محفزة تدعم التفكير النقدي والتعلم من الأخطاء، بما يسهم في تعزيز النضج الوظيفي لدى العاملين.This research aims to identify the role of human resources flexibility in achieving job maturity in a number of private hospitals in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, which numbered (8) hospitals. After reviewing the relevant literature and previous studies, the theoretical framework was developed, along with the construction of the conceptual model and research hypotheses based on the concepts of human resource flexibility and job maturity. Based on the nature and objectives of the study, the descriptive-analytical approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the main tool for collecting field data. A total of (100) questionnaires were distributed among employees working in private hospitals in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, of which (81) were returned, and (61) were deemed valid for statistical analysis. To analyze the data, several statistical methods were employed, including Cronbach’s Alpha to verify reliability and validity, factor analysis, simple correlation, and structural equation modeling, using)SPSS-24( and )AMOS-24( software. The results revealed a significant correlation and impact relationship between the independent and dependent variables. Based on these findings, several recommendations were proposed, most notably the need to enhance employees’ decision-making abilities, encourage a culture of teamwork and responsibility, and provide a motivating work environment that supports critical thinking and learning from mistakes, all of which contribute to strengthening employees’ job maturit
Strategic Thinking and Its Impact on Sustainable Performance
No full textهدفت الدراسة إلى اختبار تأثير التفكير الاستراتيجي بأبعاده (القصد الاستراتيجي، التفكير في الوقت، الفرضيات الموجهة، اقتناص الفرص والتفكير النظمي) في تعزيز الأداء المستدام بأبعاده (الاداء الاجتماعي، البيئي والاقتصادي)، وتمثلت مشكلة الدراسة في التساؤل الرئيس: هل يؤثر التفكير الاستراتيجي في الأداء المستدام؟ وبرزت أهميتها عن طريق تناولها لمتغيرين أساسيين في إدارة الأعمال في قطاع التعليم العالي الخاص نظرًا لدورها في دعم التعليم وتأثيره المجتمعي. اذ تم اختيار جامعة وارث الأنبياء في كربلاء ميداناً للتطبيق اذ تم توزيع استبانة على (110) من القيادات الأكاديمية والإدارية، وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام (SPSS.v.26) وأظهرت النتائج وجود تأثير وعلاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية بين التفكير الاستراتيجي بأبعاده في الأداء المستدام. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تعزيز ممارسات التفكير الاستراتيجي لدى القيادات الجامعية لتحقيق الاستدامة الجامعية.The study aimed to test the impact of strategic thinking with its dimensions (intent focused, thinking in time, hypotheses driven, intelligent opportunism and systems perspective) on enhancing sustainable performance with its dimensions (social performance, environmental performance, and economic performance). The study problem was represented in the question: Does strategic thinking affect sustainable performance? Its importance emerged through its treatment of two basic variables in business administration in the private higher education sector due to its role in supporting education and its societal impact. The University of Warith Al-Anbiya in Kerbala was chosen as a field of application, where a questionnaire was distributed to (110) academic and administrative leaders. The data were analyzed using , and the results showed the presence of an impact and a direct correlation with significant impact between strategic thinking and its dimensions on sustainable performance. The study recommended the necessity of enhancing strategic thinking practices among university leaders to achieve university sustainability.
Inspirational Leadership and Its Role in Achieving Marketing Excellence
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى استكشاف دور القيادة الملهمة في تحقيق التميز التسويقي، وقد تم التعامل مع القيادة الملهمة بوصفها المتغير الرئيسي المستقل، وشملت أبعادها (الثقة بالنفس، تمكين العاملين، إدارة التغيير، والتوجه الاستراتيجي)، أما التميز التسويقي فمثّل المتغير الرئيسي المعتمد، وتضمَّن ابعاده (جودة الخدمة، الاحتفاظ بالزبائن، الإبداع التسويقي، والقدرات الجوهرية)، وتم اجراء البحث على عينة مكوّنة من (111) منتسبًا في كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد بجامعة كربلاء. جُمعت البيانات باستخدام الاستبيانات، وتم تحليلها بأدوات إحصائية، منها معامل ارتباط بيرسون، عبر برنامج SPSS V.25. كشفت النتائج عن وجود علاقة ارتباط إيجابية ذات دلالة إحصائية بين القيادة الملهمة والتميز التسويقي، وتخلص البحث إلى أن تعزيز خصائص القيادة الملهمة يساهم بشكل فاعل في رفع مستوى الأداء التسويقي، وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة تبني برامج تدريبية ممنهجة تهدف إلى تطوير مهارات القيادة الملهمة لدى القيادات الإدارية داخل الكلية المبحوثة.This research aims to explore the role of inspirational leadership in achieving marketing excellence. Inspirational leadership was treated as the main independent variable, including the dimensions of self-confidence, employee empowerment, change management, and strategic orientation. Marketing excellence represented the main dependent variable and included the dimensions of service quality, customer retention, marketing innovation, and core competencies. The study was conducted on a sample of )111(employees at the College of Administration and Economics, University of Karbala. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed through statistical tools, including Pearson’s correlation coefficient, using SPSS V.25. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between inspirational leadership and marketing excellence. The study concludes that enhancing the traits of inspirational leadership contributes effectively to improving marketing performance. It recommended the adoption of structured training programs aimed at developing inspirational leadership skills among the administrative leaders within the studied college
صناعة السياحة في استثمار مقومات المكان دراسة حقلية (سلطنة عمان)
No full textعدة الجبال احد مظاهر سطح الارض وهي نتيجة لعوامل طبيعية تعود في تكوينها الى الحركات الارضية البانية سواء كانت في القارات او تحت مياه البحار والمحيطات , وهذا يعود لحركة الصفائح الارضية بشكل عام. ولأشكالها وطبيعتها وارتفاعها اثر في تأثير العوامل الطبيعية فيها ,وانتاج مظاهر يمكن استثمارها بأوجه متعددة بشرط ادارتها ادارة حكيمة عندها ستكون ركيزة من ركائز التنمية الشاملة.
يوجد في سلطنة عمان عدة سلاسل جبلية واهمها جبال الحجر (الشرقي والغربي) وهذه تمثل العمود الفقري لأرض السلطنة حيث تمتد من الشرق الى الغرب ابتداء من صور حيث سواحل بحر العرب الى عبري حيث الحدود مع العين (الامارات العربية المتحدة) وفيها اعلى القمم الجبلية (الجبل الأخضر, والرستاق ,وقمة شمس 3009 م) وفي اقصى الشمال توجد جبال مسندم وهذه الجبال تعانق مياه مضيق مسندم وبانحدار شديد جدا حيث تتداخل مياه المضيق داخل الجبال. فضلا عن وجود ثلاث قمم في الغرب في ظفار وهي جبال القمر وقرا و سمحان علما بأن هذه الجبال تتأثر بالرياح الموسمية لتكون لوحة خضراء ووديان متدفقة يغلفها الضباب في صيف يحرق الجزيرة العربية.
يتناول البحث ( المقومات السياحية في جبال الرستاق الامكانيات والاشكاليات) يطرح البحث كيفية استثمار هذه الجبال من حيث بنائها ,و كهوفها ,وعيونها الحارة ,ووديانها ,ارتفاعها حيت يعمها درجات حرارة منخفضة تسمح ببناء منتجعات سياحية تستقطب الاف السياح في صيف ملتهب يعم الاقليم علما بان المنطقة يمر عليها مدار السرطان
البعد الجيوستراتيجي في التوجه الاستراتيجي التركي نحو الخليج العربي والبحر الاحمر
No full textلا غرو في القول، أن أهمية المناطق الجيوستراتيجية تنبع من مجموعة متغيرات لها ابعادها ومدلولاتها، وهو ما جعل منها مناطق اهتمام عالمي واقليمي ومحلي. وعند البحث في اهمية منطقة الخليج العربي والبحر الاحمر الجيوستراتيجية، ينبغي التطرق الى الموقع الجغرافي، واهميته السياسية والعسكرية والامنية، اقليمياً ودولياً. لذا ونظراً لأهمية المنطقتين ولارتباطهما مع بعض، عملت تركيا على تفعيل وجودها وتوظيف كافة امكانياتها لتحقيق مصالحها السياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية، وذلك عن طريق استخدام كافة وسائلها الصلبة والناعمة، لمنافسة القوى الاقليمية في تلك المنطقة. وعلى وفق رؤى مشترك