OJS University of Karbala
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Sestrin-2 as a Diagnostic Potential Biomarker for Diabetic Kidney Disease in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus
No full textBackground: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributing significantly to end-stage renal disease. Sestrin-2 (SESN2), a protein induced by stress that plays a role in oxidative stress response, autophagy, and metabolic control, has been identified as a potential biomarker candidate.
Methods: A case-control study involved one hundred and sixty patients who were diagnosed with T2DM. Blood analysis for sugar levels (FBG and HbA1c), lipid profile, renal function test, and albumin-to-creatinine ratio in urine (uACR) were assessed.
Results: The serum sestrin-2 levels were significantly elevated in patients with T2DM compared to healthy controls. Macroalbuminuria patients showed the highest sestrin-2 level (3.28 ± 1.22 ng/ml). However, the serum levels of sestrin-2 in the health group were (2.29 ± 0.59 ng/ml), in the normoalbuminuria group, there was a significant positive correlation between serum sestrin-2 levels with FBG, HbA1c, and High-density lipoprotein (HDL), and a negative correlation between sestrin-2 and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Moreover, in the microalbuminuria group, a significant positive correlation of a moderate effect size was observed between sestrin-2 level with body mass index (BMI). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Sestrin-2 was 0.933 at the cutoff value 3.91, with the sensitivity and specificity for differentiating macroalbuminuria from control being 100% and 75%, respectively.
Conclusions: The serum concentrations of sestrin-2 were markedly elevated in the study groups (normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria) compared to the healthy control group, suggesting its involvement in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as a complication of T2DM. Based on the findings, Sestrin-2 demonstrates a remarkable capacity for diagnosing DKD
Evaluating the efficiency of some plant extracts in controlling the different stages of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Diptera: Tephritidae)
No full textThis study examined the efficiency of cold aqueous extract of geranium, neem, and peppermint plants in mortality in different stages of the peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata. The results indicated that each of the three extracts had an effect on the third larval instar. The results showed that neem extract had the highest effect on the third larval instar. The cumulative corrected mortality rate after 72 hours reached 67.3%, while the corrected mortality rate of larvae due to the effect of peppermint extract was 58.6%. As for the geranium extract had the least effect among the three extracts on the larval stage, as the corrected cumulative mortality rate reached 52%. As for the effect of the aqueous extracts of the three plants on the stage of pupation, the neem extract was the most effective among the three extracts, as the highest rate of non-emergence of adults at a concentration of 7% was 30%. As for peppermint extract, the mortality rate was 10%, while for geranium extract, the mortality rate was 6%, There was no effect on the pupal stage at the concentration of 3%. These compounds also showed a clear effect in repelling the adult stage, as the geranium extract had a significant impact in repelling insects, as the insect repellency rate reached 72.16%. As for the neem plant extract, the insect repellent rate was 50.03%, while the peppermint plant extract showed a 62% repellent rate for B. zonata adults
Evaluation of information communication technology (ICTs) utilization among dry season vegetable farmers in Ejigbo local government area of Osun state, Nigeria
No full textInformation Communication Technology (ICTs) plays a pivotal role in enhancing dry-season vegetable production. The study assessed the evaluation of Information Communication Technology (ICT) utilization among dry-season vegetable farmers in Ejigbo local government area of Osun State. A structured interview schedule was used to collect information from 120 respondents for the study selected using a two-stage sampling procedure with the aid of purposive and random sampling techniques from 171 farmers constituting about 93%. Data obtained were analyzed with both descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation). The results show that more than half (65.8%) of the respondents were female, and three-quarters (75.0%) were married with mean age, household size, and years of formal education of 35±13.2, 5±1.38 and 5.15±1.38 respectively. Mobile phone was the major ICT used in facilitating input procurement with a weighted mean score (WMS) of 2.53 and delivery to farm (WMS=4.06) was the main purpose of ICT usage. The major constraints to ICT usage were inadequate capital (WMS=1.61) and the high cost of ICT tools (1.53). A significant and positive relationship exists between each age (r = 0.453), household size (r =-0.204), years of experience (r =-0.376), and the utilization of ICT. The study concluded that farmer\u27s use of ICTs was low and informed by socio-economic factors such as inadequate capital and the high cost of ICTs limiting purposeful usage. It is recommended that ICT infrastructural development should be prioritized in rural communities of Nigeria
The impact of quantitative feed limitation on broiler female chick production performance
No full textTwo hundred sixty female chicks, of the Ross 388 breed, have been acquired. The study participants consisted of two-week-old chicks. Following a random selection of twenty groups, each including thirteen chicks with a mean body weight, the groups were assigned to one of four treatments, with five replicates for each treatment. The research was conducted in the Department of Animal Science within the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences at the University of Sulaimani, Iraq from September 2, 2023, to November 15, 2023. The treatments included T0, which did not involve removal, T1 Remove feed for 6 hours within 24 hours (from 9 am to 3 pm), T2 feed removal for 9 hours within 24 hours (from 9 am to 6 pm), and T3 feed removal for 12 hours within 24 hours (from 9 am to 9 pm). Between 15 and 42 days of age, there were no discernible fluctuations in? any of the treatments for productive performance markers, except feed intake, which exhibited a significant disparity (P≤0.05). T3 and T2 (control) had the lowest amounts of food consumption were (3683.66 and 3905.75) g, while T0 was (4324.52) g the highest amount. The Production Index and the Economic Figure differed significantly in their characteristics. However, the changes in treatments mostly pertained to the age categories of 15-21, 22-28, and 29-42 days, particularly about live body weight and weight gain. These inequalities affected the attributes that contribute to successful performance. This study aimed to examine the influence of feed deprivation on the efficiency of female broiler chicks at different stages of development
Response of seeds and growth of Cassia fistula L. seedlings to immersion with different periods and concentrations of sulfuric and gibberellic acid
No full textThis study was conducted in the nursery of the Forestry Department, College of Agriculture and Forestry/University of Mosul. On Cassia fistula seeds during 4/10/2023 to 10/15/2023, they were treated with sulfuric acid at two concentrations 98% and 50% for different periods (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes) and then immersed in gibberellic acid at concentrations (0, 500, 1000 mg. L-1). The results showed that the 20-minute immersion treatment with sulfuric acid recorded the highest averages for the traits (germination percentage, germination speed, seedling height, dry weight of the vegetative group). The study also showed that sulfuric acid at a concentration of 98% was superior to 50% in the characteristics (germination percentage, germination speed, seedling height, number of leaves, and dry weight of the vegetative group), and gibberellic acid at a concentration of 500 mg. L-1 had a positive effect and recorded the highest averages in (germination percentage, germination speed, seedling height, number of leaves, dry weight of the vegetative group)
Optimizing micro propagation of artemisia dracunculus using tissue culture and growth regulators
No full textThe aim of current study was to micro propagation the tarragon plant by applying the plant tissue culture technique in establishing vegetative branch cultures. The laboratory work included conducting a number of experiments. The first experiment included testing the ability of NaOCl at different concentrations and durations to sterilize the explant used as a starting point for establishing tissue cultures, the second experiment included testing different concentrations of BA and NAA at concentrations of (0, 1, 1.5) mg L-1 and (0, 0.1) mg L-1 respectively for the establishment of tissue cultures, the third experiment included testing two types of cytokinine BA and 2IP at concentrations of (0, 1, 2, 3) mg L-1 and (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) mg L-1 respectively with presence of a fixed concentration of NAA 0.1 mg l-1 for the purpose of multiplying shoot cultures. The results of the study can be summarized as follows: The 1% concentration of the sterilizing substance NaOCl at the 15 minute period achieved the lowest contamination rate of 0% without affecting the vitality of the explant, The results of the second experiment included the superiority of the concentration of 1.5 mg L-1 BA in achieving the highest response rate of 65%, while the concentration of 0.1 mg L-1 NAA achieved the highest response rate of 60.33%, The results of the third experiment included the superiority of BA at the concentration of 2 mg L-1 in achieving the highest rate of branch number, lengths, and fresh and dry weight of the vegetative system, which reached 35.21 branches plant-1, 4.54 cm, 3.16 mg, and 1.05 mg respectively. While the 2IP achieved the highest rates of branch number and fresh and dry weights of the vegetative system at the concentration of 0.3 mg L-1 which reached 31.05 branch plant-1, 2.83 mg, and 0.93 mg, respectively, the highest rate of branch length was at the concentration of 0.2 mg L-1 which reached 3.31 cm
Isolation and molecular identification of fungi associated with root rot and head blight of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ain Al-Tamur district, Karbala province, Iraq
No full textThis study was conducted in the Graduate Studies Laboratory of the College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, with the aim of isolating and identifying fungi associated with root rot and head blight in wheat plants using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technology. PCR analysis results showed that the most pathogenic isolates were Alternaria infectoria (B9), Fusarium equiseti (K1), Fusarium oxysporum (A4), Fusarium culmorum (SH2), Fusarium equiseti (K6), and Fusarium pseudograminearum (F2). The fungal isolates were registered at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) under the accesstion numbers: PV769992.1, PV769993.1, PV769994.1, PV769995.1, PV769996.1, PV770002.1, respectively. The results also showed the frequent occurrence of several species of Fusarium in the studied samples
Effect of Vermicompost and Boron spraying on the Vegetative growth of Borago officinalis L.
No full textThe study was conducted in the fields of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering / College of Agriculture / University of Kerbala, Al-Hussainiya District for the winter agricultural season 2024. The study was implemented as Factorial experience according to the Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replicates. Two factors were added: vermicompost, a ground addition, at four concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 ml L-1), and boron, using a flower spray at four concentrations (0, 25, 50, and 75 mg L-1). The results showed that adding vermicompost at a concentration of (6 ml L-1) and spraying with boron at a concentration of (50 mg L-1) had a significant effect on all vegetative characteristics (plant height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, and number of shoot branches). The bilateral interactions between the two study factors had a significant effect on all vegetative characteristics, especially at the fertilizer level. 6 (ml L-1 )- and spraying with boron at a concentration of (50 mg L-1 ) - which gave the highest rates of plant height of )72.20 cm( compared to the control treatment, which recorded )28.02 cm(, and the stem diameter was )28.496 mm( compared to the control treatment, which recorded )22.82 mm(, and the number of leaves was )210.40 leaves per plant-1 (compared to the control treatment, which recorded )98.30 leaves per plant-1(, and the leaf area was )79.37 cm2 (compared to the control treatment, which recorded )48.84 cm2(, and the number of branches was )9.267 branches per plant-1 (compared to the control treatment, which recorded )3.60 branches per plant-1(
Annual occurrence of the wax scale insect Ceroplastis rusci (Linna) on Fig trees in the Al-Haidariya District of Najaf Governorate
No full textA study was conducted during the 2024/2025 season to determine the annual presence and population density of the wax-scale insect Ceroplastis rusci. The population density of non-Ovipositing adults was studied from September 1, 2024, to April 1, 2025, in a Fig orchard in Al-Haidariya District of Najaf Governorate. The field survey on Black Diyala Fig trees showed a clear variation in the population density of the insect throughout the year, with a sharp decline during the winter months (from the beginning of December to mid of February), where the lowest rate was recorded in December 2024 (0.54 insects/tree). The peak population density of the adult insect reached 6.98 insects/tree in September, while the numbers gradually declined as winter approached. The results showed significant differences between the different months of the year. The insect density peaked at the beginning of the first week of October 2024, when it began a continuous relative decline. The distribution of insect numbers across different tree levels and directions was also studied. The results showed that the insect is widely distributed in the surveyed areas. It was found that non- Ovipositing adults infest the upper surface of the leaf in the lower and middle levels of the tree in the first generation and they prefer the middle level only in the second generation. The survey results showed that the insect prefers the upper part in the third generation and the winter hibernation stage. The study also indicated that the insect\u27s spread depends on the location of the trees, wind direction, and surrounding environmental conditions, which significantly impact insect spread. The possibility of utilizing these results in designing a pest control program in the area where it is widespread was discussed
An Overview of Techniques for Various Image Segmentation: University of Information Technology &Communications, College of Business Informatics Technology, Business Information Technology Department , Baghdad, Iraq
No full textOne of the most important image processing tasks is thought to be image segmentation. The process of splitting or partitioning an image into what are known as segments is known as image segmentation. Since it is inefficient to process the entire image for these kinds of applications, it is mostly helpful for image compression and object recognition applications. In order to separate the portions of a picture for additional processing, image segmentation is utilized. Many image segmentation algorithms are available that divide a picture into multiple segments according to certain properties such as color, texture, and pixel intensity value. These methods are all grouped according on the segmentation approach that was applied. This study reviews and discusses numerous image segmentation approaches, and ends with a comparison of their benefits and drawbac