OJS University of Karbala
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Molecular identification and the effect of nanofertilization on growth traits of some maize genotypes
No full textMaize is an important crop. Plant fertilization plays an important role in improving and increasing crop productivity in a sustainable manner. In the fall season of 2023, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of different combinations of chemical and nano NPK fertilizers on some growth traits of five adopted genotypes, and to study the genetic variations at the molecular level. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used with split-plot arrangement and three replicates. The main plots included six treatments: five fertilizer combinations plus a control treatment (no fertilization). The sub plots included genotypes (three hybrids: Reserve, Jameson and AGN720 and two synthetic cultivars: Al Maha and Al Fajr). Results showed that a significant effect on almost all of the studied traits was due to fertilization levels, genotypes, and their interaction, as the use of 50% mineral + 50% nanofertilizer led to a significant increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of active leaves, leaf area and crop growth rate, which corded 206.4 cm, 19.18 mm, 12.2 leaf plant-1, 6416 cm2, and 4.651 gm plant-1 day-1, respectively. On the other hand, the values of the control treatment gave the lowest values. The synthetic varieties outperformed in most of the studied traits. The Al-Maha synthetic variety gave the highest stem diameter and leaf area, which recorded 18.94 mm and 6419 cm2, while the Al-Fajr synthetic variety gave the highest plant height and crop growth rate, which reached 211.7 cm and 4.469 gm. plant-1 day-1. It can be concluded that mineral fertilizers can be replaced by nano-fertilizers, but can be considered as a supplement to mineral fertilizers and not a substitute for it
Effect of planting dates and DSPER size spraying on maize growth
No full textAiming to study the effect of planting dates and spraying with the compound DSPER Size on the growth of (Zea mays L.), a factorial experiment was conducted using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot design and three replications. The experiment was carried out in one of the agricultural fields designated for the Field Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Kerbala, at the Ibn Al-Bitar Vocational School in the Al-Husseiniya region during the summer season of 2024. The experiment included two factors Main plots planting dates (July 10, July 20, July 30, and August 9) and Subplots concentrations of the DSPER Size compound (0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0) g l-1. The results showed that the third planting date (July 30) outperformed in some of the studied traits, recording the highest mean plant height (223.71 cm) and stem diameter (29.781 mm). Meanwhile, the fourth planting date excelled in leaf area, with a mean of (6853.6 cm²), and chlorophyll content, of (60.581 SPAD). The treatment with the compound concentration of 3 g L⁻¹ significantly outperformed in giving the highest means for all traits plant height (213.25 cm), stem diameter (29.810 mm), number of leaves (13.240 leaf plant-1), leaf area (6697.4 cm²), and chlorophyll content (61.230 SPAD).The results of the study also showed the superiority of the interaction treatment between the third planting date (July 30) and the concentration of 3 g L⁻¹, which resulted in the highest plant height of (225.23 cm) and the number of leaves reaching (14.630 leaf plant-1)
Effect of seaweed fertilization and spraying with Tecamin Max on some qualitative traits of corn (Zea mays L.)
No full textA field experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2024 in the experimental fields of district Al-Husseiniya, Kerbala, Iraq, with the aim of studying the effect of soil fertilization with seaweed and spraying with the nutrient solution Tecamin Max on some growth and quality indicators of corn variety of 5018. The complete randomized block design was used according to the arrangement of factorial experiments with three replicates and two factors. The first factor included four concentrations of soil fertilization with seaweed, which are 0, 4, 8, and 12 kg ha-1, while the second factor included four different concentrations of foliar spraying with Tecamin Max, which are 0, 1, 2, 3 ml L-1. The results showed that the treatment of adding seaweed 12 kg h-1 was superior in giving the highest rate of the characteristics of nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage, protein percentage, oil percentage, which reached (1.4533%, 0.555%, 0.4250%, 9.083%, 4.212%) respectively, compared to the comparison treatment which gave the lowest values. The results of foliar spraying with Tecamin Max compound showed that the level of 3 ml L-1 was superior in giving the highest rate for the same characteristics above which reached (1.4242%, 0.512%, 4.158%, 8.901%, 3.687%) respectively. Regarding the interaction between the study factors, the results showed no significant interactions, which means that the study factors behaved separately
Effect of spraying hatching eggs with quaternary ammonium on hatching traits of breeder broiler eggs
No full textThis study examined the effectiveness of quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) as a sanitizer for controlling microbial activity on fertile eggshells and its impact on hatchability. A total of 660 fertile eggs from 60-week-old Lohmann White breeder hens were treated with QAC at concentrations of 1/100, 1/200, and 1/300 ml/L or left unsensitized. Results showed that QAC significantly reduced total aerobic bacteria on eggshells before incubation and at day 18, compared to non-sanitized eggs. Hatchability was higher, and embryo mortality was lower in eggs treated with QAC, particularly at the 1/300 ml/L concentration, compared to the non-sanitized group. Egg weight decreased across all treatments during incubation, with the highest weight loss observed at the 1/100 ml/L concentration. Overall, QAC demonstrated efficacy in reducing microbial contamination and enhancing hatchability, though its effects on egg weight loss varied
Improving fertility, seed composition, and yield in soybean through strategic Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DTA-6) application
No full textThis study investigated the effect of the growth regulator DTA-6, applied at varying concentrations (30, 60, and 90 mg L⁻¹) during two critical growth stages—branching (GS-22) and flowering (GS-51)—on the productivity and quality attributes of two locally adapted soybean cultivars (Shaima and Abaa). Results revealed that DTA-6 positively influenced several agronomic traits, including fertility percentage, seed yield, and various seed quality parameters such as oil content and fatty-acid composition. Notably, the highest DTA-6 concentration (90 mg L⁻¹), when applied at the flowering stage, yielded the most significant improvements in fertility percentage, seed yield, and certain fatty-acid profiles, albeit accompanied by a reduction in protein content. Genetic differences between the two cultivars—Shaima and Abaa—clearly influenced their responses to DTA-6. Shaima excelled in seed yield and exhibited lower seed wrinkling along with higher oil and oleic acid content, suggesting an enhanced genetic capacity for efficient resource allocation and lipid biosynthesis. In contrast, Abaa showed superior fertility percentage and higher protein content, likely due to genetic traits favoring reproductive development and nitrogen assimilation. These findings underscore the importance of selecting suitable cultivars and optimizing the timing of DTA-6 application to maximize agronomic and quality-related benefits. A significant interaction between cultivar, application timing, and DTA-6 concentration was observed, highlighting that the response varied according to the genetic background and treatment combination. Consequently, the strategic integration of DTA-6 into soybean crop management could enhance yield and seed quality, paving the way for more efficient and profitable production in environments like those studied
Growth response of coastal hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) seedlings to zeolite and glutamine under water stress
No full textWater stress is one of the most prominent environmental factors negatively impacting plant growth and represents a significant challenge in areas with limited water resources. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the impact of water stress on the growth of coastal hibiscus seedlings and the role of zeolite and glutamine in mitigating it. A pot experiment was conducted during the spring season of 2024 according to a split-split-plot design with three replicates. The study included two levels of water stress (50% and 100% of field capacity), adding zeolite (0, 500, and 1000 g pot-1) and spraying with glutamine (0, 150, and 300 mg L-1). The results showed an apparent decrease in the studied traits (percentage increase in plant height, percentage increase in stem diameter, percentage increase in number of leaves, leaf area, percentage of dry matter) in plants stressed by (50% of field capacity) with decreased percentages of (6.33%, 2.80%, 7.10%, 2.68%, and 11.69%), respectively, compared to non-stressed plants. The results also demonstrated the effective role of the studied factors in mitigating the effects of water stress. Both zeolite and glutamine, either individually or in combination, contributed to reducing the resulting damage when applied to plants exposed to water stress at 50% of the field capacity. The results showed that growth rates were higher or similar to those recorded in non-stressed plants, which reinforces the role of these vital factors in improving the ability of plants to withstand water stress conditions
Efficacy of selected control agents against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae) in Najaf governorate, Iraq
No full textThis study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected control agents against the black bean aphid (Aphis fabae), with the experimental design comprising two primary components. The first involved a laboratory assessment of three control agents: the insect growth regulator Match, the botanical insecticide Oxymatrine, and the Entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, each tested at concentrations of 0%, 50%, and 100% with three replicates per treatment. Based on laboratory findings, the optimal concentration (100%) for each agent was selected for subsequent field application. In the field experiment, treatments included individual applications of each agent and a combined application (Match + Oxymatrine + M. anisopliae) as an integrated spray treatment.
The experimental design also incorporated an evaluation of the effect of bean cultivar on aphid mortality. Laboratory results demonstrated a marked efficacy of the 100% concentration for all agents tested. Match induced mortality rates of 88.44% and 83.55% for nymphal and adult stages, respectively; Oxymatrine achieved 96.67% and 97.78%, while M. anisopliae resulted in 63.75% and 62.39% mortality among nymphs and adults, respectively.
Field experiment outcomes revealed a significant increase in adult aphid mortality following application of the combined treatment (Match + Oxymatrine + M. anisopliae), which yielded the highest mortality rate 122.12 adults per plant. In contrast, the control treatment exhibited no mortality throughout the study
Influence of Seaweed Extract on Physiological Growth, Yield, and its Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
No full textA field experiment was conducted during the 2022 growing season at the Qlyasan Research Center, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, to investigate the effects of foliar application of seaweed extract (SE) on the phenological, physiological, biochemical, and reproductive traits of wheat. The study involved four wheat varieties (Sulaimani-2, Rizgari, Alaa, and Hasad) and three SE concentrations (0.0, 1, and 2g L⁻¹), arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that the highest SE concentration (2g L⁻¹) significantly enhanced plant height, flag leaf area, specific leaf area, dry matter accumulation, root-shoot ratio, and relative growth rate. Reproductive parameters such as spike length, number and weight of spikes per m², spikelets per spike, grain number and weight, grain yield, biological yield, and harvest index also improved. Furthermore, increasing SE concentration positively influenced physio-biochemical traits, including soluble sugar content, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, and protein percentage. The interaction between SE levels and wheat varieties was significant across all traits, with Rizgari showing the most pronounced response, likely due to its superior morphological features and genetic capacity for nutrient uptake and physiological efficiency
The effect of organic material type and foliar application of plant extracts on the vegetative growth characteristics and volatile oil yield of rosemary plant
No full textA factorial field experiment was conducted during the 2024-2025 growing season at the research station of the College of Agriculture, University of Kufa, under green shade cloth (60% light transmission) to investigate the effects of organic materials and foliar plant extracts on vegetative growth and volatile oil yield of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). The experiment followed a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two factors were examined: organic material type [wheat residues (O1), mushroom residues (O2), and control (O0)] applied at 5 tons ha⁻¹, and foliar plant extracts [moringa extract (E1), hibiscus extract (E2), and control (E0)] applied at 10 ml L⁻¹. Results demonstrated that wheat residues significantly increased leaf number (3,505 leaves plant⁻¹), shoot dry weight (40.54 g), and branch number (44.59 branches plant⁻¹) compared to other treatments. Hibiscus extract enhanced plant height (42.11 cm) and branch number (45.70 branches plant⁻¹), while moringa extract maximized leaf number (3,233.3 leaves plant⁻¹). For essential oil characteristics, mushroom residues produced superior oil yield (1.26%) and refractive index (1.746 nm). The interaction O2×E0 achieved the highest oil yield (1.41%), indicating significant synergistic effects. These findings suggest that strategic selection of organic materials combined with appropriate foliar extracts can substantially enhance rosemary production systems for commercial cultivatio
Evaluation of Novel Biomarkers Fetuin-A and KIM-1 and Bacterial Isolation in Early Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iraq: ,Department of Biology , College of Science, University of Kerbala 2,College of Dentistry, University of Karbala
No full textThis study evaluates the role of novel biomarkers Fetuin-A and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) in early chronic kidney disease (CKD) diagnosis. It identifies bacterial isolates associated with CKD patients in Iraq. One hundred-five samples (60 CKD patients and 45 healthy controls) were analyzed using ELISA for biomarker levels, and bacterial isolation was performed using standard culture methods. Results showed significantly elevated levels of Fetuin-A and KIM-1 in CKD patients compared to controls, correlating with disease progression stages. Commonly isolated bacteria included Klebsiella, E. coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting potential infection risks in CKD. These findings suggest that Fetuin-A and KIM-1 are valuable biomarkers for early CKD detection, and bacterial infections are prevalent among CKD patients, emphasizing the need for early screening and targeted interventions. The novel biomarkers and high levels of renal function (urea and creatinine ) are related