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PRISMA flow diagram.
No full textIntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has exerted devastating effects on healthcare delivery systems, specifically those for pregnant women. The aim of this review was to determine the maternal perception of antenatal health care services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase.MethodsScopus, Web of Science, SAGE, and Ovid were systematically searched using the keywords “maternal”, “COVID-19 pandemic”, “maternal health service”, and “maternal perception”. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were original articles, written in English, and published between January 1, 2020, and December 12, 2022. This review was performed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eligible articles were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Thematic analysis was used for data synthesis.ResultsOf 2683 articles identified, 13 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the narrative synthesis. Five themes emerged regarding the determinants of maternal perception of antenatal healthcare services during the COVID-19 pandemic critical phase: lack of psychosocial support, poor maternal healthcare quality, poor opinion of virtual consultation, health structure adaptation failure to meet women’s needs, and satisfaction with maternal health services.ConclusionMaternal perception, specifically pregnant women’s psychosocial and maternal health needs, should be focused on the continuation of maternal care during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is critical to identify the maternal perception of maternal health services during the pandemic to ensure health service equity in the “new normal” future.</div
Δ<i>secA2 M</i>. <i>marinum</i> induces high levels of IFN-β from WT BMDMs.
No full textTo evaluate the IFN-β response from wild type BMDMs when levels of intracellular bacteria are equal, log-phase M. marinum cultures were used to infect wild type BMDMs at an MOI of 1. Following a 2 hour infection, macrophage monolayers were washed three times with PBS before being lysed and plated onto 7H11 + 10% agar plates in technical triplicate (A) or returned to the incubator in fresh media until twenty-four hours post infection. At twenty-four hours, macrophage culture supernatants were removed and examined for secreted levels of IFN-β by ELISA (B). To account for variability in the number of bacteria present at 2hpi, IFN-β levels were normalized to a standard number of bacteria (C). IFN-β Heat killed WT M. marinum was added to macrophages at an MOI of 10 as a control for bacterial cell lysis. Data is representative of 10 biological replicates. Statistical significance was calculated using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test followed by pairwise comparison with a Wilcoxon Rank Sum test relative to WT. Statistical significance was defined as p-values ≤ 0.05; ***p0.05).</p
English IDI Guide for girls in clubs.
No full textEarly adolescence is a period characterized by enormous biological, cognitive, sexual, emotional, and social changes. Sexual curiosity and the desire to acquire sexual health (SH) information are part of these developments. Understanding the SH knowledge acquisition process is critical for designing interventions that can best support very young adolescents (VYAs). This study explored the SH knowledge acquisition processes among VYA girls aged 10 to 14 years who attended the DREAMs Girl Only Clubs (GOCs) and those who did not. The GOCs were a part of a larger comprehensive HIV prevention project called DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) which provided an evidence-based core package of interventions to VYAs to prevent HIV. In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 VYA girls aged 10–14 years in two rural southern districts of Zomba and Machinga in Malawi. Twenty-three VYA girls were GOC participants and 20 VYAs were not. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data with the assistance of Nvivo 12 software. The SH knowledge acquisition processes were the interaction of various factors at the microsystem (self-efficacy, attitudes, trust and the beginning of menstruation), mesosystem (communication of SH issues between VYAs and their immediate family and peers), and exosystem levels (availability of life skills programs and mother-groups in schools and availability of GOCs). Compared to Non-GOC participants, GOC participants demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of SH issues and positive sexual behaviors such as HIV testing. Limitations to SH knowledge acquisition were adult messages’ focus on sexual relationship avoidance and on girls who have started menstruation; the perception of adults not being knowledgeable about SH and school teachers hiding some SH information. VYAs’ SH interventions that provide VYAs with accurate, consistent, and age-appropriate SH information such as the GOCs have the potential to address the limitations that other sources have in reaching VYAs. Integrating such interventions with programs that empower parents, other adults, and teachers with comprehensive SH information and with skills on how to deliver SH information to VYAs can enhance VYAs’ SH knowledge acquisition and influence positive behavior change.</div
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No full textEarly adolescence is a period characterized by enormous biological, cognitive, sexual, emotional, and social changes. Sexual curiosity and the desire to acquire sexual health (SH) information are part of these developments. Understanding the SH knowledge acquisition process is critical for designing interventions that can best support very young adolescents (VYAs). This study explored the SH knowledge acquisition processes among VYA girls aged 10 to 14 years who attended the DREAMs Girl Only Clubs (GOCs) and those who did not. The GOCs were a part of a larger comprehensive HIV prevention project called DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe) which provided an evidence-based core package of interventions to VYAs to prevent HIV. In-depth interviews were conducted with 43 VYA girls aged 10–14 years in two rural southern districts of Zomba and Machinga in Malawi. Twenty-three VYA girls were GOC participants and 20 VYAs were not. Guided by the Social Ecological Model, a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data with the assistance of Nvivo 12 software. The SH knowledge acquisition processes were the interaction of various factors at the microsystem (self-efficacy, attitudes, trust and the beginning of menstruation), mesosystem (communication of SH issues between VYAs and their immediate family and peers), and exosystem levels (availability of life skills programs and mother-groups in schools and availability of GOCs). Compared to Non-GOC participants, GOC participants demonstrated an in-depth knowledge of SH issues and positive sexual behaviors such as HIV testing. Limitations to SH knowledge acquisition were adult messages’ focus on sexual relationship avoidance and on girls who have started menstruation; the perception of adults not being knowledgeable about SH and school teachers hiding some SH information. VYAs’ SH interventions that provide VYAs with accurate, consistent, and age-appropriate SH information such as the GOCs have the potential to address the limitations that other sources have in reaching VYAs. Integrating such interventions with programs that empower parents, other adults, and teachers with comprehensive SH information and with skills on how to deliver SH information to VYAs can enhance VYAs’ SH knowledge acquisition and influence positive behavior change.</div
Bacterial intracellular growth colony counts were fit to a linear regression model.
No full textThe resulting parameter outputs (A; representative of the average for each biological replicate) were used to compare bacterial growth rates (r). These growth rates were plotted (B), with points representative of growth rates for each biological replicate (n = 3). Bar heights represent the average value of all 9 data points. Statistical significance was assessed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Dunnett’s pairwise comparison relative to WT. *** p (PDF)</p
Key search strategy.
No full textClimate change and non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are considered the 21st Century’s major health and development challenges. Both pose a disproportionate burden on low- and middle-income countries that are unprepared to cope with their synergistic effects. These two challenges pose risks for achieving many of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) and are both impacted by globalization through different pathways. While there are important insights on how climate change and or globalization impact NCDs in the general literature, comprehensive research that explores the influence of climate change and or globalization on NCDs is limited, particularly in the context of Africa. This review documents the pathways through which climate change and or globalization influence NCDs in Africa. We conducted a comprehensive literature search in eight electronic databases—Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Global Health Library, Science Direct, Medline, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. A total of 13864 studies were identified. Studies that were identified from more than one of the databases were automatically removed as duplicates (n = 9649). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a total of 27 studies were eventually included in the final review. We found that the impacts of climate change and or globalization on NCDs act through three potential pathways: reduction in food production and nutrition, urbanization and transformation of food systems. Our review contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the impact of climate change and or globalization on human health. We believe that our findings will help enlighten policy makers working on these pathways to facilitate the development of effective policy and public health interventions to mitigate the effects of climate change and globalization on the rising burden of NCDs and goal 3 of the SDG, in particular.</div
A list of oligonucleotide primers used throughout this paper.
No full textAll primers were purchased through Invitrogen. (PDF)</p
Assessment cell viability after cryopreservation for NK-92.
No full textCell viability was evaluated according to the freezing rate. Cell viability after thawing by type of cryoprotective agents (A) frozen at a rate of -0.5°C/min, (B) a rate of -1.0°C/min, and (C) a rate of -2.0°C/min. Cell viability was evaluated according to nucleation induction during cell freezing and viability results according to cell concentration. (D) Cell viability after thawing as a function of cell concentration, (E) Cell viability after thawing according to cell concentration induced nucleation. Cell viability was assessed after long-term storage of frozen cells. Cell viability and expansion efficacy of (F) 1 month, (G) 3 months, and (H) 6 months after storage of frozen cells in liquid nitrogen vapor phase. Evaluation of preservation efficacy in cryo-bags (I)Assessment cell viability after cryopreservation for NK-92. Cell viability was assessed after long-term storage of frozen cells. Cell viability and expansion efficacy of 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after storage frozen cells. p value: ns > 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001, **** < 0.0001.</p
Baseline characteristics according to OH during follow-up.
No full textBaseline characteristics according to OH during follow-up.</p
Mean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at each follow-up by allocation group in the NAILED trial and occurrence of orthostatic hypotension (OH).
No full textMean systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at each follow-up by allocation group in the NAILED trial and occurrence of orthostatic hypotension (OH).</p