5683099 research outputs found
Sort by
Kaplan Meier survival curve (A) of mice after challenge with <i>R</i>. <i>parkeri</i> (RP) or PBS (mock) and treatment with different benidipine concentrations.
No full textAll uninfected mice survived, except all mice treated with 30 mg/kg/d benidipine died within 24h; otherwise, only mice treated with benidipine at 10 mg/kg/d or 3 mg/kg/d and infected by R. parkeri died in the 6-day study, including 8 mice treated with 10 mg/kg/d benidipine on day 3 (4 were moribund but euthanized as per protocol), and 2 mice treated with 3 mg/kg/d benidipine on day 6. (B) Changes in weight among all the groups. Bars represent mean weight change and the error bars show the standard deviations. Infection led to marked body mass loss over 6 days that was abrogated on day 3 and 6 by benidipine administration. (C) Spleen weight changes among the groups. Values of all animals are shown as dots. Benidipine caused modest splenomegaly in uninfected mice at 10 mg/kg/d, whereas R. parkeri infection led to significant splenomegaly that was abrogated in a dose-dependent manner by benidipine. Median rank is indicated by the line in the box, and the box boundaries show the 1st and 3rd quartiles, whereas the bars show the minimum and maximum ranks.</p
Fig 2 -
No full texta. Proportion of T. congolense parasites that were free swimming in the culture supernatant in control TcoSM cells or at time points after the induction of TcREG9.1 depletion by RNAi in clones TcREG9.1cl3.3 or TcREG9.1cl4.5. b. The percentage of parasites exhibiting a 1 kinetoplast 1 nucleus (1K1N) organelle configuration (representing cells in G0, G1 and S phase) whether attached (‘att’) or detached (“sup”) from the culture flask for control TcoSM cells (upper panel) or with doxycycline induced depletion of TcREG9.1 (lower panel). Samples were prepared 3 days after addition of doxycycline. In both attached and detached cells, depletion of TcREG9.1 resulted in a higher proportion of 1K1N cells, this being significant for the detached population (*; P<0.05).</p
RNAseq data for relative gene expression for bloodstream form <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> induced to knockdown TcREG9.1 or not.
No full textIndividual sheets provide values for distinct RNAi clones (clone 3.3; clone 4.5) and include expression values for all genes, or where the logFC change is >1 or (XLSX)</p
Infected:control LC-MS/MS ratio of antigens recognized by IgG derived from animals at day 28 of infection by <i>T</i>. <i>congolense</i> strain 02J, 31J, KONT 2/133 and KONT2/151 based on Table S1 of Fleming et al., 2014 [28], and summarized in S1 Table.
No full textIndividual transcripts are colour coded according to their encoded protein family, with the gene code for the most differentially detected annotated. (TIF)</p
Quantitative dissection of SANC pacemaking dysfunction in aging.
No full text(A-E) CO-MO parameter space maps at ZT6 and ZT18 under aged (A), aged MO (B), aged PNA (C), aged CO (D), and aged MO+PNA+CO (E) conditions. (F-H) Quantitative differences in flexibility (F), performance (G), and robustness (H) under various aging conditions. (I) Normalized changes in SANC flexibility, performance, and robustness compared to the control conditions in adult model.</p
<i>opn4xa</i> -/- larvae show subtle modifications of a few clock genes in LL: RTqPCR performed on pools of 15 larvae for the gene indicated at the top of the figures.
No full textMean expression relative to beta actin ± s.d. Three pools of larvae were used for each time point. ‘wt’ refers to pool of larvae from crosses of opn4xa+/+ animals (siblings of the opn4xa-/- fishes used for the opn4xa-/-points). Larvae were exposed to LD cycles (until d6 21h) followed by a LL cycle (from d6 21h to d7 18h). The grey rectangles represent the night phase, the yellow rectangles represent the subjective night in the LL cycle. The data were analysed using two-way ANOVAs which revealed time-genotype interaction for bmal1a and cry1a, as well as statistical differences between genotypes for specific time points using Bonferroni post-hoc tests. p< 0.05; ** p< 0.001; ***p< 0.0005.</p
Fig 3 -
No full textcry1a but not per2 expression is induced upon a pulse of white light at CT21 (A-G) Expression of per2 (A-D) or cry1a (E-G) at CT22 in 7 days old larvae. Before fixation for in situ at CT 22 the larvae were treated exactly like in the experiment described in Fig 2D, meaning that they were not depigmented before the light pulse which was administered from CT21 and CT22 (CT 22 pulse). In parallel, larvae from the same litter were maintained in the dark and fixed at CT22 (CT 22 dark). (A-D) The white ellipse identifies the pineal gland where no expression is observed. ctl DARK: n = 3, ctl PULSE n = 7, lak DARK: n = 4, lak PULSE: n = 7. Scale bar: 50 μm. (E-G) Three different expression patterns can be identified with the cry1a probe, The grey ellipse surrounds the pineal which expresses cry1a in the ‘mild’ and ‘high’ patterns, the two dark ellipses in G surrounds the habenulae which express cry1a in the ‘high’ pattern. Tel = Telencephalon, Tec = Optic tectum. Scale bar: 200 μm. (H) Countings of the repartition of Dark and Pulsed 7 days old larvae at CT22 stained with the cry1a probe, ctl DARK: n = 10, ctl PULSE n = 4, lak DARK: n = 5, lak PULSE: n = 7. Ctl DARK versus Ctl PULSE: p = 0.0010, lak DARK versus lak PULSE: p>0.9999, ctl DARK versus lak DARK: p>0.9999, ctl PULSE versus lak PULSE: p = 0.0182 using Fisher test.</p
Numerical data related to S4 Fig.
No full textThe eye is instrumental for controlling circadian rhythms in mice and human. Here, we address the conservation of this function in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. Using lakritz (lak) mutant larvae, which lack retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we show that while a functional eye contributes to masking, it is largely dispensable for the establishment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. Furthermore, the eye is dispensable for the induction of a phase delay following a pulse of white light at CT 16 but contributes to the induction of a phase advance upon a pulse of white light at CT21. Melanopsin photopigments are important mediators of photoentrainment, as shown in nocturnal mammals. One of the zebrafish melanopsin genes, opn4xa, is expressed in RGCs but also in photosensitive projection neurons in the pineal gland. Pineal opn4xa+ projection neurons function in a LIGHT ON manner in contrast to other projection neurons which function in a LIGHT OFF mode. We generated an opn4xa mutant in which the pineal LIGHT ON response is impaired. This mutation has no effect on masking and circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, or for the induction of phase shifts, but slightly modifies period length when larvae are subjected to constant light. Finally, analysis of opn4xa;lak double mutant larvae did not reveal redundancy between the function of the eye and opn4xa in the pineal for the control of phase shifts after light pulses. Our results support the idea that the eye is not the sole mediator of light influences on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and highlight differences in the circadian system and photoentrainment of behaviour between different animal models.</div
Numerical data related to Fig 5.
No full textThe eye is instrumental for controlling circadian rhythms in mice and human. Here, we address the conservation of this function in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. Using lakritz (lak) mutant larvae, which lack retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we show that while a functional eye contributes to masking, it is largely dispensable for the establishment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. Furthermore, the eye is dispensable for the induction of a phase delay following a pulse of white light at CT 16 but contributes to the induction of a phase advance upon a pulse of white light at CT21. Melanopsin photopigments are important mediators of photoentrainment, as shown in nocturnal mammals. One of the zebrafish melanopsin genes, opn4xa, is expressed in RGCs but also in photosensitive projection neurons in the pineal gland. Pineal opn4xa+ projection neurons function in a LIGHT ON manner in contrast to other projection neurons which function in a LIGHT OFF mode. We generated an opn4xa mutant in which the pineal LIGHT ON response is impaired. This mutation has no effect on masking and circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, or for the induction of phase shifts, but slightly modifies period length when larvae are subjected to constant light. Finally, analysis of opn4xa;lak double mutant larvae did not reveal redundancy between the function of the eye and opn4xa in the pineal for the control of phase shifts after light pulses. Our results support the idea that the eye is not the sole mediator of light influences on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and highlight differences in the circadian system and photoentrainment of behaviour between different animal models.</div
Numerical data related to Fig 4.
No full textThe eye is instrumental for controlling circadian rhythms in mice and human. Here, we address the conservation of this function in the zebrafish, a diurnal vertebrate. Using lakritz (lak) mutant larvae, which lack retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), we show that while a functional eye contributes to masking, it is largely dispensable for the establishment of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity. Furthermore, the eye is dispensable for the induction of a phase delay following a pulse of white light at CT 16 but contributes to the induction of a phase advance upon a pulse of white light at CT21. Melanopsin photopigments are important mediators of photoentrainment, as shown in nocturnal mammals. One of the zebrafish melanopsin genes, opn4xa, is expressed in RGCs but also in photosensitive projection neurons in the pineal gland. Pineal opn4xa+ projection neurons function in a LIGHT ON manner in contrast to other projection neurons which function in a LIGHT OFF mode. We generated an opn4xa mutant in which the pineal LIGHT ON response is impaired. This mutation has no effect on masking and circadian rhythms of locomotor activity, or for the induction of phase shifts, but slightly modifies period length when larvae are subjected to constant light. Finally, analysis of opn4xa;lak double mutant larvae did not reveal redundancy between the function of the eye and opn4xa in the pineal for the control of phase shifts after light pulses. Our results support the idea that the eye is not the sole mediator of light influences on circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and highlight differences in the circadian system and photoentrainment of behaviour between different animal models.</div