Federal University of Kashere Journals
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Assessment of socioeconomic vulnerabilities in communities surrounding Kolmani oil field, Bauchi State, Nigeria
Full text linkThe communities around Kolmani River basin have come to limelight since the discovery of huge deposits of hydrocarbon estimated to be over one billion barrels and over 500 billion cubic feet of gas around the basin. The discovery has led to the exposure of communities around Kolmani oil field, thereby making them vulnerable to various socioeconomic threats kidnapping for ransom, cattle rustling, loss of fertile farmlands, and destruction of vital ecosystem. This paper adopts Human security theory which is centered on the wellbeing of persons amidst prevailing threat(s) and social constructivism theory which postulates that identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by shared ideas, and not given by nature to understand the causal relationship between presence of valuable natural resource and the perceptions/demands of communities therein, as espoused by Alexander Wendt’s tenets of social constructivism. This paper utilized both primary and secondary sources of data, primary data was obtained through KII from community leaders/stakeholders, and secondary data was obtained qualitatively via extant literatures, Newspaper Publications particularly Wikki-Times (A local Newspaper with interests in happenings within Bauchi State). Data obtained was analyzed thematically. Findings reveals that activities of oil exploration has exposed these communities to various forms of insecurity, further finding reveals that the exploration activities have had a significant effects on the fragile ecosystem of the Yankari Games Reserve which is 16km away from the field , amongst other vulnerabilities
Vote Buying and the Quest for Sustainable Democracy: The Nigerian Context
Full text linkThe practice of vote buying poses a significant threat to the sustainability of democracy, particularly in contexts such as Nigeria, where it undermines the principles of free, fair, and credible elections. This study critically examines the phenomenon of vote buying, tracing its historical roots, manifestations, and implications for democratic governance. Drawing on the clientelism theory, the research explores the socio-economic, cultural, and institutional drivers that perpetuate this electoral malpractice. It highlights the transactional nature of vote buying, where financial and material inducements overshadow issue-based political engagement, thereby distorting voter preferences and eroding electoral integrity. The study reveals that vote buying fosters corruption, marginalizes competent leadership, weakens political accountability, and exacerbates electoral violence. Furthermore, it perpetuates a culture of impunity, undermining public trust in democratic institutions and processes. To address these challenges, the study recommends comprehensive poverty alleviation strategies, robust enforcement of electoral laws, and intensified voter education campaigns. It also emphasizes the need for institutional reforms to enhance the transparency and credibility of the electoral process. By addressing the root causes of vote buying, this study advocates for a more inclusive and democratic system that reflects the genuine will of the people
Transformational Leadership and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: Bridging the Gap between Policy and Implementation
Full text linkThe concept of transformational leadership is essential for driving sustainable development in Nigeria, particularly in addressing the persistent gap between policy formulation and implementation. Despite the establishment of numerous national and international development policies, including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Nigeria continues to face challenges such as poor governance, corruption, weak institutional capacity, and lack of accountability, which hinder effective implementation. This paper explores the role of transformational leadership in bridging this gap by fostering visionary thinking, ethical governance, innovation, and strategic execution. Transformational leaders inspire and mobilize stakeholders, creating a culture of accountability and encouraging innovative solutions to developmental challenges. By emphasizing intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, transformational leaders empower communities and institutions to adopt sustainable practices across key sectors such as energy, agriculture, infrastructure, and education. Moreover, transformational leadership enhances policy advocacy and institutional reforms, ensuring that development efforts are aligned with long-term environmental, social, and economic priorities. The paper argues that sustainable development in Nigeria requires leaders who can translate policy objectives into measurable outcomes by driving collaboration between government agencies, private sector actors, and civil society. Transformational leadership not only strengthens institutional frameworks but also cultivates a culture of resilience and adaptability, positioning Nigeria to achieve inclusive and sustainable growth. This study highlights the transformative potential of visionary leadership in overcoming governance barriers and ensuring that sustainable development initiatives yield tangible and lasting benefits for future generations
Globalization, Migration and Xenophobia: An Investigation of the Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward
Full text linkThis study examined the complex interrelationship between globalization, migration, and xenophobia in contemporary society. As globalization has intensified cross-border flows of people, goods, and ideas, international migration has increased significantly, often triggering xenophobic responses in receiving countries. This study investigates how economic integration, technological advancement, and cultural exchange which are key dimensions of globalization influence migration patterns and shape xenophobic attitudes. The study used secondary sources of data and employed the Social Identity Theory developed by Henri Tajfel and John Turner in the 1970s which posits that individuals categorize themselves and others into various social groups based on shared characteristics, such as nationality, ethnicity, religion, or cultural background as the framework for analysis. The findings reveal that while globalization has created unprecedented opportunities for mobility, it has simultaneously exacerbated inequalities that drive migration and fuel resentment toward immigrants. Economic insecurity, cultural anxiety, and political opportunism emerge as primary factors behind the rise of xenophobia. The study further identifies how xenophobic discourse and policies undermine social cohesion, violate human rights, and impede the potential benefits of migration. The investigation concludes that effectively addressing xenophobia requires a multifaceted approach that recognizes the structural causes of migration and the legitimate concerns of host communities. Recommendations include: Governments, civil society, and international organizations must work collectively to promote inclusive societies that embrace diversity. Initiatives aimed at combating discrimination, fostering intercultural dialogue, and celebrating the contributions of migrants can help reduce xenophobia
Political Dynamics that Rooted the Boko Haram Insurgence and Impediments against its fight in Nigeria
Full text linkBoko Haram insurgence has become a major security issue confronting Nigerian state since 2009. Seismic damages have been done over the years in respect of lives and properties. Indeed, socio- political stability and economic life of the country has been negatively touched owing to persistence insurgence. This study investigates political dynamics in Nigeria that are rooted the Boko Haram Insurgency as well as examines the contextual stances that obstructed successful fight against the Insurgency in Nigeria. Qualitative method of inquiry was adopted, as secondary data were analysed. This study found that political failure, religious fragmentation and dashed hope (expectations) in Northern Nigeria are the root courses of Boko Haram insurgency. These tripod variables metastasized in form of: fraudulent elections, corruption, inequality, instrument of violence and impunity and politics of Shari’a Law adoption and its implementation. Also this study identified: Bad governance, perceived political affiliation, mineral exploration and exploitation, missing political framework, lack of sophisticated equipment/corruption and uncoordinated/division among the military hierarchy as major impediments obstructing the successful fight against the insurgency in Nigeria. Prioritization of good governance, de-politicization of sensitive religious issues, government pro-activeness and responsiveness to religiously garmented matters and fulfillment of promises made by the Northern political leaders are some recommendations offered by this study. This became necessary owing to the fragility and the need for peace, stability and development of not only the Northern region but Nigeria as a whole
Extreme Religious Ideology and Violence in Northeast Nigeria: The rise and rage of Boko-Haram
Full text linkSince Nigeria’s return to democratic rule in 1999, the country has experienced violence rooted in religious and ethnic causes resulting in significant human and material losses. This violence is largely fueled by the nation’s deep religious sensitivities, which have created an environment conducive to the rise of religious radicalism and fundamentalism. This paper examines the relationship between extreme religious ideology and violence in Nigeria’s North-east. Adopting an ex-post-facto research design and relying on secondary data sources, the study applies the Islamic Theocratic State Theory as its analytical framework. Findings reveal that religious ideologies have not only set a precedent for extremism but have also emboldened conservative Islamic groups in their attempts to impose a rigid interpretation of Islam on Nigeria’s secular state. This has led to widespread violence and destruction, causing immense suffering among the general population. The paper recommends that advocacy for a return to orthodox Islam, as championed by Boko Haram, should be pursued through peaceful preaching and persuasion rather than through violent means
Evaluation of the Pattern of the Commercial Relationship between the Ginger Farmers and the Middlemen in Southern Kaduna, Nigeria
Full text linkThis study explored the commercial relationship between ginger farmers and middlemen in Nigeria, focusing on the extent and nature of their interactions. Data were collected through a descriptive survey using questionnaires from a sample of 397 respondents. The findings revealed that middlemen enforce quality standards and provide guidance on post-harvest handling to ensure ginger meets market expectations. They manage negotiations and resolve disputes related to pricing, quality, and contracts. In addition, middlemen offer credit or advances for seeds and fertilizers to help farmers manage cash flow before harvest and facilitate access to larger markets and distribution networks. The study recommends government support for initiatives that formalize and regulate the roles of middlemen in the ginger trade, as well as NGO support for financial services to enhance the capabilities of ginger farmers, such as providing access to credit or advances for inputs like seeds and fertilizers
Nuclear Proliferation and Global Security: A Comparative Analysis of State Responses to Iran and North Korea’s Nuclear Programs
Full text linkThis study provides a comparative analysis of international responses to the nuclear programs of Iran and North Korea within the broader context of global security. The proliferation of nuclear weapons by these states has posed significant challenges to the global non-proliferation regime, triggering varied responses from the international community. While Iran has been subjected to a mix of diplomacy and sanctions, North Korea has faced a more hardline stance dominated by isolation and coercive containment. The problem, however, lies in the inconsistency, selectivity, and limited effectiveness of these responses in achieving long-term denuclearization and regional stability. The study is anchored in the theoretical frameworks of realism and constructivism, which help explain both the strategic motivations of the states involved and the normative expectations of the international system. Methodologically, the research adopts a qualitative comparative case study approach, utilizing secondary data from institutional reports, journal articles, and policy documents. Findings reveal that while diplomacy and institutional engagement have produced partial success in Iran, the case of North Korea highlights the failure of sanctions and isolation in achieving nuclear rollback. The paper concludes that global responses are often shaped more by geopolitical interests than by consistent legal norms, weakening the credibility of the non-proliferation regime. It recommends a recalibrated approach combining credible diplomacy, enhanced institutional oversight, and regional security frameworks to address future proliferation threats. By aligning strategic interests with normative enforcement, the international community can better manage the evolving threats to global security posed by nuclear proliferation
Relationship between Educational Attainment and Living Standard of the Poor and Vulnerable Households in Nigeria
Full text linkThis paper seeks to find the relationship between the educational attainment of the head of household and living standard of the poor and vulnerable households in Nigeria. Nigeria as a country has been plagued with a high rate of poverty. With an estimated population of over 200 million people, Nigeria is Africa's most populous nation and the largest economy in Sub-Saharan Africa; however Poverty remains at 40.1 per cent in 2018/19, and is set to rise to about 42.6 per cent in 2022 implying a lower living standard for many of the populace. On the other hand, it is widely accepted that those with higher incomes tend to have better health, more education and a greater ability to participate in the social and political lives of their communities therefore having a better living standard. This study examined the relationship between the educational attainment of the head of household on the living standard of the household in Nigeria using the spearman’s correlation coefficient and secondary data from the National Social Register collected by the National Social Safety Nets Coordinating Office. The results obtained reveal that there is a strong tendency for lower educational attainment to be associated with a higher prevalence of household poverty or lower living standards. Literacy of the household head is also inversely related to household povert
On Aquinas’ Concept of Law and its Implications on Law and Lawmaking in Nigeria
Full text linkIt is undeniable that throughout philosophic history, the question of “what is law?” has remained contestable. From the ancient to contemporary period, there have been divergent views regarding the concept of law. To build on this intellectual discourse, St. Thomas Aquinas in his Summa Theologica formulated his theory of law. Aquinas established that law is “…an ordinance of reason for the common good, made by him who has care of the community.” In view of this understanding of law, this paper elucidates Aquinas’ concept of law in order to situate his idea of law on law and lawmaking in Nigeria. The study is a qualitative research. Data were sourced from primary and secondary sources. The paper used the expository and evaluative methods. The expository method uncovered the idea of law in Thomas Aquinas’ thought while the evaluative method examined his notion of law in order to situate its implications. The study found out that to Aquinas, law is borne out of practical reason and necessarily projects the good of everyone. It is morality toward common good. Anything short of this is unjust and not qualified to be a law. In contrast, it is been observed that in Nigeria, law and lawmaking is largely designed in a way that favours a select few so that law is served differently to different people. Regardless, Aquinas’s idea is been challenged on the basis that not all common good that are practically reasonable are morally right. However, the study concluded that Aquinas’ concept of law is considerable for law and lawmaking since it has grounds of influencing a more stable, socially, economically and ethically sound society