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Tracing post-capitalism in cities: Insights from the commercial capitalism's birthplaces—Genova, Milan, and Naples
No full textResearch on the sustainability of capitalism and the indication of post-capitalism is growing rapidly. What types of post-capitalism clues in the 21st century can be found in the three Italian cities of Genova, Milan, and Naples, which are the origins of commercial capitalism? These cities, Genova, Milan, and Naples, which have a long history from the inception of commercial capitalism from the 13th century to the present day, reveal the signs of modern capitalism's transition. The findings are as follows: (a) If the fashion industry in large businesses adopts closed open innovation to mitigate the risks of growth without employment and ecological hazards, they will exhibit signs of post-capitalism; (b) If family firms engage in social open innovation within the culture and entertainment industry and the food industry, they will uncover clues of post-capitalism by reducing the risks associated with the care economy and ecological threats; (c) If the craftsmen class pursues market open innovation in the tourism industry or history-based industries, they will discover clues of post-capitalism by addressing the risks of growth without employment and the care economy. These findings highlight how different sectors can contribute to the emergence of post-capitalist indicators in these historic cities. © 2025 Elsevier LtdFALSEssciscopu
Knowledge Transfer Methods for Photon Counting Double Random Phase Encoded Image Classification
No full textDouble Random Phase Encoding, Photon Counting Imaging, Transfer Learning, Knowledge DistillationList of Contents
Abstract i
List of contents ii
List of tables ⅲ
List of figures ⅲ
Ⅰ. Introduction
1.1 Backgrounds and Contributions 1
Ⅱ. Methods
2.1 Photon Counting Imaging 4
2.2 Double Random Phase Encoding 6
2.3 Methods of Integration of PCI and DRPE 8
2.4 Transfer Learning 10
2.5 Knowledge Distillation 12
Ⅲ. Results
3.1 Research Ⅰ: Transfer Learning-based Knowledge Transfer 15
3.1.1 Datasets 15
3.1.2 Three Types of Transfer Learning Methods 15
3.1.3 Setup 17
3.1.4 Results 17
3.2 Research Ⅱ: Knowledge Distillation-based Knowledge Transfer 20
Ⅳ. Conclusion
4.1 Conclusion 23MasterdCollectio
Facile hydrothermal synthesis of high-performance GQD-CuO microflower composite anode for lithium-ion batteries
No full textCopper oxide (CuO) has attracted substantial interest as a potential anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its high theoretical capacity, non-toxicity, low cost, and abundance. However, the practical application of CuO as an anode is limited by challenges such as high charge-transfer resistance, low electrical conductivity, and limited cycle stability. An effective approach to addressing these issues involves incorporating carbon-based materials but this requires complex synthesis processes. In this work, we propose an efficient synthesis method for the preparation of a graphene quantum dot (GQD)-CuO microflower (MF) composite film (G-CuO MF) via a one-pot hydrothermal process. The synergy between the high specific surface area of CuO MFs and the fast transportation of Li+ ions provided by GQDs boosts Li+ ion storage. The G-CuO MF composite anode exhibits high reversible capacity and long-term cycling stability. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.FALSEsciescopu
Imaging lipid rafts reveals the principle of ApoE4-induced AR upregulation in human neurons
Full text linkLipid rafts in plasma membranes are thought to provide a platform for regulating signaling pathways by increasing the expression or proximity of proteins in the same pathway. Despite this understanding, the absence of direct, simultaneous observations of lipid rafts and their affiliated proteins has hindered a comprehensive assessment of their roles across various biological contexts. Amyloid-β (Aβ), a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), is generated from the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor proteins (APPs) by β- and γ-secretases, primarily within endosomes after APP endocytosis by canonical clathrin-mediated endocytosis in neurons. In this study, we developed a protocol for imaging APP on lipid rafts using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and found that astrocyte ApoE4 contributes to an increase in APP localization on lipid rafts, subsequently elevating Aβ42 synthesis in a clathrin-independent manner in neurons. © 2025 The Author(s)TRUEsciescopu
Systematic Analysis of Driving Modes and NiFe Layer Thickness in Planar Hall Magnetoresistance Sensors
Full text linkPlanar Hall magnetoresistance (PHMR) sensors are widely utilized due to their high sensitivity, simple structure, and cost-effectiveness. However, their performance is influenced by both the driving mode and the thickness of the ferromagnetic layer, yet the combined effects of these factors remain insufficiently explored. This study systematically investigates the impact of Ni80Fe20 thickness (5–35 nm) on PHMR sensor performance under constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) modes, with a focus on optimizing the peak-to-peak voltage (Vp-p). In CC mode, electron surface scattering at 5–10 nm increases resistance, leading to a sharp rise in Vp-p, followed by a decline as the thickness increases. In contrast, CV mode minimizes resistance-related effects, with sensor signals predominantly governed by magnetization-dependent resistivity. Experimentally, the optimal Vp-p was observed at 25 nm in CV mode. However, for thicknesses beyond this point, the reduction in sensor resistance suggests that voltage distribution across both the sensor and external load resistance significantly influences performance. These findings provide practical insights into optimizing PHMR sensors by elucidating the interplay between driving modes and material properties. The results contribute to the advancement of high-performance PHMR sensors with enhanced signal stability and sensitivity for industrial and scientific applications. © 2025 by the authors.TRUEsciescopu
Preparation of silanols, silyl chlorides and silyl ethers from silanes using disulfides and dichloromethane under purple light irradiation
No full textRadical reaction, Photoreaction, Silanol, Environmentally friendlyDue to their versatility and practical utility, organosilicon compounds have been widely used in material and synthetic chemistry. Among them, silanols, which contains a Si-OH group, is one of the key compounds. They are widely used in various areas such as silicon-based material chemistry, directing group for C-H activation reaction, organocatalysis and medicinal chemistry. Driven by the applications of silanol, research has been actively conducted in the field of organic synthesis to develop methods for synthesizing silanols with diverse structures. Recently, methods for converting hydrosilanes to silanols using O2, H2O2, or H2O have dramatically drawn attention from chemists. Among these, reactions using environmentally safe water have gained interest, but they require transition metal catalysts.
Herein, we developed a practical and general strategy for synthesizing silanols without transition metal catalysts. This method involves the transformation of hydrosilanes to silanols using disulfide, water and dichloromethane under purple light irradiation condition. The process is initiated by the homolytic cleavage of disulfide to produce thiyl radical, which then induces silyl radical through HAT(hydrogen atom transfer) with silane. The silyl radical subsequently undergoes XAT(halogen atom transfer) with CH2Cl2 to form silyl chloride, which reacts with water to yield silanol. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions without transition metal or photocatalyst, and it has the advantage of using commercially available and safe water.
Additionally, silyl chlorides produced as an intermediate serve as a building block for various compounds. Notably, this reaction enables the synthesis of silyl chloride without catalysts or chlorinating additives, and it offers the advantage of using disulfide, a cost-effective reagent.
Finally, when an alcohol is employed instead of water, we can expand this work to silyl protection. The reaction of protecting the reactive hydroxy group through silylation is an important reaction in chemistry. Silyl ethers generated by this process are highly valuable in material science and medicinal chemistry. A key advantage of this method is the ability to synthesize silyl ethers easily using a simple protocol.|보라색 빛 조사 하에서 이황화물과 다이클로로메테인을 사용한 실라놀, 실릴 염화물 및 실릴 에터의 합성
본 논문은 전이 금속 촉매 없이 하이드로실레인을 실라놀, 실릴 염화물, 실릴 에터로 전환하는 방법에 대한 내용이다. Si-OH기를 포함한 유기실리콘 화합물인 실라놀은 재료 및 합성 화학 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있고, 이에 따라 다양한 구조의 실라놀을 합성하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되어 왔다. 최근에 산소나 과산화수소를 사용한 방법이 주목을 받았고, 특히 환경 친화적인 물을 사용해 실라놀을 생성하는 방법이 큰 관심을 받았다. 하지만, 독성이 있는 전이 금속 촉매가 필요하다는 한계를 극복하고자 온화한 조건에서 실라놀을 합성하는 연구를 진행했다. 보라색 빛 조사 하에서 이황화물, 다이클로로메테인, 물을 사용해 효과적으로 실라놀을 합성하였다. 이 반응은 전이 금속이나 광촉매 없이 온화한 조건에서 진행되며, 구하기 쉽고 안전한 물을 사용한다는 장점이 있다.
반응의 중간체로 생성되는 실릴 염화물은 다양한 화합물의 빌딩 블록으로 활용될 수 있다. 촉매나 염화 첨가제를 사용하지 않으면서 저렴한 시약인 이황화물을 사용해 실릴 염화물을 합성할 수 있다는 점에서 실용성이 돋보인다. 또한, 물 대신 알코올을 사용하면 실리콘 보호기를 도입할 수 있고, 친핵체가 존재하지 않을 때 실릴 염화물의 합성으로 연구를 확장시킬 수 있다. 간단한 방법을 통해 쉽게 합성되는 실릴 에터는 유기합성 및 재료화학에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.List of Contents
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………… ⅰ
List of Contents……………………………………………………………………………………….…… ⅱ
Ⅰ. Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
Ⅱ. Result and Discussions………………………………………………………………………….…… 6
2.1 Reaction optimizations ………………………………………………………………………………….…… 7
2.2 Substrates scopes …………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
2.3 Application: Synthesis of silyl ether………………………………………………………………………… 13
2.4 Mechanism study …………………………………………………………………………………………… 15
Ⅲ. Conclusions…………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
Ⅳ. Experimental section……………………………………………………………………………… 19
4.1 General Information .………………………………………………………………………………………… 19
4.2 Experiments ……………………………………………………………………………………………….… 20
Ⅴ. Reference……………………………………………………………………………………………… 32
국문요약문………………………………………………………………………………………………… 37MasterdCollectio
Design of Flame-Retardant Electrolytes for Safe and Durable Lithium Metal Batteries
No full textLithium metal batteries, flame-retardant electrolytes, ionic liquids, sulfone-based electrolytes, deep eutectic solvents, thermal stability, dendrite suppressionList of Contents
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
Ⅱ. Impact of Ionic Liquid Cation-Diluent Interactions on the Reductive Decomposition of Lithium Metal Battery Electrolytes
2.1 Introduction 5
2.2 Experimental 7
2.2.1 Materials 7
2.2.2 Electrochemical measurements 7
2.2.3 Characterization 7
2.3 Results and discussion 9
2.4 Conclusions 16
Ⅲ. Development of Electrolytes for Enhanced Lithium Metal Compatibility and Stable Battery Lifespan through the Using of Non-Interacting Diluents for Ionic Liquid Cations
3.1 Introduction 17
3.2 Experimental 19
3.2.1 Materials 19
3.2.2 Electrochemical measurements 19
3.2.3 Characterization 20
3.3 Results and discussion 21
3.4 Conclusions 29
Ⅳ. Non-flammable dimethyl sulfone-based gel polymer electrolyte for safe lithium metal batteries
4.1 Introduction 30
4.2 Experimental 32
4.2.1 Materials 32
4.2.2 Characterization 32
4.2.3 Electrochemical measurements 33
4.3 Results and discussion 35
4.4 Conclusions 46
Ⅴ. Synergistic Effects of Dimethyl sulfone and N,N-Dimethylmethanesulfoneamide for Improved Stability and Safety in Lithium Metal Batteries
5.1 Introduction 47
5 .2 Experimental 49
5.2.1 Materials 49
5.2.2 Characterization 49
5.2.3 Electrochemical measurements 50
5.3 Results and discussion 52
5.4 Conclusions 63
Ⅵ. Enhancing Lithium Metal Battery Stability and Safety Using Sulfone-Based Crystalline Organic Electrolytes with Optimized Diluents
6.1 Introduction 65
6.2 Experimental 68
6.2.1 Materials 68
6.2.2 Characterization 68
6.2.3 Electrochemical measurements 69
6.3 Results and discussion 71
6.4 Conclusions 82
Reference 83
Summary (in Korean) 91DoctordCollectio
Development of Hierarchically Porous Nickel Foam for Electrosynthesis of Value-added Chemicals
No full textHierarchically porous nickel foam, electrocatalysis, value-added chemicals, high surface area, C-N coupling.List of Contents
Abstract i
List of Contents iii
List of tables v
List of figures vi
Chapter 1. Background 1
1. Brief Introduction. 1
Chapter 2: High Faradaic Efficiency Electrosynthesis of Benzimidazoles by C-N Coupling of Diamines
and CO2 on Cu Nanoparticles Coated on a Novel Hierarchically Porous Nickel Foam 3
2.1 Introduction 3
2.2. Experimental sections 5
2.3 Results and discussions 9
2.3.1 Characterizations of hNiF 9
2.3.2. Characterizations of Cu NPs coated hNiF. 12
2.3.3. Electrochemical performance of the prepared catalysts. 15
2.3.4. C-N coupling reaction mechanism analysis 20
2.4. Conclusion 25
Chapter 3. Formamide Electrosynthesis from Ammonia and Methanol over Noble-Metal Nanoparticles
Modified Hierarchically Porous Nickel Foam 26
3.1 Background. 26
3.2. Experimental section 28
3.3 Results and discussions 30
3.4. Conclusion 40
Chapter 4. Electrocatalytic Anodic Hydrogen Evolution and Formate Production on Cu/CuOx Coated on
Hierarchically Porous Nickel Foam 41
4.1 Background 41
4.2 Materials and Methods 44
4.3. Results and discussions 48
4.4. Conclusion 64
References 66
Chapter 5. Summarization 77
요 약 문 79DoctordCollectio
포비티드 이미지 전송을 위한 조인트 소스 채널 코딩 시스템
No full textJoint source channel coding, deep neural networks, image communication, log polar, foveationDeep Joint Source-Channel Coding (Deep JSCC) integrates source and channel coding within an end-to-end neural network to enable efficient and robust data transmission. However, because of the limitations on communication resources, the vanilla JSCC structures are not directly applicable for several immersive applications, such as virtual reality (VR), where extremely high-resolution images should be sent in real time. So, we integrate foveated rendering into the JSCC framework. Foveated rendering aims to achieves efficiently allocate computa- tional resources by imitate human focal mechanism. Log-polar transformation, which com- presses peripheral information while preserving central details, is particularly suited to this purpose. This study proposes a model integrating Deep JSCC with log-polar compression and expansion. The network jointly optimizes log-polar compression and deep joint source- channel coding layer to get foveation and robustness to channel noise. By mimicking log-polar compression, the network preserves central vision information and reduces peripheral informa- tion in alignment with the human focal mechanism, maintaining visual experience. The model achieves higher fovea’s Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) than vanilla Deep JSCC and higher average PSNR than rule-based log-polar transmission. Additionally, it shows relatively less PSNR degradation under low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions, further highlighting its robustness in noisy transmission environments.|Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding (Deep JSCC)는 효율적이고 안정적인 데이터 전송을 위해 소스 코딩과 채널 코딩을 end-to-end 뉴럴 네트워크로 통합하는 기술이다. 그러나 통신 자원의 제한으로 인해 일반적인 JSCC 구조는 가상 현실(VR)과 같이 초고해상도 이미지를 실시간으로 전송해야 하는 여러 몰입형 응용 분야에
직접 적용하기 어렵다. 이를 해결하기 위해 본 연구에서는 JSCC 프레임워크에 포비티드 렌더링을 통합하였다. 포비티드 렌더링은 인간의 초점 메커니즘을 모방하여 계산 자원을 효율적으로 할당하는 것을 목표로 한다. 중심시의 세부 정보를 유지하면서 주변시 정보를 압축하는 로그-폴라 변환이 이러한 목적에 특히 적합하다. 본 연구에서는 Deep JSCC와 로그-폴라 압축 및 확장을 통합한 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 네트워크는 로그-폴라 압축과 Deep JSCC 레이어를 상호 최적화하여 포비에이션 효과와 채널 노이즈에 대한 강건성을 확보한다. 로그-폴라 압축을 모방함으로써 네트워크는 중심 시각 정보는 유지하고 주변부 정보는 줄여 인간의 초점 메커니즘에 맞춰 시각적 경험을 보존한다. 제안된 모델은 일반적인 Deep JSCC보다 중심시의 Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR)가 더 높으며, 규칙 기반 로그-폴라 전송 방식보다 평균 PSNR이 더 높게 나타난다. 또한, 낮은 신호 대 잡음비(SNR) 환경에서도 PSNR 저하가 상대적으로 적어, 잡음이 있는 전송 환경에서 강건한 성능을 보인다.I. Introduction 1
II. Related Work 4
2.1 Deep Joint Source-Channel Coding (Deep JSCC) 4
2.2 Foveated Rendering 5
2.3 Log-Polar Transformation 6
III. Model Architecture 9
3.1 Transmission Setting 9
3.2 Model Architecture Overview 9
3.3 Initial Log-Polar Transformation 9
3.4 Compression to Log-Polar Image 10
3.5 Vanilla Deep JSCC Transmission 11
3.6 Re-expansion to Original Size 11
IV. Experiments 13
4.1 Experiment Setup 13
4.2 Experiment Results 14
V. Conclusions 20
VI. Appendix 21
References 31MasterdCollectio