Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology
DGIST Library Institutional RepositoryNot a member yet
12664 research outputs found
Sort by
A dietary commensal microbe enhances antitumor immunity by activating tumor macrophages to sequester iron
No full textHere the authors show that a heteropolysaccharide from a commensal bacteria commonly found in the Korean food kimchi is able to bolster antitumor immune responses by instructing tumor-associated macrophages to release lipocalin-2, which sequesters iron away from tumor cells contributing to the immune response to attack these cells. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2024..
Innate immune cells generate a multifaceted antitumor immune response, including the conservation of essential nutrients such as iron. These cells can be modulated by commensal bacteria; however, identifying and understanding how this occurs is a challenge. Here we show that the food commensal Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMB19 augments antitumor immunity in syngeneic and xenograft mouse tumor models. Its capsular heteropolysaccharide is the major effector molecule, functioning as a ligand for TLR2. In a two-pronged manner, it skews tumor-associated macrophages to a classically active phenotype, leading to generation of a sustained CD8+ T cell response, and triggers macrophage ‘nutritional immunity’ to deploy the high-affinity iron transporter lipocalin-2 for capturing and sequestering iron in the tumor microenvironment. This process induces a cycle of tumor cell death, epitope expansion and subsequent tumor clearance. Together these data indicate that food commensals might be identified and developed into ‘oncobiotics’ for a multi-layered approach to cancer therapy. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc. 2024.FALSEsciescopu
High-speed multi-mode optical imaging device using beam splitter and blood flow velocity and blood oxygen saturation measurement method using the optical imaging device
No full text본 발명은 서로 상이한 파장의 근적외선 레이저를 각각 조사하는 제1레이저광원부와 제2레이저광원부; 상기 제1레이저광부와 제2레이저광원부에서 각각 조사된 레이저광들을 입력받아 하나의 근적외선 레이저광으로 출력하는 광커플러; 상기 광커플러에서 조사된 근적외선 레이저광을 피측정대상(생체)의 해당 측정부위로 유도하여 출력하는 측정프로브; 상기 피측정대상에서 확산 및 투과되어 방출된 광을 수신하여 반사, 분할, 필터링 과정으로 파장이 서로 다른 두 개의 광으로 분할하여 출력하는 빔스플릿터모듈; 상기 빔스플릿터모듈에서 출력되는 파장이 서로 다른 두 개의 광을 각각의 광경로로 수신하여, 파장이 서로 다른 두 개의 광을 하나의 이미지로 촬영하는 측정카메라; 및 상기 측정카메라에서 생성된 이미지로, 피측정대상 내 혈관의 혈류속도 및 혈중 산소포화도를 분석하는 이미지분석부;를 포함하여, 서로 다른 두 파장의 근적외선 레이저광 조사와 카메라 간의 외부 트리거링 및 싱크 기술이 필요 없고, 두 파장의 광을 동시에 이미징 가능하기 때문에 실시간으로 생체조직 내 혈류속도 및 산소포화도 측정 가능하며, 단일의 카메라 사용으로 카메라 간의 싱크 맞추는 것의 어려움을 겪을 필요가 없는 빔 스플릿터를 이용한 고속 다중 모드 광학 영상장치 및 그 광학 영상장치를 이용한 혈류속도와 혈중 산소포화도 측정방법을 제공한다
Organic Solvent Dispersible MXene for Band Alignment and Interface Engineering of Colloidal Quantum Dot Photovoltaics
No full textDespite the recent developments in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics the unfavorable energy band for hole collection and the surface cracks lowers the device performance. To address these issues, we developed polycatechol functionalized MXene (PCA-MXene), which act as an interlayer and a dopant and an interlayer in CQD photovoltaics. PCA-MXene achieves a consistently dispersed mixture in a butylamine solvent, which makes MXene and CQDs work together effectively. As a result, the energy band alignment is modulated and the work function of CQDs is altered, which eventually leads to improved hole extraction. Furthermore, the surface cracks in the thiol-treated CQD layer eliminated by the PCA-MXene interlayer. Owing to these benefits, the PCA-MXene-integrated CQD device shows a 13.6% power conversion efficiency (PCE) compared to the reference device, which has a PCE of 12.8%
예쁜꼬마선충의 신경계에서 베스트로핀에 대한 유전자 발현 atlas 생성
No full textBestrophin, Channel, expression patterns, ASI, C. elegansBestrophin is a calcium-activated chloride channel that regulates cell volume and is evolutionarily well- conserved from bacteria to humans. Although the Caenorhabditis elegans genome encodes best-1 to best-26 genes, their functions and expression patterns remain not fully understood. To elucidate the function of bestrophin in C. elegans, I examined the expression pattern of the 22 best genes by generating promoter::gfp reporter genes. I established an atlas of the best genes expression patterns and found that the best genes are expressed in almost all cell types, suggesting that the best genes have diverse roles in C. elegans. Notably, 10 best genes are expressed in the nervous system. All neurons expressing each of the ten best genes are identified based on their location, morphology, and co-expression with known markers. Approximately 13% of C. elegans neurons express one or more of the best genes. best genes are predominantly expressed in sensory neurons. Additionally, best-13, -19, and -22 genes are expressed in socket or sheath cells. Especially, best-5 and best-13 are expressed in the ASI and ADL chemosensory neurons that play roles in pheromone-mediated development and behaviors, respectively. I investigated the functions of best-5 and best-13, and found that best-5 appears to mediate the dauer formation, and best-13 appears to mediate the ascr#3 avoidance behavior. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the expression patterns and functions of bestrophin genes in C. elegans, shedding light on the neuronal functions of BEST ion channels in other species.
Keywords: Bestrophin, Channel, expression patterns, ASI, C. elegans|베스트로핀 (Besrophin)은 세포 부피를 조절하는 칼슘 활성화 염화물 (Calciumactivated chloride) 채널이며 박테리아에서 인간까지 진화적으로 잘 보존되어 있습니다. 예쁜꼬마선충(Caenorhabditis elegans)의 유전자는 best-1 에서 best-26 까지의 26 개의 베스트로핀 유전자를 암호화하지만, 그 기능과 발현 양상은 완전히 이해되지 않은 상태로 남아 있습니다. 예쁜꼬마선충에서 베스트로핀의 기능을 규명하기 위해 prmoter::gfp 리포터 유전자를 생성하여 22 개의 최고의 유전자의 발현 패턴을 조사했습니다. 본 연구에서는 best 유전자 발현 패턴에 대한 atlas 을 확립했고 best 유전자가 거의 모든 세포 유형에서 발현된다는 사실을 발견했습니다. 이는 best 유전자가 예쁜꼬마선충에서 다양한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사합니다. 특히, 10 개의 best 유전자가 신경계에서 발현됩니다. 10 개의 best 유전자를 발현하는 모든 뉴런은 위치, 형태 및 알려진 마커와의 공동 발현으로 식별되었습니다. 예쁜꼬마선충 뉴런의 약 13%가 하나 이상의 best 유전자를 발현합니다. best 유전자는 주로 감각 뉴런(sensory neuron)에서 발현됩니다. 특히, best-13, -19 및 -22 유전자는 socket 또는 sheath 세포에서 발현됩니다. 특히, best-5 와 best-13 은 각각 페로몬 매개 발달과 행동에서 역할을 하는 ASI 와 ADL 화학감각 뉴런에서 발현됩니다. best-5 와 best-13 의 기능을 조사한 결과, best-5 가 dauer 형성을 매개하는 것으로 나타났고, best-13 이 ascr#3 회피 행동을 매개하는 것으로 나타났습니다. 이러한 발견은 예쁜꼬마선충의 베스트로핀 유전자의 발현 패턴과 기능에 대한 포괄적인 통찰력을 제공하여 다른 종의 BEST 이온 채널의 신경 기능에 대한 정보를 제공합니다.
핵심어: 베스트로핀, 채널, 발현 패턴, ASI, 예쁜꼬마선충Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Bestrophin channels 1
1.1.1 Overview of bestrophin channels 1
1.1.2 Bestrophin channels in mammals 3
1.1.3 Bestrophin channels in C. elegans 5
1.2 C. elegans anatomy 9
ⅠⅠ. MATERIALS AND METHODS 12
Ⅲ. RESULTS 16
3.1 Expression patterns of best genes in C. elegans 16
3.2 Neuronal expression patterns of best genes in C. elegans 22
3.3 Function of best-5 and best-13 genes 46
3.3.1 best-5 deletion mutants show increased L2d formation 46
3.3.2 best-13 deletion mutants show defects in ascr#3 avoidance 47
Ⅳ. DISCUSSIONS 52
Ⅴ. REFERENCES 54
Ⅵ. SUMMARY IN KOREANS 59MasterdCollectio
Fusion is Not Enough: Single Modal Attacks on Fusion Models for 3D Object Detection
No full textMulti-sensor fusion (MSF) is widely used in autonomous vehicles (AVs) for perception, particularly for 3D object detection with camera and LiDAR sensors. The purpose of fusion is to capitalize on the advantages of each modality while minimizing its weaknesses. Advanced deep neural network (DNN)-based fusion techniques have demonstrated the exceptional and industry-leading performance. Due to the redundant information in multiple modalities, MSF is also recognized as a general defence strategy against adversarial attacks. In this paper, we attack fusion models from the camera modality that is considered to be of lesser importance in fusion but is more affordable for attackers. We argue that the weakest link of fusion models depends on their most vulnerable modality, and propose an attack framework that targets advanced camera-LiDAR fusion-based 3D object detection models through camera-only adversarial attacks. Our approach employs a two-stage optimization-based strategy that first thoroughly evaluates vulnerable image areas under adversarial attacks, and then applies dedicated attack strategies for different fusion models to generate deployable patches. The evaluations with six advanced camera-LiDAR fusion models and one camera-only model indicate that our attacks successfully compromise all of them. Our approach can either decrease the mean average precision (mAP) of detection performance from 0.824 to 0.353, or degrade the detection score of a target object from 0.728 to 0.156, demonstrating the efficacy of our proposed attack framework. Code is available. © 2024 12th International Conference on Learning Representations, ICLR 2024. All rights reserved
An investigation of effective stimulus dispersion strategies mitigating cutaneous irritation during electrical stimulation-based tremor suppression
No full text진전은 흔한 운동 장애 중 하나로 세밀한 운동 조절을 어렵게 하여 환자의 일상생활에 부정적인 영향을 미친다. 경피 전기 자극은 비침습적으로 말초 감각 신경을 자극하여 진전을 억제할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이지만, 피부 고통을 유발하는 문제가 있다. 피부 고통의 경감을 위해 공간적 자극 분산과 시간적 자극 분산이 제시된 바 있지만, 이러한 방법을 같은 조건에서 비교한 연구는 부족하다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션을 활용하여 두 자극 분산 방법을 평가하고 피부 자극을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 자극 방법을 확인한다
Machine Learning-Based Plasma Metabolomics in Liraglutide-Treated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients and Diet-Induced Obese Mice
Get PDFLiraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is effective in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Despite its benefits, including improved glycemic control and weight loss, the common metabolic changes induced by liraglutide and correlations between those in rodents and humans remain unknown. Here, we used advanced machine learning techniques to analyze the plasma metabolomic data in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and patients with T2DM treated with liraglutide. Among the machine learning models, Support Vector Machine was the most suitable for DIO mice, and Gradient Boosting was the most suitable for patients with T2DM. Through the cross-evaluation of machine learning models, we found that liraglutide promotes metabolic shifts and interspecies correlations in these shifts between DIO mice and patients with T2DM. Our comparative analysis helped identify metabolic correlations influenced by liraglutide between humans and rodents and may guide future therapeutic strategies for T2DM and obesity. © 2024 by the authors.TRUEsciescopu
Proteogenomic analysis reveals non-small cell lung cancer subtypes predicting chromosome instability, and tumor microenvironment
Get PDFNon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is histologically classified into lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). However, some tumors are histologically ambiguous and other pathophysiological features or microenvironmental factors may be more prominent. Here we report integrative multiomics analyses using data for 229 patients from a Korean NSCLC cohort and 462 patients from previous multiomics studies. Histological examination reveals five molecular subtypes, one of which is a NSCLC subtype with PI3K-Akt pathway upregulation, showing a high proportion of metastasis and poor survival outcomes regardless of any specific NSCLC histology. Proliferative subtypes are present in LUAD and LSCC, which show strong associations with whole genome doubling (WGD) events. Comprehensive characterization of the immune microenvironment reveals various immune cell compositions and neoantigen loads across molecular subtypes, which predicting different prognoses. Immunological subtypes exhibit a hot tumor-enriched state and a higher efficacy of adjuvant therapy. © The Author(s) 2024.TRUEsciescopu
Tuning the electrocatalytic nitric oxide reduction activity of copper through alloying with nickel for NH3 production at low overpotentials
No full textGreen ammonia synthesis from the electrochemical nitric oxide reduction reaction (NORR) has evolved as an alternative to the energy-intensive and environmentally polluting Haber-Bosch process. However, it is crucial to develop efficient electrocatalysts to achieve satisfactory green NH3 production via the NORR at low overpotentials with a high selectivity for NH3. Amidst transition metals, copper (Cu) shows ideal N* adsorption free energy to facilitate NH3 production selectively. However, Cu needs a higher over-potential to facilitate multi-protonation steps. In an alkaline medium, protonation hindrance is more severe due to sluggish water dissociation kinetics. Thus, the surface reengineering of Cu with a foreign metal having optimum H* adsorption free energy, such as Ni, could boost the reaction rate at lower overpotentials. In this report, a series of electrocatalysts with different Cu and Ni compositions CuxNi100−x@NC (x = 0-100) supported on N-doped carbon nanostructures are synthesized and their physico-chemical properties and electrochemical NORR performance in 1 M KOH are evaluated. The investigation of NORR performance revealed that CuNi@NC alloys facilitate ammonia production with high faradaic efficiency (FENH) at lower overpotentials than that of pristine Cu100@NC. The optimized alloy, Cu75Ni25@NC, has achieved a remarkable FENH of about 79% with a reasonable ammonia yield rate of 3.6 μmol cm−2 h−1 at an overpotential of 610 mV. The improved NORR to NH3 activity could be attributed to the facile reaction kinetics enabled by the ideal adsorption energies for the NORR intermediates (*N and *H) over the CuNi alloy. Furthermore, we have constructed a Zn-NO battery using a Cu75Ni25@NC cathode for NH3 production. The Zn-NO battery exhibited a high-power density of 3.8 mW cm−2 with 67.33 μg cm−2 h−1 of NH3 yield rate at a discharge potential of 0.6 V vs. Zn. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.FALSEsciescopu
