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Technical Appendix: Tax Laws and Revenue Effects
No full textThis documentation extends Romer and Romer’s (2009), Cloyne’s (2012), Uhl’s (2012), and Gechert et al.'s (2016) narrative accounts of legislated tax changes up to the end of 2017. The dataset is the basis of my PhD dissertation (Hayo & Mierzwa, 2020, 2021a, 2021b, 2021c; Hayo et al., 2021; Mierzwa, 2021)
Die hethitische Keramik des Gebäudes A in Kayalıpınar/Samuha
No full textGrundlage der Dissertation stellte das keramische Fundmaterial eines öffentlichen Gebäudes in der hethitischen Stadt Samuha dar. Das Hauptziel der Bearbeitung war eine Datierung der Gründung und des Endes des Gebäudes zu erhalten sowie Aussagen zur Nutzung zu gewinnen. Der Fundort befindet sich in der Nähe von Sivas (Türkei) im Uferbereich des Kızılırmak. Nur von wenigen Fundplätze in Zentralanatolien liegt der hethitische Name vor, wodurch Kayalıpınar, das hethitische Samuha, eine Ausnahme darstellt. Darüber hinaus wurde das zu bearbeitende Gebäude vom Ausgräber überzeugend als „Palast des Großvaters“ interpretiert, der u. a. in Tontafeln vom Fundort selbst erwähnt ist.
Insgesamt liegen aus dem Gebäude A etwa 125.000 Keramik-Fragmente vor, wovon etwas mehr als 4000 diagnostische Scherben zeichnerisch dokumentiert wurden. Neben der Bearbeitung des Fundmaterials wurden auch die stratigraphischen Verhältnisse im Gebäude bestimmt. Dies erforderte die Auswertung und Abstimmung der Profilzeichnungen sowie der Fundbeschreibungen.
Bisher wurde angenommen, dass das Gebäude zu Beginn der Mittelhethitischen Zeit im frühen 15. Jh. v. Chr. gegründet wurde. Jedoch hat sich in meiner Untersuchung ergeben, dass es etwas früher, etwa in der ersten Hälfte des 16. Jh. v. Chr. errichtet wurde. Darüber hinaus konnten die Forschungen belegen, dass das Gebäude nicht wie zuvor angenommen, bereits am Ende der Mittelhethitischen Zeit größtenteils aufgegeben wurde, sondern dass es bis zum Ende der Großreichszeit (ca. 1200 v. Chr.) in Nutzung war.
Die Auswertung des Fundmaterials gab die Funktion betreffend folgende Ergebnisse: Im Vergleich zu anderen öffentlichen hethitischen Gebäuden sind Schalen und Schüsseln, insbesondere Trinkschalen, überrepräsentiert. Da sich andere Gefäße, wie etwa Votivschälchen, Libationsarme und sog. Spindle Bottles, eindeutig in den Bereich des Kultes einordnen lassen, liegt der Schluss nahe, dass die hohe Anzahl der Trinkschalen mit entsprechenden Ritualen unter Beteiligung einer großen Personenzahl in Zusammenhang zu bringen ist.
Weitere statistische Auswertungen wurden durchgeführt, um die Durchmesser gleicher Schalentypen verschiedener öffentlicher Gebäude miteinander zu vergleichen. Besonders aufschlussreich sind die Ergebnisse des Vergleichs der beiden zum selben palatialen Komplex gehörenden Gebäude A und B in Kayalıpınar/Samuha, da chronologische und regionalspezifische Faktoren aufgrund ihrer gleichzeitigen Nutzung ausgeschlossen werden können. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass im Vergleich zu Gebäude B im Gebäude A kleinere Gefäße Verwendung gefunden haben. Die Größenunterschiede der Gefäße dürften auf einem unterschiedlichen Personenkreis und verschiedenen Essgewohnheiten in den beiden Teilen des Palastkomplexes hindeuten. Währende in dem eher als „Wirtschaftstrakt“ der Anlage anzusprechenden Gebäude B die dort tendenziell größeren Gefäße offenbar auf Gemeinschaftsverpflegung“ zurückzuführen sind, sind die kleineren Gefäße des Gebäudes A eher mit individuellen Mahlzeiten im Zusammenhang zu sehen. Es deutet sich somit eine soziale Abstufung an.
Die Untersuchungen belegen, dass die Auswertung großer Fundmengen mit statistischen Methoden neben chronologischen Aussagen auch weitere aufschlussreiche kulturhistorische Interpretationen ermöglichen
Search Balance and Product and Process Innovations
No full textFirms’ search for external knowledge is one aspect of knowledge integration in the innovation process. The literature has investigated innovation and the breadth of search in different information channels. We introduce the concept of search balance reflecting the heterogeneity of a firm’s knowledge base. Results from German Community Innovation Survey data shows that search balance is positively connected to the introduction of product as well as process innovations. The connection is stronger for process innovations. The relative balance between all information sources used by firms is important for process innovations, but less so for product innovations. Product innovations rely on specific search directions where internal or market-based knowledge is found, offering an alternative to balanced search. Such an alternative does not exist for process innovations such that knowledge from specific information channels has to be accompanied by balanced search in other channels to be successfully used for process innovations
Effective Promotion of Renewable Energy in the Presence of an Emissions Trading System
No full textThis paper contributes to the literature of overlapping regulations as
we introduce a model, which gives insights in an efective combination
of the EU emissions trading system (ETS) and the promotion of renew-
able energy within the electricity sector. Under consideration of EU
long term objectives in CO2 mitigation we evaluate the efcient share
of renewable energy. Hence, we give rise to the question, if the actual
amount of renewable energy production already exceeds this share mak-
ing a stop or at least a modification of its promotion necessary. Our
approach proves to be robust to a change of pattern of marginal abate-
ment costs (MAC), while resulting variances can be narrowed down and
quantified. For its application to empirical data, we develop a method
to evaluate the performance of the ETS and the promotion of renewable
energy. On that basis we suggest modifications of the ETS to uncouple
the certificate price from economical fluctuations and the development
of renewable energy leading to their better combination and stronger
mitigation incentives. For Germany it turns out, that the electricity
generation of renewables has not exceeded its optimal share yet, while
data is restricted due to low mitigation incentives set by the ETS. There-
fore both the suggested improvement of the ETS and the monitoring of
the development of renewable energy, referred to our model, is strongly
recommended
Invasive Giant B-Cell Lymphoma Mimicking Fulminant Pulmonary Embolism
No full textCardiac non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is rare and has a poor prognosis. Here we report a rare case mimicking pulmonary embolism.
A 38-year-old woman suffered from severe dyspnea after cesarean section. With the clinical picture of fulminant central pulmonary embolism, lysis therapy was initiated. Further deterioration necessitated extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and cardiosurgical intervention. Intraoperatively, a massive intravascular tumor obstructed the pulmonary bifurcation and was found to be B-cell lymphoma. Aggressive excision and pulmonary tree reconstruction improved the critical condition and initiated convalescence.
High suspicion in central pulmonary embolism and early cardiosurgical therapy after ineffective lysis are essential.Gefördert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der UB Marburg
Recent Innovations of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Combined with Photodynamic Therapy for Improving Cancer Treatment
No full textCancer is a global health burden and is one of the leading causes of death. Photodynamic
therapy (PDT) is considered an alternative approach to conventional cancer treatment. PDT utilizes a
light-sensitive compound, photosensitizers (PSs), light irradiation, and molecular oxygen (O2). This
generates cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can trigger necrosis and/ or apoptosis,
leading to cancer cell death in the intended tissues. Classical photosensitizers impose limitations
that hinder their clinical applications, such as long-term skin photosensitivity, hydrophobic nature,
nonspecific targeting, and toxic cumulative effects. Thus, nanotechnology emerged as an unorthodox
solution for improving the hydrophilicity and targeting efficiency of PSs. Among nanocarriers,
mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have gained increasing attention due to their high surface
area, defined pore size and structure, ease of surface modification, stable aqueous dispersions, good
biocompatibility, and optical transparency, which are vital for PDT. The advancement of integrated
MSNs/PDT has led to an inspiring multimodal nanosystem for effectively treating malignancies.
This review gives an overview of the main components and mechanisms of the PDT process, the
effect of PDT on tumor cells, and the most recent studies that reported the benefits of incorporating
PSs into silica nanoparticles and integration with PDT against different cancer cells.Gefördert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der UB Marburg
Novel intranasal vaccine targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain to mucosal microfold cells and adjuvanted with TLR3 agonist Riboxxim™ elicits strong antibody and T-cell responses in mice
No full textSARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate in the human population necessitating regular booster immunization for its long-term control. Ideally, vaccines should ideally not only protect against symptomatic disease, but also prevent transmission via asymptomatic shedding and cover existing and future variants of the virus. This may ultimately only be possible through induction of potent and long-lasting immune responses in the nasopharyngeal tract, the initial entry site of SARS-CoV-2. To this end, we have designed a vaccine based on recombinantly expressed receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, fused to the C-terminus of C. perfringens enterotoxin, which is known to target Claudin-4, a matrix molecule highly expressed on mucosal microfold (M) cells of the nasal and bronchial-associated lymphoid tissues. To further enhance immune responses, the vaccine was adjuvanted with a novel toll-like receptor 3/RIG-I agonist (Riboxxim™), consisting of synthetic short double stranded RNA. Intranasal prime-boost immunization of mice induced robust mucosal and systemic anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 strains Wuhan-Hu-1, and several variants (B.1.351/beta, B.1.1.7/alpha, B.1.617.2/delta), as well as systemic T-cell responses. A combination vaccine with M-cell targeted recombinant HA1 from an H1N1 G4 influenza strain also induced mucosal and systemic antibodies against influenza. Taken together, the data show that development of an intranasal SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on recombinant RBD adjuvanted with a TLR3 agonist is feasible, also as a combination vaccine against influenza.Gefördert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der UB Marburg
Diagnostic Impact of Dual-Time PET/CT with 68Gallium-PSMA in Prostate Cancer and 68Gallium-DOTATOC in Neuroendocrine Tumors
No full textBackground: The timing of imaging for 68gallium (68Ga)-PSMA and 68Ga-DOTATOC are stated to be around 60 min post-injection (p.i.). In some lesions, late imaging (3–4 h p.i.) showed advantages. The aim of our evaluation was to demonstrate the relevance of an “early” late acquisition. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 112 patients who underwent 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET/CT and 82 patients who underwent 68Ga-PSMA-PET/CT. The first scan was acquired 60 min (±15 min) after application. In cases of diagnostic ambiguity, a second scan was performed 30–60 min later. Pathological lesions were analyzed. Results: Almost half of all 68Ga-DOTATOC cases and about one-third of all 68Ga-PSMA examinations showed a change in findings due to the second acquisition. In total, 45.5% of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients and 66.7% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients showed relevant TNM classification changes. For 68Ga-PSMA, there were significant increases in sensitivity and specificity from 81.8% to 95.7% and from 66.7% to 100%, respectively. Statistically significant improvements in sensitivity (from 53.3% to 93.3%) and specificity (from 54.6% to 86.4%) were demonstrated for NET patients. Conclusion: Early second images can improve diagnostics with 68Ga-DOTATOC and 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT.Gefördert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der UB Marburg
Regional population structure and young workers’ wages
No full textThis paper estimates the effect that changes in the size of the youth population have on the wages of young workers. Assuming that differently aged workers are only imperfectly substitutable, economic theory predicts that individuals in larger age groups earn lower wages. We test this hypothesis for a sample of young, male, full-time employees in Western Germany during the period 1999-2010. In contrast to other studies, functional rather than administrative spatial entities are used as they provide a more accurate measure of the youth population in an actual labour market. Based on instrumental variables estimation, we show that an increase in the youth share by one percentage point is predicted to decrease a young worker’s wages by 3%. Our results also suggest that a substantial part of this effect is due to members of larger age groups being more likely to be employed in lower-paying occupations
PENNY STOCKS #1 – Anja Köhne and Sinja Kemper
No full textDie Ausstellungsreihe PENNY STOCKS bringt im Kunstmuseum Marburg Arbeiten von Lehrenden und Studierenden des Instituts für Bildende Kunst der Philipps-Universität Marburg zusammen. Im Jahr 2023 präsentierten Anja Köhne und Sinja Kemper ihre künstlerischen Arbeiten. Die vorliegende Publikation erlaubt einen Rückblick auf die Ausstellung und dokumentiert die Zwiesprache zweier Künstler*innen, die mit höchst unterschiedlichen Medien arbeiten: bewegte Bilder und Federzeichnungen, Aquarellfarben und Monitore.The PENNY STOCKS exhibition series at the Marburg Art Museum brings together works by teachers and students from the Institute of Fine Arts at the Philipps University of Marburg. In 2023, Anja Köhne and Sinja Kemper presented their artistic works. This publication provides a look back at the exhibition and documents the dialogue between two artists who work with very different media: moving images and ink drawings, watercolors and monitors