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A novel IoT system for remote monitoring in geriatric rehabilitation
No full textThis paper presents the design, development, and implementation of a geriatric rehabilitation kit consisting of four dynamic stations, aimed at improving the physical and cognitive well-being of older adults through the use of emerging technologies. The system employs specialized sensors, computer vision, interactive games, a web-based video game, and MQTT communication. It operates on an architecture of ESP32 development boards, sensors, and a VPS server for real-time data storage and analysis.Each geriatric station was designed to stimulate specific abilities: motor activity with a pedal board and video game, agility and memory through a cognitive panel, gait cycle rehabilitation with artificial vision, and balance improvement with the stairs and slope monitored by sensors.The results obtained from experimental tests conducted with geriatric patients at a senior care center demonstrated significant improvements in their physical and cognitive performance, as evidenced by the collected metrics and historical chart analysis. The combination of different sensors and their programming facilitates key data collection, optimizing physical therapy processes and promoting active aging. Furthermore, high acceptance was observed among patients and healthcare professionals, who highlighted the motivation the kit generates and the usefulness of remote monitoring. It is concluded that the kit not only promotes active aging but also represents a viable, scalable, and low-cost solution for physical therapy centers
QR Code-Based Ecoprint Catalog Digitalization as a Strategic Innovation for Sustainable MSME Development at Tembindigo
No full textIntroduction: New eco-friendly creative industries focus on sustainable innovations such as ecoprinting which transfers natural motifs from plants onto fabrics. However, many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) still grapple with production consistency issues stemming from inadequate botanical knowledge. Therefore, this study focused on developing a digital ecoprint catalogue based on QR codes at Tembindigo MSME in Yogyakarta. The objectives included documenting the characteristics of local plants to enhance ecoprint training sessions and foster sustainability-oriented developmental growth within MSMEs.
Methods: The study used a Participatory Action Research (PAR) design that included seven members from Tembindigo MSME and 25 participants of the training. Some of the key steps were entitled local plant asset mapping, collecting leaves alongside their motifs, and combining that with the digital catalogue to embed QR codes. As for user satisfaction and the effectiveness of digitalisation, both variables were analysed through Likert-scaled questionnaires and quantitative analysis alongside qualitative word cloud feedback.
Results: The results showed that 85% of the documented plants formed distinct and consistent motifs. Users reported overall satisfaction with the platform (mean score above 4.5/5) and praised its accessibility, information clarity, and effectiveness in treatment-shared guidance. Furthermore, the QR-based system minimized trial-and-error processes and significantly bolstered self-paced learning in training sessions. It also added to Tembindigo’s branding and experience value offered to visitors.
Conclusion: The overall learning and motif consistency were notably enhanced through the use of the QR-based ecoprint catalogue, therefore, providing an innovative and MSME-friendly solution. It integrates traditional crafts and digital technologies, strengthens the branding of MSMEs, and fosters sustainable eco-friendly entrepreneurship. This model can be utilized by ecoprint-based MSMEs aiming to enhance training, quality, and market outreach
Portable Technologies in Clinical Biochemistry, from the laboratory to the point of care
No full textConstant advances in science, technology, and innovation have favored the development of biomedical sciences, providing them with tools such as computer science and artificial intelligence. In the field of clinical biochemistry, advances are needed to optimize and accelerate timely diagnosis. This article aims to describe the advantages and usefulness of POCT devices for diagnosis in clinical biochemistry. Portable technologies in clinical biochemistry applied to laboratory diagnosis promise to overcome the barriers of conventional techniques (time, infrastructure, cost, sensitivity, and specificity). Their usefulness varies, being applicable in response to pandemics, for the management of chronic diseases, promoting accessibility and equity in health, and improving the efficiency of the system while empowering the patient. Similarly, the possibility of integration into wearable devices and smartphones makes it an accessible and attractive medium. Use cases were identified that demonstrate not only its theoretical usefulness but also its actual capacity for use in practic
Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovations in Scaffolding Technologies, Stem Cell Engineering, and Bioprinting for Tissue Repair and Organ Regeneration
No full textIntroduction: regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are emerging disciplines that seek to restore the function of damaged tissues and organs through technological innovations. These areas combine biology, engineering, and medicine to develop solutions that improve patients\u27 quality of life. In this context, scaffolding technologies, stem cell engineering, and bioprinting stand out as key tools for tissue repair and organ regeneration.Development: scaffolds are three-dimensional structures that provide physical support for cell growth and tissue formation. They can be designed with biocompatible materials that mimic the properties of natural tissue, facilitating integration with the body. Stem cell engineering, on the other hand, allows for the extraction and differentiation of cells with regenerative potential, which is crucial for repairing damage to specific tissues. Bioprinting, an innovative technique, uses 3D printers to create complex cellular structures, enabling the manufacture of personalized tissues and artificial organs. These technologies have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies, offering new hope in the treatment of degenerative diseases, traumatic injuries, and birth defects.Conclusions: innovations in scaffolding technologies, stem cell engineering, and bioprinting are opening up new possibilities for tissue and organ repair and regeneration. As these technologies continue to evolve, it is critical to address the associated ethical and regulatory challenges to ensure their safe and effective implementation in clinical practice
Evaluation of the use of contrast agents in medical imaging
No full textAdvances in medical imaging techniques have significantly improved clinical diagnosis, and contrast agents have become essential tools in procedures such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, their use has been associated with significant risks, particularly contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which mainly affects patients with pre-existing renal or cardiovascular disease. The studies reviewed addressed the pathophysiological mechanisms of this complication, as well as the most effective prevention strategies, such as intravenous hydration and the use of agents with lower renal toxicity potential. The safety of iodinated and even gadolinium-based contrast agents was also analysed, highlighting that some compounds offered a safer profile. Despite advances, clinical controversies persisted, and the need for further research to optimise preventive management and ensure patient safety was emphasised
Evaluation of the effectiveness of an entomopathogenic consortium for the control of mealybug (Planococcus citri) located on the María Auxiliadora campus of the Salesian Polytechnic University
No full textIntroduction: in the city of Guayaquil, the mealybug pest poses a threat to various plant species. Biological control strategies, such as the use of one of its natural predators, ladybugs, are also possible, as are other solutions such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi.Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of an entomopathogenic consortium consisting of the species Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, and Purpureocillium lilacinum against the mealybug species Planococcus citri in lemon plants.Method: the experimental strategy was carried out on the grounds of the Salesian Polytechnic University, María Auxiliadora campus. Lemon trees were infected with Planococcus citri for 4 to 6 months, two weeks before the application of the treatments. The 7 treatments, except for the application control, consisted of 3 different concentrations (200 %, 100 %, and 50 %) of the positive control (chemical detergent) and the entomopathogenic consortium.Results: the mortality rate of scale insects and the efficacy of the consortium were analyzed. Treatment 3 (100%) produced the highest mortality rate; while treatment 2, the positive control, and treatment 3, the entomopathogenic consortium, showed no significant differences in efficacy. In addition, chlorophyll was analyzed before and after treatment; treatment 3 showed significant differences compared to the positive control treatments.Conclusions: the entomopathogenic fungal consortium proved to be an effective alternative to chemical insecticides for controlling Planococcus citri, as higher mortality of the pest and a significant population reduction were observed with the use of this treatment compared to the negative and positive controls.
Biological Control of Planococcus citri by Entomopathogenic Fungi: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications
No full textIntroduction: entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) represent a sustainable and effective alternative for the biological control of agricultural pests, such as the citrus scale (Planococcus citri), which significantly affects lemon crops in Ecuador. These fungi, including Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Lecanicillium lecanii, act as natural insect pathogens, reducing dependence on chemical pesticides.Objective: to review the potential of EPFs as biological control agents against Planococcus citri, analyzing their mechanisms of action, efficacy, and applications in Ecuadorian agriculture.Development: EPFs infect scale insects by adhesion, germination, penetration, and colonization, producing enzymes and toxins that degrade the insect\u27s cuticle. Studies show that strains such as Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are especially effective against P. citri nymphs and adults. However, their effectiveness can be limited by environmental factors such as humidity, temperature, and the presence of waxy coatings on the insect.Conclusions: HEPs are a promising tool for integrated pest management in citrus, although their success depends on optimal environmental conditions and stable formulations. Further local research evaluating native strains and application strategies is recommended to maximize their effectiveness in controlling P. citri
Bioremediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated soils: review and perspective for Ecuador in the Latin American context
No full textIntroduction: soil contamination by hydrocarbons is a critical problem in megadiverse countries like Ecuador, where oil activity generates severe environmental impacts, especially in sensitive ecosystems such as the Amazon.Objective: to examine the state-of-the-art bioremediation techniques for hydrocarbon-contaminated soils in Latin America, with a special emphasis on Ecuador.Development: bioremediation is addressed as a sustainable alternative for restoring contaminated soils, highlighting techniques such as phytoremediation, mycoremediation, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and the use of biochar and biosurfactants. The role of indigenous microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) and microbial consortia in the degradation of contaminants such as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is emphasized. Although there has been significant international progress, the applicability of these techniques in tropical and megadiverse contexts—such as those in Latin America—remains limited. Ecuador, despite its environmental vulnerability and economic dependence on oil, has limited scientific output in this field.Conclusions: there is a need to adapt bioremediation strategies to local conditions, considering soil and climate factors, native biodiversity, and socio-environmental dynamics
Optimization of the drinking water treatment system in Bochalema: a technical and operational proposal
No full textIntroduction: This study addressed the development of an operation and maintenance manual for the El Topacio Drinking Water Treatment Plant in the municipality of Bochalema, Norte de Santander. The importance of drinking water as a fundamental right was recognized, and it was noted that the plant faced technical and operational problems that compromised the quality of the water supplied.Development: To develop the manual, we began with a review of the Technical Regulations for the Drinking Water and Basic Sanitation Sector (RAS) and similar studies conducted in other municipalities in the country. Key concepts such as raw water, residual chlorine, preventive maintenance, and water quality were integrated. In addition, relevant background information was analyzed, showing successful experiences in improving treatment plants through technical diagnostics and maintenance strategies. The geographical, demographic, and environmental situation of the municipality was studied, identifying key aspects such as the main water resource (the Aguablanca stream) and the sources of pollution present in the area.Conclusions: The manual proved to be a technical and training tool for improving plant efficiency, standardizing procedures, and strengthening decision-making. It was adapted to the specific conditions of the territory and proposed as a basis for training operational personnel. Its correct implementation would guarantee service continuity, preserve infrastructure, and ensure sustainable access to drinking water for the population of Bochalema
Application of a Methodological Framework for the Development of a Hazop Study of a CSTR Reactor for the Production of Propylene Glycol from Propylene Oxide Using Process Simulation in Aspen Hysys
No full textHAZOP analysis is a systematic and structured method used to identify operational problems and potential hazards within a process. The methodology implemented, proposed in previous research (Danko et al., 2019), is based on the incorporation of process simulation to carry out a HAZOP study, through the construction of the process operating window and the establishment of deviations in the relevant process parameters. This methodology also includes a process layer analysis (LOPA), with special emphasis on the process design layers and the basic process control system. This research uses a CSTR reactor used in the production of propylene glycol through the hydrolysis reaction of propylene oxide as a case study, and was carried out using the commercial simulator Aspen HYSYS. For the initial operating conditions, a temperature of 91.63°C, a water conversion of 95%, an outlet product flow of 10.29 mol/s, and a propylene glycol composition in the product of approximately 56% were obtained in both cases. Using dynamic simulation, the deviations corresponding to the scenarios proposed were simulated, then the consequences observed were carefully analyzed, and preventive measures (known as safeguards) were proposed for each scenario. Finally, the study report was prepared based on the information obtained in the previous phase. The results obtained demonstrate that it is possible to effectively implement the methodology within the HYSYS simulator. In the short term, this methodology can be very useful as an initial stage of simulation-based process analysis, prior to the execution of a traditional HAZOP by a multidisciplinary group of experts in this method