Community and Interculturality in Dialogue (Journal)
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Healthcare Disparities and Cultural Factors in India and Argentina
No full textThis scientific text explores the healthcare systems, cultural factors, and health challenges in the Republic of India and Argentina. It begins by emphasizing the importance of understanding how disease is perceived and experienced differently by individuals due to cultural and socioeconomic factors. It highlights that people\u27s definitions of health and illness influence their healthcare-seeking behavior. The text provides insights into India\u27s complex social and economic landscape, characterized by significant diversity in language, religion, and caste. Despite its economic growth, India faces challenges such as poverty, illiteracy, malnutrition, and gender inequality. These factors contribute to a high burden of noncommunicable diseases, respiratory infections, and other health issues. The healthcare system in India is described as a mix of public and private providers, with access to quality care often determined by one\u27s economic status. Comparatively, the Argentine healthcare system is discussed, which includes public, private, and prepaid sectors. Argentina\u27s constitution guarantees access to healthcare as a fundamental right, and public expenditure on health is used to provide free coverage with easy access for the population. The text concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing health disparities and improving healthcare access, particularly for vulnerable populations. It underscores the role of nursing professionals in providing culturally sensitive care and facilitating effective communication to enhance patient outcome
Death as a thread of Cultural and Religious Identity
Get PDFThis article approaches death from an anthropological perspective, exploring its historical evolution and its influence on diverse cultures and societies. It begins by examining how anthropology has contributed to our understanding of death, from its roots in the supernatural to contemporary approaches. Three pivotal periods in anthropological death research are identified: the twentieth-century evolutionary, the heyday of symbolic anthropology, and the current interdisciplinary era. The analysis focuses on the impact of European colonization in the New World and how anthropology emerged as a tool for documenting and understanding cultural and religious changes among indigenous populations who encountered the colonizers. In addition, it explores funerary beliefs and practices in diverse cultures, from the Incas in Argentina to contemporary native cultures in the same country. It highlights rituals and conceptions of death in different religions, including Catholicism, Buddhism, Islam and others. The article underscores the importance of appreciating the cultural diversity surrounding death in a globalized world. Despite superficial differences, death remains a universal theme that raises fundamental questions about life and transcendence. Understanding how different cultures confront and give meaning to death is essential to promote cross-cultural empathy and respect in today\u27s societ
Perception of illness and death in the nursing setting
Get PDFThis paper delves into how nurses perceive illness and death and how it impacts their daily practice. Nurses\u27 perceptions are shaped by their educational background, professional experience, personal beliefs, and cultural context. They receive training in disease management and palliative care, providing them with the knowledge to approach these situations professionally. However, personal experiences, beliefs, and emotions also influence their response. The evolution of medical science has led to the medicalization of death, with nurses often caring for dying patients in hospital settings. The emotional burden on nurses necessitates emotional self-awareness and support networks to manage stress and trauma effectively. Cultural influences play a significant role in how nurses perceive illness and death. Some cultures avoid open discussions about death, creating communication barriers. Nurses must develop culturally sensitive communication skills to provide respectful care. Various medical traditions, such as Western medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine, and Indigenous medicine, offer different perspectives on illness and death. Cultural differences extend to funeral practices and beliefs about the afterlife. Anonymous interviews with nurses highlighted their diverse responses to death and the emotional toll it can take. Support programs and psychological assistance should be available to help nurses cope with these challenges. In conclusion, nurses\u27 perceptions of illness and death are multifaceted, influenced by education, experience, personal beliefs, and culture. Emotional management and institutional support are crucial for effective patient care. Creating an environment that encourages open communication and respect for these issues is essential. Nurses must engage in ongoing self-reflection to provide compassionate care and address the complex emotional aspects of their professio
Curanderismo in Argentina: a view to diversity
Get PDFHealing practices have existed worldwide in different cultures since ancient times, have influenced throughout history, and are rooted in different cultures, demonstrating their importance in wellness and health care. “Curanderismo” it is a set of practices exercised by healers in a ceremony; it is an ancestral custom perpetuated over the centuries, combining traditional indigenous medicine and folk medicine. Its anthropological position may also incorporate the traditional roles of the healing man and the shaman. The curandero in Argentina country has a deep spiritual and cultural meaning. However, with the advance of the current medina, it is still a valid option, respected by communities or individuals seeking comprehensive care or an approach to healing from the spiritual. Encouraging interdisciplinary contact between healers and traditional practitioners is relevant for exchange, collaboration, and mutual respect to better understand the healing practices and their effectiveness. The curandismo acquires relevance due to the connection of beliefs of social groups because health is understood as a balance of nature and its elements. It is seen as an intermediary between the real and spiritual world. However, it should be appropriately regulated, promoting a regularization to prevent and guarantee the patient\u27s health, promoting and eliminating barriers with a responsible, ethical approach that can play a valuable role in health care and well-bein
Evaluation of Burnout Syndrome and associated factors in primary care health personnel
Get PDFObjective: to evaluate Burnout syndrome and associated factors in health personnel of Primary Care. Methods: observational, analytical, cross-sectional study, carried out in Pinar del Río during January 2023, in non-probabilistic sampling for convenience, of 127 participants, who met the inclusion criteria. The application of instruments such as the Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire, allowed obtaining the information that gave output to the studied variables, applying descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Medical ethics were respected. Results: 66,9 % of the workers were women, with a median of 31 years of age. Resident physicians predominated (45,7 %), with a median of 8 years working in the sector. 73,2 % showed overload, with the emotional exhaustion dimension being the most affected. The presence of Burnout syndrome was associated with sleeping eight hours a day (p=0,016) and with satisfaction with economic income (p<0,001). The affectation of the emotional exhaustion dimension was statistically associated with sex, religion and sleeping eight hours a day (p<0,05). Depersonalization was associated with religion (p=0,001), sleeping eight hours a day (p=0,016), smoking (p=0,001) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0,011); while professional achievement was related to sleeping eight hours a day (p<0,001), adequate dietary habits (p=0,038) and satisfaction with economic income (p=0,016). Conclusions: Burnout syndrome was evaluated in primary care health personnel, identifying the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and work variables of the sample, and their relationship with professional exhaustio
Alternative and complementary medicine: A look at the general culture
Get PDFThis paper explores the world of traditional medicine and complementary and alternative medicine from a multicultural perspective. It begins by highlighting the importance of traditional medicine in various cultures and its vital link to the cultural identity of ethnic groups. It then differentiates between traditional medicine and complementary/alternative medicine, explaining that the former is part of a specific culture, while the latter is used in conjunction with or in place of conventional medicine. The paper highlights how traditional and complementary medicine often seek to balance the physical, spiritual and experiential aspects of health and how these practices are rooted in culture and nature. Numerous alternative and complementary therapies, such as herbal medicine, acupuncture, reflexology, yoga, and aromatherapy, are mentioned, and it is emphasized that these therapies are based on natural and noninvasive approaches. In addition, the relationship between traditional medicine and Western medicine is discussed, and how in some places they are being harmoniously combined to provide holistic health care. The example of intercultural medicine in Cuba is mentioned, where scientific medicine, traditional Chinese medicine and natural and traditional medicine are integrated. The importance of preserving and respecting the traditions and practices of traditional medicine of indigenous cultures, such as Mapuche medicine in South America, is emphasized. It is mentioned that these traditions not only treat individual diseases, but also seek to maintain balance with nature and culture. In conclusion, it is emphasized that traditional and complementary medicine offer a different perspective on health and wellness, and it is important to approach them critically and with proper medical guidance. These practices can offer holistic approaches to health care and are an integral part of cultural diversity in health car
Nursing care to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonias in adult patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation is a serious complication in patients with artificial airway in intensive care units, increasing morbidity and mortality. It increases the use of antibiotics, oropharyngeal microbial resistance increasing the risk, driving the need for preventive strategies. Methods: a review of scientific articles published between (2018-2023) in PubMed was conducted. Key terms: nursing prevention, Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation in adults. Fourteen relevant studies were selected for analysis, looking for preventive measures of mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia. Results: 14 articles analyzed in the last 5 years (2018-2023), focused on prevention of mechanical ventilation-associated pneumonia. The most effective preventive measures included head-of-bed elevation, oral hygiene with chlorhexidine, subglottic suctioning, and endotracheal tube pressure control. Implementation of these strategies decreased the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia and improved the recovery of patients on mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: ventilator-associated pneumonia represents a challenge in intensive care units, with high mortality. Preventive measures, such as bundles of care, can reduce infections and improve patient health. Nursing staff collaboration is essential for the successful implementation of preventive strategies in older patients to reduce the risks associated with mechanical ventilation and improve care in the intensive care uni
Wellness and Integrative Health Education Campaign by undergraduate students in Music Therapy
Get PDFIntroduction: educational experiences based on the model of critical pedagogy favor the appropriation of knowledge and information used in the fields of social and cultural exchange as well as in the acquisition of competences that contribute to the graduate\u27s profile through the operative and instrumental design, as is the case of the health education campaign on wellbeing and integral health carried out by students of the Bachelor\u27s Degree in Music Therapy at the University of Business and Social Sciences (UCES). Methods: the study is qualitative with a narrative approach and dialogic analysis. Results: educational objectives were achieved in a double sense on the one hand in students of the Bachelor\u27s Degree in Music Therapy and in the community participating in the activity of the health education campaign of wellbeing and integral health within the framework of the evaluation instance of the bimonthly optional curricular space: Public Health developed on October 6, 2023, highlighting the relevance of the task and the value of dimensioning the discipline of music therapy in health sciences. Conclusions: the contributions referred to are materialized as symbolic elaborations that resignify the educational experience, the cooperative learning process, the strengthening of competences defined in the graduate\u27s profile, the integration of music therapy in public health scenarios and devices, as well as the community practice mediated by a programmed activity, elaborated, and developed in situ linking the relationship between the university and the communit
Social construction of illness and disease
Get PDFThe meaning of illness varies according to the paradigm and the perspective it approaches. From the positivist paradigm, typical of the field of biomedicine, the disease is conceived from a mechanistic or biologistic point of view so that priority is given to the organic alteration that occurs in the human body, ignoring the subjectivity inherent in this process. We will analyze the social construction of illness through an anthropological perspective, including considerations of the role of society, the conditioning factors and effects observed in this process and the social responses that medicine assumes in this dynamic. In nature, disease does not exist as such but as a biological phenomenon that can only be distinguished because it breaks a specific sequence of events that are part of a continuous process. With the witnessing eye of the human being, this phenomenon makes sense. It is the individual and society that give the label of disease to a particular event. This label is the result of a social construction and, as such, is described in this article from a sociological point of view. Illness is constructed through a doctor-patient bond in which roles and expectations of mutual fulfilment are generated. Medicine is a response of the culture to legitimize the condition of sickness in someone who cannot continue to fulfil his or her usual roles. Some schools consider illness a legitimate deviation as long as it is assumed that the patient is not responsible for his ailment; if responsibility is assumed, the illness is considered an illegitimate deviation with a solid moral pejorative conditio