Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
Not a member yet
1715 research outputs found
Sort by
Advancements in Solid Dispersions for Enhancing Drug Solubility and Bioavailability: Insights on Anticancer and Herbal Medicines
Get PDFThe enhancement of drug solubility and bioavailability is a significant challenge in pharmaceutical sciences. Solid dispersions have emerged as a promising strategy to address this issue. This research provides a comprehensive review of the advancements in solid dispersion technologies, focusing on the classification and characteristics of different generations of solid dispersions. The study highlights the evolution from first-generation solid dispersions, utilizing crystalline carriers, to fourth-generation systems that incorporate water-insoluble polymers and surfactants to improve drug release and bioavailability. The efficacy of various carriers and techniques, such as hot melt extrusion and solvent evaporation, is critically analyzed. Additionally, the impact of these advancements on poorly soluble anticancer drugs and herbal medicines is discussed, providing insights into future research directions and potential therapeutic applications
Co-teaching and collaborative work in inclusive educational contexts
Get PDFIntroduction. Interdisciplinary collaboration stands out as a key strategy for inclusive education, mediated by teamwork both inside and outside the classroom, focusing on the work of regular and special education teachers in the inclusive educational context, taking into account the mental health of the members of the school community. Co-teaching, on the other hand, involves a transformation of teaching practices to improve the learning of all students within the classroom. Objective. The purpose of the article is to describe the pedagogical experience of co-teachers from the social imaginaries of classroom teams in educational institutions in the province of Concepción, Chile. Methods. Since imaginaries are subjective aspects, they are approached from a complementary perspective, which allows for the consideration of phenomenological and hermeneutical aspects. The approach was qualitative, through a multiple case study. The information was analyzed by seeking the mobility of social imaginaries, where social coordinate maps were the tools used to visualize the shifts in emerging categories. Conclusions. The study shows a strong social force deeply rooted in the conception of inclusive education as a model imposed by regulations, with competitive and individual pedagogical practices, characterized by tense and hierarchical relationships that do not contribute to the mental health of all. At the same time, imaginaries also emerge as opacities, projecting a new school where the recognition of others is seen as a possibility for joint construction and learning, beyond the imperatives defined by official voic
Appraisal of Microbial Indoor Air Quality in Applied Medical Sciences College
Get PDFIntroduction: human activities like talking, sneezing, coughing, walking, washing, and toilet use contribute to an increased airborne microbiological load. The air is full of various microorganisms, which act as a medium for their transmission or dissemination. This study aimed to determine the types and concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols, evaluate the indoor air quality, and determine the factors responsible for their presence in the College of Applied Medical Sciences building, PSAU, KSA.Method: indoor microbial loads were evaluated by collecting 84 samples from different localities using the settle plate method. Results: the average indoor microbiological air ranges from 0 to 150,7 and 13,1 to 242,5 CFU per m3 for fungi and bacteria, respectively. In the indoor-to-outdoor ratio, the results recorded 0,033 to 0,067 and 0,022 to 0,049 for fungi and bacteria, respectively. A total of 282 bacteria were identified, 2 isolates belonging to Gram-positive cocci (Kocuria rhizophila 3,3 %, and Staphylococcus epidermidis 15 %), Gram-positive cocci (14 %), and Gram-positive rod belonging to Bacillus spp. (39 %). One isolate was identified as Sphingomonas paucimobilis (0,7 %). Fungal indoor isolates (n=48) were isolated; 46 isolates were filamentous fungi identified as 9(18,8 %) Aspergillus spp. (A. niger, A. terreus, A. ochraceus, and other Aspergillus spp.), 9(18,8 %) Alternaria spp., 8(16,7 %) Penicillium spp., 3(6,3 %) Fusarium spp., 2(4,2 %) Rhizopus spp., 2(4,2 %) Cladosporium spp., 1(2,1 %) Drechslera sp., and 12(25 %) different unknown species, in addition to two yeast isolates. Conclusions: the building is safe and suitable for the current number of students, and the building’s design is in the same condition
What Are the Learning Obstacles in Students\u27 Algebraic Thinking During the Introduction of Plane Geometry Material?
Get PDFThis research addresses the challenges elementary students face in developing algebraic thinking skills, particularly during the introduction of plane geometry topics such as squares and rectangles. Algebraic thinking, essential for identifying patterns, relationships, and generalizations, is often hindered by various learning obstacles. Using a qualitative approach with Didactical Design Research (DDR), data were collected through tests, interviews, and document studies. The research involved 30 second-grade students, with six selected for detailed unstructured interviews to confirm their responses. The findings highlight five major learning obstacles: (1) difficulty understanding word problems, (2) difficulty representing problems mathematically, (3) difficulty in measurement and calculations, (4) challenges in communicating solutions, and (5) inability to generalize solutions. These results emphasize the need for improved didactic designs that address learning obstacles and foster algebraic thinking. The study offers actionable insights for enhancing mathematics education in elementary schools
Nursing Approaches to Autism Stigma, Bullying, and Inclusion, Alkharj- Saudi Arabia
Get PDFIntroduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents challenges such as social stigma, bullying, and difficulties in fostering inclusive environments. Addressing these barriers requires exploring healthcare utilization, parental advocacy, and social experiences within a cultural context. The objective of this study was to explore and analyze the factors influencing understanding, stigma, and bullying towards individuals with autism, and to identify effective strategies for fostering inclusive environments.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Khalid Hospital\u27s outpatient clinic in Saudi Arabia. A total of 200 families were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Autism Quotient (AQ), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Community Attitudes Toward Disability Scale (CATD), Bullying and Peer Relations Questionnaire, Cultural Competence Assessment Tool (CCAT), and Parent Advocacy Scale. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics to explore correlations.Results: The sample consisted of 55% females, with 80% being Saudi nationals. Moderate autistic traits were noted (AQ mean score: 126.7), and significant social challenges were identified (SRS mean score: 159.1). Community attitudes were generally positive (CATD mean score: 94.2), but bullying was prevalent (mean score: 54.5). Cultural competence was moderate (CCAT mean score: 103.2), and parental advocacy was identified as a key factor in improving outcomes (Parent Advocacy Scale mean score: 116.2).Conclusion: The study highlights the need for increased support, reduced bullying, and improved cultural competence to foster inclusive environments for individuals with autism. Parental advocacy emerged as critical for better outcomes.
The role of robotic systems in improving surgical interventions in neurosurgery
Get PDFIntroduction: Robotic systems can help to effectively perform complex tasks in neurosurgery that require high precision, but due to the difficulty of operative access and the peculiarities of the anatomy of the nervous system, their wide application is limited. Objective: evaluate the effectiveness, economic feasibility and prospects of using frame-based and frameless stereotaxis for brain biopsy. Methods: A total of 155 patients of the neurosurgery department underwent brain biopsy procedures. Depending on the biopsy methods 2 groups were distinguished: group 1 (frameless) 71 (45,8 %) patients and group 2 (frame-based) 84 (54,2 %) patients. Positive results of biopsy, postoperative complications and operative time were recorded and compared with data from studies on similar topics. Groups 1 and 2 didn’t differ in lesion localization, sex, age, length of the skin incision and diameter of the trepanation hole. Results: The diagnostic yield was 94,4 % in group 1 and 92,9 % in group 2 (p>0,05). The frequency of hemorrhage was 7,0 % versus 3,6 %, p=0,471, the frequency of edema was 2,7 % versus 1,2 %, p=0,593. The duration of the operation was shorter in group 1 (112 ± 13,6 min versus 137 ± 17,6 min, p<0,001). Conclusions: Both frameless and frame-based systems are effective, safe, and reliable tools that has excellent diagnostic yield, above 92 % low frequency of postoperative complications and high accuracy. The main benefits of frameless stereotactic biopsy is shorter operative time, comfort for patients, and less intraoperative fatigue for surgeon
Challenges and needs in disaster preparedness: A qualitative study
Get PDFIntroduction: Natural disasters that occur suddenly and unpredictably can cause losses for communities. Communities have varied understanding of disasters which influence their perceptions of risks and appropriate anticipatory actions. This study explores stakeholders\u27 perceptions and preferences related to disaster preparedness to design more inclusive and responsive risk mitigation programs.Methods: A qualitative study with a descriptive phenomenological design was conducted from March to June 2024. Forty-eight participants who met the inclusion criteria were involved through purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria were participants who were directly impacted by the Mamuju disaster on January 14 and 15, 2021. Data were collected through six focus group discussions of eight people each until saturation. The FGD guidelines were informed by disaster nursing, management, and crisis health experts. As Graneheim and Lundman proposed, content analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethical approval from the University of Indonesia\u27s Research Ethics CommitteeResults: Five main themes were found from the emerging data: 1) Holistic response during disasters, 2) Needs for emergency disaster handling, 3) Disaster warning system based on tradition and technology, 4) Challenges in leadership and resource management in disaster situations, 5) Hopes and efforts in future disaster management.Conclusion: Determining the challenges and needs of communities during disasters is crucial for improving disaster response effectiveness. This requires disaster socialization, exercises for victim handling, evacuation drills, exercises for communicating early warning responses, leadership, and resource management training, as well as disaster preparedness simulations. Such efforts are needed to support the sustainability of community-based disaster preparednes
Asymmetry in Health Care for Children with Special Needs: Perspectives of Primary Health Care Professionals in Two Cities in Southern Chile
Get PDFObjectives: To reveal the existence of asymmetry in health care to Naneas, from the perspective of primary level health professionals, in a city in southern Chile. Methodology Research developed under the qualitative interpretive paradigm, in 9 professionals assigned to Family Health Centers (Cesfam). Collection through semi-structured interviews. Manual analysis, with identification of categories, projection phase of the analysis, and analysis in a logical and inductive way. Results: the categories were identified: Asymmetry of the community component in health, policy demands, strategies and care model in PC, and humanized care. Conclusion: A critical aspect is the deficit in infrastructure, human resources and training of professionals
Prevalence of Dental Fluorosis in the Pediatric Population of Ecuador
Get PDFIntroduction: Dental fluorosis is an enamel hypomineralization caused by excessive fluoride intake, manifesting as opaque stains and affecting both primary and permanent teeth.Methods: A non-experimental, observational, prospective, quantitative approach was carried out through a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The technique used was the collection of infonnation through a clinical record and oral examination. The sample consisted of 311 patients, selected by a probability sampling by clusters or conglomerates, based on the total number of patients treated in the previous period.Results: Dental fluorosis was present in 21.9% with a predominance of the questionable category according to the Dean\u27s index with 17% in patients who presented this condition. The highest frequency was seen in the female sex with 25.6%. According to the distribution by dental group or sector, the most frequent was 59% in the anterior sector. No significant association was found between dental fluorosis and the associated factors addressed in the research.Conclusions: This study revealed that 22 out of 100 patients aged 6 to 12 years have fluorosis, the level that predominated according to the Dean Index was the questionable type. The age group with the greatest number of patients with fluorosis was 11 years old and the sex that predominated in cases was female. No significant relationship was found between fluorosis and the associated factors considered in the study: tooth brushing, toothpaste intake and use, and water consumption
Prevalence of Gingival Phenotypes in Adults Attended at the Dental Clinics of the Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo
Get PDFThe objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of gingival phenotypes in adults treated in the dental clinics of San Gregorio de Portoviejo University from May to September 2024. The research was designed with a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach. A sampling of non-probabilistic convenience was used following inclusion and exclusion criteria. Therefore, the sample consisted of 224 patients aged between 20 and 64. The gingival phenotype was evaluated by a single examiner, informed consent was applied, and the transparency method of the periodontal probe was used in teeth 11 and 21. Subsequently, the data were recorded in a form and entered into a database using SPSS version 27 for Windows. The research results revealed a prevalence of 51.3% of the thin gingival phenotype. Regarding sex, the thin phenotype predominated in women (53.9%), and the thick phenotype predominated in men (56%). Finally, concerning the age group, most of the patients (92.2%) belonging to the group aged 20 to 39 years showed a thin phenotype. Thus, the possibility of a relationship between age group and gingival phenotype could be suggested. Furthermore, it was observed that men are predisposed to show a thick phenotype, while women tend to show a thin phenotype.