Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología (Journal)
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The application of AI-generated content in Macao’s study tour context based on grounded theory
Get PDFIntroduction: as a World Heritage City and a demonstration zone of “One Country, Two Systems,” Macao is an important study tour center in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) has shown great potential in meeting Macao’s diverse cultural education needs, but empirical research on its application models remains scarce.Objective: to explore the practical application scenarios of AIGC in Macao’s study tours and to construct a student-centered theoretical framework for AIGC application.Method: this study was conducted from July 2023 to January 2025, employing a qualitative research method based on grounded theory. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews with 24 university students who had used AIGC in their study tours. Two researchers independently coded the data, with a coding consistency coefficient of 0,87.Results: ten initial categories and five main categories were extracted from the data, forming a dynamic closed-loop mechanism for cultivating students’ AIGC application abilities. This mechanism covers five stages: tool exposure, cognitive transformation, interactive advancement, practical output, and long-term maintenance.Conclusion: the established framework enriches the theoretical research on AIGC educational applications and provides practical guidance for Macao’s study tour industry, further enhancing Macao’s status as a distinctive educational platform in the Greater Bay Area
Comparative analysis of attitude towards the management of Urban Solid Waste in university students
Get PDFIntroduction: environmental pollution is one of the main problems, since, as society advances towards a greater production and consumption of products, a greater amount of solid waste is generated and consequently an excessive increase in the use of natural resources.Objective: compare the attitude towards the management of urban solid waste in students from a public university in the Heroica Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico.Methods: comparative study in a population made up of 202 university students from a public university located in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The instruments that were applied were a Sociodemographic Data Sheet and the instrument designed by Andraca and Sampedro that measures the attitudes towards the management of Urban Waste, which consists of 30 items.Results: the results show that the group that had not taken the sustainable development course had an average score of 80.63 on the Urban Solid Waste Management Attitude Questionnaire, compared to the group that had taken the course, which had a score of 114.14. These scores indicated statistically significant differences (U=126.000; p=.000), indicating that taking the sustainable development course increases the positive attitude towards Urban Solid Waste Management.Conclusions: it was concluded that formal education is very important and is the basis for caring for the environmen
Evaluation of Epigenetic Markers in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer
Get PDFIntroduction: colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Epigenetic factors play a significant role in its development and are increasingly used as tools for early diagnosis and prognosis of this disease.
Method: a literature review was conducted on studies published in the last 10 years, available in databases such as PubMed, Cochrane, and SciELO. The selected studies analyze the effectiveness of epigenetic markers, such as DNA methylation and microRNAs, in CRC detection and prognosis.
Results: out of 112 articles reviewed, 45 studies met the inclusion criteria, excluding duplicates and those that did not align with the objectives of this review. The analyzed studies highlight that epigenetic marker, particularly the methylation of genes such as SEPT9, NDRG4, and BMP3, are effective in detecting colorectal cancer (CRC) in its early stages, thus enhancing early intervention opportunities. Key microRNAs, such as miR-21, miR-92a, and miR-29a, were also identified, with their alteration associated with CRC progression and aggression prediction.
Conclusions: epigenetic markers provide valuable insights into tumor behavior, metastatic potential, and response to various treatment modalities. Some of the most recent studies suggest that the combined use of epigenetic biomarkers and traditional screening methods, such as colonoscopy, may optimize diagnostic accuracy
Low-Intensity Resistance Exercise with Blood Flow Restriction Improves Balance in Elderly Women: A Comparative Study on the Lower Quarter Y-Balance Test
Get PDFIntroduction: Enhancing leg muscle strength in elderly could play a crucial role in reducing fall risk. A novel approach to enhance muscular strength involves the use of low-intensity resistance exercises in conjunction with blood flow restriction (BFR), as an alternative to high-intensity exercise. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of low-intensity strength exercise with BFR on lower quarter Y-balance test (LQ-YBT) performance, compare to moderate-intensity strength exercise in elderly female.Methods: The study employed a true experimental randomized design, assessing balance using the LQ-YBT in 26 elderly women over a six-week exercise period. Subjects were divided into two groups: one performing medium-intensity strengthening exercises (≥40-60% 1 RM (Repetition Maximum)) and another engaging in low-intensity strengthening exercises (20-30%1RM) with BFR. The BFR technique involved applying a cuff to the upper third of the thigh with a restrictive pressure of 50 mmHg or 40% Artery Occlusion Pressure, which was released during rest periods.Results: The moderate and BFR groups exhibited notable distinctions in all directions (anterior, posterolateral, posteromedial and composite) for both left and right legs (p<0.001). The disparity in LQ-YBT values between groups was notable in the right anterior (p=0.017), right posterolateral (p<0.001), right composite (p<0.001), left anterior (p=0.007), and left composite (p=0.050) directions.Conclusions: This study showed that low-intensity resistance exercise with BFR for six weeks may yield superior improvements in the LQ-YBT for elderly women compared to moderate-intensity strengthening exercise
Transforming abdominal reconstruction-impact of artificial intelligence algorithms and advanced technologies on the efficiency of vascularized flaps and postoperative functional restoration: a systematic review
Get PDFAbdominal Reconstruction shows the progress created by artificial intelligence and machine learning AI & ML, especially those involving vascularized flaps. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to find out how incorporating AI can transform surgical accuracy, minimize post-surgical complications, as well as improve the recovery process. AI is already being used for planning surgery forecasting failure of flaps as well and minimizing SSI. Machine learning models like neural networks demonstrate impressive accuracy in identifying high-risk patients such as those with obesity, chemotherapy exposure, or large fascial defects. Real-time data analytics, remote monitoring through AI and ML have improved the decision-making process and led to efficient surgeries and better functional outcomes by reducing surgical failure and post-operative complications. Integrating AI into complex surgical environments requires carefully balancing machine recommendations and human expertise yet ethical concerns surrounding data transparency, bias, and patient privacy and these concerns need critical consideration and must be addressed. We conducted this review systematically to evaluate existing studies, revealing that while AI is promising to improve surgical outcomes, its real-world applications are still in their infancy, and we will evaluate how AI has transformed abdominal reconstruction surgical procedures, plastic surgeries, such as breast reconstruction or abdominal wall hernias, or other oncological resection
Teacher empathy and academic performance in medical students: systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Empathy, defined as the ability to understand and share the emotions of others, is key in medical education, influencing both academic performance and the holistic development of students. There are two types: cognitive empathy, which allows understanding the perspective of others, and emotional empathy, which involves experiencing the emotions of another. The aim of this research is to analyze the available scientific evidence on the influence of faculty empathy on the academic performance of medical students. Methods: This work consists of an exploratory systematic review based on the identification of 25 relevant studies published between 2000 and 2024 in the scientific databases Google Scholar and PubMed. Results and Discussion: The results suggest that faculty empathy positively influences the learning environment and, consequently, academic performance; however, many educators lack training in interpersonal skills. The use of the Jefferson Scale is suggested as an instrument that could be useful for measuring faculty empathy in medical education contexts. Conclusions: Faculty empathy is fundamental in the training of medical students. Factors such as stress and lack of training in the field may limit faculty empathy, highlighting the need to apply effective instruments and interventions to assess and improve this skill in medical education
Incidence of Intraoperative Complications in Dental Extractions among Ecuadorian Adult Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Tooth extractions are common interventions in dentistry, but they can present intraoperative complications that compromise patient safety and the success of the procedure. Factors such as age, systemic health status and the surgical technique used can influence the frequency and severity of these complications. This study analyzes intraoperative complications in tooth extractions in adults, seeking to improve clinical protocols and optimize student training. Objective: Determine intraoperative complications in dental extractions in adult patients treated in the dental clinics of the Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, Manabí, Ecuador, during 2023-2024. Methods: A descriptive study was carried out based on the review of 316 medical records of patients undergoing tooth extractions. The sample included patients seen between April 2023 and March 2024 in the seventh and eighth levels. Results: 63% of the patients were women and 37% men. 84% did not have systemic involvement; diabetes (9%) and hypertension (3%) were the most common pathologies. Dental caries was the main cause of extraction (61%). 90.7% of the cases did not present intraoperative complications, with fracture of the dental crown being the most frequent complication (7%). Complications increased in patients over 40 years of age. Conclusion: Intraoperative complications were minimal, reflecting adequate application of protocols. However, the high prevalence of dental caries highlights the need to strengthen oral health promotion and prevention
Gestural codes in the inclusion of students with autism in the physical education class
Get PDFIntroduction: The effective inclusion of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Physical Education classes faces significant challenges, especially in nonverbal communication and social interaction. Objective: This study proposes an intervention based on gestural codes to foster the inclusion of these students in an Ecuadorian context. Methodology: A mixed sequential explanatory design was adopted, combining quantitative (pretest-posttest) through the Inventory of Teaching Challenges for Inclusive Physical Education (ITC-IPE), and qualitative (interviews) analyses. The sample included 14 students with an average age of 11 years, two with a diagnosis of ASD, and three teachers trained in the use of gesture codes. Results: The results indicated significant improvements in the comprehension of instructions, active participation and social interactions of students with ASD, as well as a reduction in disruptive behaviors. The gesture codes acted as visual tools that complemented verbal instructions, promoting a more inclusive and collaborative environment. Interviews with teachers confirmed the effectiveness of this strategy, highlighting its positive impact on group dynamics and the emotional atmosphere of the classroom. Conclusions: Despite limitations in sample size and lack of longitudinal follow-up, the findings underscore the potential of gesture codes as inclusive pedagogical strategies. This approach reinforces the importance of adapting teaching practices to ensure the comprehensive development of students with ASD in physical activities, promoting a more equitable and accessible education
Simulation Based Training Concept on Nursing Students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
Get PDFIntroduction: Objective of this research was to study simulation-based training concept on nursing students at Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia.Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted to nursing students from level 4 to level 8 as well as nursing interns; at college of nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al- Kharj, Saudi Arabia during the period between September to October 2024. Selected students were invited to voluntarily complete an anonymous self-administered online survey, data was analyzed by SPSS v. 22, The significance of association was tested by using Pearson Chi-square test for categorical data, and t-test for numerical data with 95% confidence interval. Reliability of tools was measured by Alpha Cronbach to weight the stability of the tools which was 85% (0.85). Results: A total of 308 nursing students have participated in this study. Majority of nursing students 160 (51.9%) confessed that simulation-based training is definitive and crucial before proceeding to clinical settings, also; majority of nursing students 161 (52.3%) were clear that simulation-based training is pivotal to gain confidence before approaching real patients in the hospital settings. Lasley vast majority of nursing students 284 (92.9%) agrees that a good simulation-based training will decrease the incidence of medical errors.Conclusion: This study revealed that the integration of simulation-based training with other training modalities will strongly enhances nursing student’s clinical performance, also it revealed that simulation-based training will decrease the potentiality of medical errors at clinical setting.
Comparative study between male and female nursing students regarding Clinical and Academic Stress
Get PDFIntroduction: Nursing students face academic and clinical stress from difficult coursework, assessments, and academic demands, as well as clinical pressures from obtaining care experience. The pressures can cause fear of errors, anxiety, and patient well-being worries, affecting students\u27 mental health and nursing preparation.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was employed.113 convenience samples of nursing students were allocated in this study. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing at Prince Sattam University. Perceived clinical setting and academic stress questionnaires were used. Results: 113 nurse students were included in the present study; the mean age of the student sample was 21 years old. A correlation was reported between academic stress and the age of male (F=3.526, P=0.037) and female students (F=13.538, P<0.001). 73.6% of male students reported that the reason for increased stress in the clinical setting was fear of making a mistake. There was a strong relationship between types of clinical settings, clinical setting hours per week, and academic, and clinical setting stress. Conclusions: This present study portrayed that Clinical hours per week and clinical type were significant predictors of increasing academic and clinical stress in male and female nursing students. So, the study recommends developing strategies and course educational curriculum structure before students are sent to clinical areas for nurses\u27 students to improve their capabilities and cope with more clinical and academic stress reduction