Open Journal Systems Trinity College Dublin
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Healthcare Difficulties in the Post-GDPR Era
Get PDFThe medical profession centres on the philosophy and principles of providing patients with the best evidence-based care. In doing so, medical clinicians must remain up-to-date with local and international best practice, engage in auditing practice to review and refine practices and engage in an open-relationship with the patient at the forefront of their practice. Protecting the patient encompasses best practice, moral and ethical principle while balancing risk and beneficence and ensuring non-maleficence, justice and patient autonomy. Alongside these aspects, comes the reality of advancing societal requirements which impact on medical practice and governance. The changing dynamic of patient consent that is required with the new General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements has changed the face of research in Ireland and Europe, with significant implications for research beyond as well. This piece will explore how healthcare data should be available for use for health research without the necessity to seek patient consent
Foreword - Vol 7
No full textThe introduction to Volume 7 of the Irish Journal of Arts Management & Cultural Policy reflects on the importance of voices from practice in this issue and the changing conditions Covid-19 has brought the sector
Respect Your Elders: Evidence from Ireland’s R&D Tax Credit Reform
Get PDFThis paper exploits a unique reform in Irish corporation tax policy to evaluate the effect of tax incentives on research and development (R&D) investment. Using administrative panel data from the Revenue Commissioners, we establish for the first time the additional R&D investment that arises from the provision of the tax credit and we examine the associated firm characteristics. We find that the tax incentive helped to increase R&D investment by firms; however, the estimated effect is driven by older firms rather than younger firms. The latter result challenges a common narrative on the role of R&D tax incentives which increase cashflow for young firms: it suggests that their barriers to innovation may not necessarily be financial, and that age-targeted tax incentives could carry large deadweight
Household Waste Policy in Ireland: Options for Competition, Environment and Regulation
Get PDFA review of household waste (HHW) policy has been announced. Competition in HHW collection is evolving towards a series of local monopolies which, combined with high barriers to entry, create the conditions for rents to be earned. So much for market failure, what is the solution? This paper presents arguments in favour of competitive tendering, including: HHW collection charges should be more attractive as rents are eliminated; CO2 emissions and congestion costs would be reduced as there is no inefficient duplication; and complementary mechanisms can ensure that HHW collection charges do not get too high in low density areas, thereby protecting the positive externalities of broader take-up of HHW collection services.
 
How did Immigrants Fare in the Irish Labour Market over the Great Recession?
Get PDFThis paper examines the impact of the Great Recession on labour market outcomes for Irish immigrants compared to natives and how this relationship evolved afterwards. We find that the employment chances of immigrants decreased significantly over the recession and, on average, this persisted during the recovery. We also find that their relative unemployment risk increased, while there was substantial variation in these patterns between immigrants. Immigrants from the United Kingdom fared particularly badly during the recession. Their unfavourable outcomes intensified in the recovery, particularly among non-naturalised UK immigrants. African immigrants showed the highest employment penalties and unemployment risks during the recession but in the recovery these negative outcomes were confined to naturalised African immigrants. The recovery trends appear to be related to composition effects, as many refugees with weak labour market attachment became naturalised citizens during the recession. This suggests that the difficulties some immigrants experience in the labour market would be underestimated without taking due account of naturalisation processes
Childhood Psychological Health During the Great Recession in Ireland
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to quantify the effect of economic, parental and lifestyle factors on the psychological health of children at significant points in recent economic history in Ireland. The paper uses data from the Growing Up in Ireland study and employs a dynamic random effects ordered logistic regression model to test the magnitude of these effects. The results indicate that proxy income variables, such as ability to make ends meet and homeownership, are relevant in predicting child psychological health outcomes. Equally important are intergenerational health associations between the mother and the psychological health of children
Cutting Edge of Alzheimer’s Disease Research: Literature Review for the Changes in Brain Function in the Prodromal Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease
Get PDFAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is estimated to affect 44 million people worldwide, and the global incidence of AD is expected to triple by 2050, thus making it a major current topic with the ageing global population. Whilst symptoms generally present late in life, many details of AD pathogenesis remain unclear. Current thinking suggests cognitive tasks are performed not by individual brain regions working in isolation, but by functionally connected networks. Hence AD research is turning to the study of large-scale networks such as the Default Mode Network (DMN), primarily involved in processing memories, which is observed as the first locus of the disease. Consequently, there is a paradigm shift towards focused research on earlier stages. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of AD, displaying cognitive deficit but neither marked functional impairment nor satisfying established clinical criteria for dementia or probable AD. MCI subjects are at risk of AD but otherwise are unimpaired in daily living. It is noted that if MCI is a portal into potential AD, the field must work towards a better understanding of the MCI stage and emerging therapies for MCI. Thus, there is a clear need to make use of the data freely available from the ongoing Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) to investigate changes in network function in the prodromal stages of AD with the ambition of gaining a better understanding of the MCI stage of AD
