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Why are Disability Rates for Older Working-Age Adults in Northern Ireland So High?
Get PDFNorthern Ireland has substantially higher rates of disability and disability benefit receipt than England, despite a common institutional context. This paper exploits newly available data from the NICOLA and ELSA surveys to examine potential health and labour market explanations for this gap, specifically among older working-age people. Observable differences in health and labour markets are sufficient to explain the gap in self-reported activity-limiting disability, but only half of the gap in worklimiting disability and income-replacement disability benefit receipt, and only one-third of the gap in additional costs disability benefit receipt. Possible reasons for these remaining unexplained gaps are discussed
Economic Policy Uncertainty Shocks in Small Open Economies: A Case Study of Ireland
Get PDFI create a time series of Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) for Ireland based on Irish newspaper archives and demonstrate its comovement with other national measures of EPU, such as those available for the US, UK and other euro area countries. I purge the series of its global component and thereby construct the orthogonal domestic component of Irish EPU. I then use a structural vector autoregression to consider the impact of EPU shocks on the Irish economy for the main EPU series and its domestic component. Unanticipated shocks to the Irish EPU series foreshadow declines in investment, consumption, inflation and increases in unemployment. Responses to shocks in the domestic componentof the series are similar (though smaller) for investment and employment, but not for consumption. These findings suggest that: (i) uncertainty relating to economic policy in Ireland is heavily influencedby foreign events; (ii) unanticipated shocks have real economic effects whether they stem from foreign or domestic developments, and; (iii) firms respond to both foreign and domestic shocks, while households may respond more to global shocks than domestic shocks
The Role of Elasticities in Forecasting Irish Income Tax Revenue
Get PDFThis paper examines the role of tax elasticities in forecasting tax revenue. Tax elasticities give the expected change in revenue for a change in the tax base. We examine how important the choice of elasticity is for forecasting income tax up to four years ahead. We find that using elasticities which were estimated using data adjusted for tax policy changes produces improved forecasts, particularly at longer forecast horizons. This improvement is statistically significant. These results are found using Irish data. However, this paper demonstrates a methodology with potential for widespread application in many other countries. Better forecasts of government revenue could aid better fiscal planning and medium-term budgeting
Population Growth: Implications for Commuting
Get PDFPlanners and public policy decision-makers face many challenges in transport services provision. This research examines the impact of spatially concentrated versus dispersed residential development on transport in terms of congestion, expenditure, and emissions. The empirical modelling uses Galway city and its surrounding hinterland as a case study and provides scenario outcomes based on several planning development assumptions. Across the scenarios examined there is relatively little difference in total CO2 emissions from public and private transport combined, even across scenarios with quite different assumptions on the location of new housing developments. Consequently, emissions outcomes may not be a singular critical motivating factor behind such planning scenarios, though other factors such as congestion are also relevant. A critical assumption underpinning the analysis is that mode shares across spatial zones remain like those in 2016. Consequently, the analysis suggests that in addition to planning decisions impacting on the location of new residential development, to minimise the impact of commuting emissions associated with envisaged population growth by the year 2040 will necessitate substantial behavioural change in terms of commuting patterns
New Voices: Remote Island: livestreaming the arts in Ireland in lockdown and beyond
Get PDFThis study concerns the impact of livestreaming the performing arts in Ireland during lockdown, and the potential futures for livestreaming the arts. The research aims to assess how Irish practitioners used livestreaming and how Irish audiences’ arts consumption changed during lockdown. A mixed-method approach incorporating desk research, audience and practitioner surveys and case studies was employed. The theme of liveness in streaming the arts recurred in desk research, as such, the concept of liveness was incorporated into survey questions and case study interviews. Three case studies of Irish arts organisations conducted by semi-structured interview, allow for discussion of the impact of lockdown on arts practice, while also looking at liveness, communitas and technology. Analysis of the interviews and survey results finds most practitioners provided streamed content, often unfunded or free, with only a minority continuing to livestream after lockdown. For audiences, physical, geographical, and cost barriers to attending in-person events emerge as a key consideration in accessing the arts
Entrepreneurial Marketing Intentions and Behaviours among Students: Investigating the roles of entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and family business exposure
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationships between entrepreneurial skills (ES), entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE), entrepreneurial marketing intentions (EMI), and entrepreneurial marketing behaviours (EMB) of university students, while considering the influence of family business exposure as a moderating factor. A sample of 149 Malaysian university students was analysed using partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) to assess the roles of ES, ESE, and EMI in predicting EMB. Our findings reveal that EMI partially mediates the effects of ES and ESE on EMB. In addition, having a family-owned business background did not affect the relationships in our model. However, students with friends involved in family businesses exhibited significantly higher levels of EMB due to acquired entrepreneurial skills than those without such connections
The Distributional Impacts of Environmental Reforms on Private Transportation in Ireland
Get PDFThis paper provides the first empirical estimation of cross-price elasticities of public and private transportation using a fully flexible demand system and Irish data. Focusing on vehicle owners, in line with the existing literature, the results show that these commodities are complements. This paper also finds that additional carbon taxation is not as regressive as previously found, when the externality cost associated with driving is included in the metric of the tax incidence. A lump-sum transfer and subsidies for public transit can reduce the disproportional burden imposed on low-income households by the carbon tax. However, it is shown that subsidies need to be targeted because benefits are not accrued disproportionally by low-income households, and this can reduce environmental savings from carbon taxes
Housing Supplements and Deprivation in Ireland
Get PDFIn this paper we use Irish data to simulate the impact of housing supplements (like HAP and RAS) on deprivation. We consider this effect overall and for different social risk groups, using the SILC dataset. We also compare the predicted deprivation of housing supplement recipients to the predicted deprivation of Local Authority tenants. Housing supplements are designed to cover the housing needs of vulnerable families in the private rental sector and many of these supplements provide important support. We find that housing supplements are more common among vulnerable social risk groups; lone parents and the unemployed are the most likely to receive these. We also find that recipients of housing supplements have similar rates of predicted deprivation when compared to those in Local Authority housing. Finally, we show that the predicted probability of deprivation falls after we consider the impact of these on a respondent’s total equivalised income. This effect is particularly large for vulnerable groups like lone parents. The paper helps to understand the importance of housing supplements as a means of reducing deprivation, and the social risk differences in this effect. Debate on the topic of housing supplements has focused on the transfers’ costs to the Exchequer, but their efficacy as a form of social protection has been less examined
Unnecessary or Negligent? A Look into the Regulation of Non-Surgical Cosmetic Intervention in Europe: TCD Dermatological Society Essay Competition 2021 – Winner
No full textThe regulation of medical devices and associated procedures is common across the globe, with country and regional variations directly impacting patient safety and ease of access. When considering non-surgical cosmetic interventions within Europe, the variations seen between member states of the European Union and that of the United Kingdom are quite dramatic. These regulations encompass procedures such as dermal fillers, botulinum toxin injections, and the application of lasers for skin rejuvenation treatments. Currently, the regulations in the European Union place an emphasis on quality control and safety for the products used by classifying them as medical devices and enforcing medical licensing requirements for their application. In contrast, the United Kingdom lacks regulation around both quality control and licensing requirements, placing patients at an increased risk for harm. This discussion recognises that patient autonomy and freedom of choice are key principles to be protected within this field, yet emphasis should also be placed on the proper regulation of expert practitioners and on the need for safe medical devices. The regulation of non-surgical cosmetic interventions holds substantial value for societal good, with an increase in safety, efficacy, accountability, and ultimately, patient well-being
Announcement: 2022 Brendan Walsh Prize
Get PDFAnnouncement: 2022 Brendan Walsh Prize: The 2022 Brendan Walsh Prize has been awarded to Brian Nolan (University of Oxford) and Bertrand Maître (Economic and Social Research Institute) for their paper “Does Household Worklessness Explain Ireland’s High Working-Age Market Income Inequality?” The Brendan Walsh Prize was inaugurated in 2018 to select the best paper published in The Economic and Social Review in the previous year. The prize includes €1,000 and a certificate. The selection was made by the following sub-committee of the Economic and Social Studies Council: Adele Bergin (Economic and Social Research Institute), Micheál Collins (University College Dublin), John Cullinan (NUI Galway), Aedín Doris (Maynooth University), and Yvonne McCarthy (Central Bank of Ireland)