UiS Open Journals (Univ. of Stavanger)
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‘Higher Daughters’ – Women Composers in Viennese musical life in 1928
No full textA study on the representation of art songs in Viennese musical life in 1928, the year in which both the 100th anniversary of Franz Schubert\u27s death as well as the 25th anniversary of Hugo Wolf\u27s death were commemorated, showed that far more than 3400 songs had been performed in concerts and on radio broadcasts. About 450 of these songs were written by 180 Austrian composers living at the time, including eleven female composers. In this paper these artists’ origins, education, living and production conditions as well as their professional and private networks will be described and the article will be rounded off by an exemplary presentation of a selected song from these composers‘ rich song oeuvres
Economic Participation among Older People: Key Influencing Factors and Social Work Practice Implications
Get PDFEconomic participation studies often emphasize challenges of accessing and engaging in formal employment after retirement. However, they tend to overlook personal factors, traditional values, and culturally specific elements in rural settings that influence participation in informal work. This study explored the factors that influence older people’s participation in handcraft activities in the Masasi District in Tanzania. It provides a deeper insight into their continued engagement, and highlights its implications for social work practice.
This study explored the factors that influence the participation of older people in handcraft activities to provide a deeper insight into their continued engagement and its implications on social work practice. A phenomenology method was used, and in-depth interviews were employed to collect data from purposively sampled older people working in handcraft through the lens of decolonial theory. The analysis revealed that older people’s participation in handcraft activities was triggered by poor living conditions, the need for income to meet essential needs, a lack of formal and inadequate informal support, parenting and grand-parenting obligations, as well as the desire to maintain personal agency and avoid dependence syndrome.
The findings suggest that the traditional role of extended family and community, as a pillar of care and protection of older people, should be enhanced to improve their working lives and well- being. Older people working in handcraft activities should be empowered in their socio- economic issues to improve their working and quality of life in rural communities. Collaboration between social workers and the community at the grassroots level is crucial, and social work knowledge and practice that reflect and promote indigenous knowledge and practices should be developed and adopted
Rheology in Fibre Formation for Meat-Analogues Data Analysis of Protein Melt Rheology Data
Get PDFGlobal meat consumption increased four-fold during the last fifty years, while population doubled1. Even if the increase in European meat consumption has slowed (currently 80 kg per capita, twice the world average), it is forecasted to increase by 10% more to 20302–4. The increase in meat eating is also nutritionally alarming as excessive consumption has been linked to health problems, such as coronary heart disease and certain cancers5.
Fibrous, meat-like analogues are today commercially produced from soy, pea and wheat, utilizing an extruder to form a protein melt at high moisture content, high temperature and high pressure with subsequent active cooling on exit. A common denominator for the fibre formation in meat-analogues and plastics is that it is known how to produce the fibres but not exactly why they are formed. Consequently, it is still difficult to utilize the full potential of these techniques.
The current hypothesis on the mechanisms responsible for the fibre formation contribute to understanding but are not sufficient to fully describe the formation and cannot be used to predict fibre formation ability of protein melts thus hampering the use of more sustainable protein sources. Overall, the hypotheses range from “physical”6–8, describing mechanisms in terms of fluid dynamics, heat transfer and phase separation, to “chemical” emphasizing the chemical interactions between protein chains or polymer crystallites.
This contribution will focus on rheology of the protein melts, and especially on how to use state-of-the-art statistical analysis to determine the influence of temperature, protein and moisture content on rheological properties of the melts
Writing Women In
Get PDFThe English composer Clara Macirone (1821-1914) and her music have often been seen as the embodiment of Victorian gendered sensibility and this, alongside the dismissive attitudes towards what has been seen as her alma mater the Royal Academy of Music’s concentration on amateur music-making in the nineteenth century, has led to a misinterpretation of her place in her musical milieu. Forced from an early age to become the sole provider for her parents and siblings, Macirone’s clarity of thought and understanding of the means by which she was proscribed through her gender offers us a vivid contemporary account of women’s relationship with the musical world about them. This paper uses Macirone as a case study of ways that assumptions have either devalued women’s music-making as both composers and performers, or written them out of music history altogether
Comparing Expectations of Social Workers in Norwegian Trauma-Informed Care Institutions: Perspectives from Social Work Leadership and Young Unaccompanied Refugees
Get PDFResearch: Balancing the expectations of social work leadership and minor, unaccompanied refugees is a key part of the social worker’s professional practice, in the context of Norwegian residential care institutions that have trauma-informed care at the centre of their work. Although there is some understanding in international literature about the expectations of social work leadership and the expectations that unaccompanied minors have of social workers, these expectations have typically been considered in isolation. The nature of any dilemma for social workers arising from conflict between these two sets of expectations is not yet fully understood. This study aims to understand these dilemmas, and we explicitly compare the expectations of social workers held by social work leadership with those held by unaccompanied minors, finding similarities, but also disagreements, which may cause tension for social workers in their practice with the minors in the institution.
Methodology: In an explorative, qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 young male Afghan unaccompanied refugees and seven social work leaders in two Norwegian municipalities. A qualitative thematic analysis was followed by a two-stage cross-comparison of the expectations held by social work leaders and unaccompanied minors to identify agreements and disagreements between expectations. These expectations were interpreted through Bath\u27s trauma-informed care pillars, a well-established theoretical model for social work practice in Norway.
Findings: Both groups value empathy, respect, support, extra care, trust and a safe environment. However, different expectations about the flexibility of boundaries, and about emotional closeness, create dilemmas for social workers. By understanding the tensions highlighted in this article, leadership will be better equipped to identify and address the conflicting situations that social workers face due to mismatches between the expectations of leadership and those of young refugees. This study bridges the gap between the theoretical social work concept of trauma-informed care and real-world stakeholder expectations, thus supporting social workers’ awareness on potential dilemmas arising from differing stakeholder expectations
Exploring Frontline Workers Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Within Drug Courts in Norway: A qualitative study
Get PDFThis qualitative study examines the perceptions of interprofessional collaboration among frontline workers involved in Norwegian drug courts. Using the Perception of Interprofessional Collaboration Model (PINCOM), and Goffman’s theory of front stage and backstage communication, the study explores the complexities and informal dynamics of collaboration processes. Semi-structured interviews with 16 frontline workers revealed key factors influencing collaboration, including motivation, personality style, group leadership, organizational culture, and organizational environment. Findings suggest that both formal and informal aspects of collaboration, such as physical proximity and interpersonal relationships, play significant roles in achieving successful outcomes. The study highlights the challenges of interprofessional collaboration in addressing the complex, multifaceted needs of drug court participants, and underscores the importance of continuous reflection on informal dynamics to enhance collaboration
Experiences of child sexual abuse survivors with formal child protection systems: An indigenist perspective
Get PDFPreventing abuse in childhood and providing services to the victims requires a comprehensive child protection framework. Even when the government of Uganda has made deliberate efforts to facilitate protection of children, research shows that their efforts have largely been inadequate. Adopting an indigenous perspective that centers the structural inequalities that inform social relationships in families, communities and the society rather than the individual is paramount. Thus, this study examined how indigenous child protection systems can be integrated to complement formal approaches in responding to child sexual abuse. This article presents experiences of five adult women from Luuka district, Uganda who experienced rape during their childhood. Narrative inquiry was used to explore survivors’ experiences. This information was complemented by information from social workers who were purposively selected and interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the findings and four major themes relating to survivors’ experiences emerged from this study. Survivors reported challenges with investigations, access to justice, lack of protective shelter and challenges in accessing medical services. In addition to formal child protection systems, survivors utilised services from indigenous child protection systems which included; Local Council 1, community volunteers, social groups and savings groups. Indigenous practices based on mutual aid and community organising addressed broader welfare needs of survivors, including enabling them to access education, linkage to services and access to shelter. The social support provided through indigenous models involved multiple social welfare functions, and addressed different child protection needs. However, poverty at the household and community level limits the scalability of such approaches. Accessing formal child protection services was found to be costly for the survivors. The Informal Child Protection System is more accessible, offers comprehensive services and demonstrates to buffer the formal systems
Trude Fonneland & Tiina Äikäs, Shamanic Materialities in Nordic Climates, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2023
Get PDFRheological Behavior of Bentonite-Water Mud Under Elevated Temperatures: Insights for Predicting Fluid Performance
Get PDFDuring well construction, control of drilling mud rheology is required at elevated temperature and pressure. Therefore, understanding the influencing factors on water-based mud (WBM) rheology characteristics, as one of the most commonly used drilling fluids, is essential to maintain firm control over the rheological properties of elevated temperature WBM. Due to the changing rheological properties of some additives at elevated temperatures, selecting appropriate additives for WBM is challenging.
This study focuses on the behavior of a typical bentonite mud utilizing a state-of-the-art viscometer to measure drilling fluids properties at different concentrations of bentonite and temperatures. The sensitivity of the mud to shear stress at different temperatures and concentrations was examined. The experimental approach involved mixing distilled water with bentonite and conducting experiments, including preparation and hot rolling to simulate the aging of mud during circulation. Rheological properties of the mud were measured at various concentrations (8 and 12 g) across temperatures (10 to 90°C) and shear rates (5 to 1021 s-1) to identify patterns for predicting the mud behavior.
The results show that the rate of shear stress increase is a strong function of temperature in the applied shear rate range. Plastic viscosity decreased with temperature, being highest at 10°C and lowest at 90°C. Additionally, temperature increase leads to increased yield stress. It is believed that at higher temperatures face to face repulsive electrostatic energy between particles is higher. Additionally, higher temperatures led to an increased yield stress due to stronger particle interactions. It is proposed that, as a result of these enhanced interactions at higher temperatures, a more robust gel structure would be formed. The experimental data closely fit the Herschel-Bulkley model, confirming its suitability for predicting bentonite mud behavior under varying temperatures and shear rates.
This study provides a deeper understanding of how temperature and bentonite concentration influence the rheology of bentonite muds. Also, these findings highlight the complexity of maintaining mud rheology at elevated temperatures, as viscosity changes can affect mud stability and drilling efficiency. Moreover, it offers practical insights for optimizing bentonite concentrations to ensure efficiency in field applications for elevated temperature conditions
Caregivers\u27 experiences with kinship care and Child Welfare Services: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis
Get PDFKinship care placements are significant for meeting the need for alternative care in child welfare systems worldwide. This qualitative evidence synthesis develops a comprehensive understanding of the role of the Child Welfare Service (CWS) in kinship foster care from the perspectives of kinship caregivers. We reviewed 14 qualitative empirical studies that explore caregivers\u27 perspectives on contact with- and support from the CWS. Our synthesis indicates that most kinship caregivers encounter challenges when interacting with CWS. Three overarching themes were identified: 1) CWS’ role when becoming a kinship carer; 2) common concerns and how these are met by CWS, and 3) expected to manage on their own, afraid to seek help. Findings show that kinship carers often feel unprepared to be caregivers. They face financial constraints, challenges related to their children\u27s needs, and struggles with their own health, all of which can make the responsibilities of caregiving overwhelming. Additionally, many new caregivers fear reprisals from CWS if they seek help and support, so they are left to deal with difficulties on their own. The implications of these findings are discussed