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Minimisation du coût énergétique dans un microréseau DC pilotant une station de recharge de véhicules électriques
No full textInternational audienceThe integration of renewable energies is essential in order to limit carbon emissions. In addition, the transport sector contributes significantly to these polluting emissions. Therefore, the transition to electromobility could be a promising solution. This article presents real-time optimization with the objective of minimizing the energy cost in a DC micro-grid controlling an electric vehicle charging station. The carbon impact of such a station is also presented.RESUME-L'intégration des énergies renouvelables est essentielle afin de limiter les émissions de carbone. De plus, le secteur du transport contribue fortement à ces émissions polluantes. De ce fait, la transition vers l'électromobilité pourrait être une solution prometteuse. Cet article présente l'optimisation en temps réel avec comme objectif de minimiser le coût énergétique dans un micro-réseau DC pilotant une station de recharge de véhicules électriques. L'impact carbone d'une telle station est également présenté
Functional Nanomaterials for Health and Environmental Issues
No full textInternational audienceOne Health is one of the greatest concepts of this century. By acting on human health, for example, with indiscriminate use of antibiotics, humans can affect the environment and animal health. Moreover, environmental pollution involves global impacts on animal and human health. However, with their nanosize and their huge specific area, nanomaterials can act on both humans and the environment. First, nanoparticles and nanomaterials are powerful tools for medical device sensors, as well as radiosensitizers or even in theranostic applications. The biological mechanism being generally highly specific and sensitive, biosensing can be enhanced by the large surface area of nanoparticles. Moreover, theranostic being the meeting between medical sensing and personal healthcare, the environmental impact of human health can be reduced drastically. That is why in recent decades, theranostic became the privileged way of treating patients and nanomaterials have taken their full place. Second, nanomaterials can remove pollutants from wastewater; for example, organic dyes, which are a big problem worldwide, especially from textile industries. These azo or polyaromatic dyes can be degraded by nanoparticles, mostly thanks to hydroxyl radicals emission. The degradation problem could reside in the fact that the authors may not know all the degradation products and gases emitted, which could be toxic by themselves. The other way of dyes environmental remediation is their adsorption in nanomaterials, especially if these adsorbents can be removed magnetically from wastewater. Some problematic dyes or model dyes can be thus removed successfully from polluted water. With this in mind, and thanks to a better risk assessment of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, there is no doubt that nanosized devices should become a major theme for One Health development
Weak Convergence of the Conditional U-statistics for Locally Stationary Functional Time Series: Weak Convergence of the Conditional U-statistics for Locally Stationary Functional Time Series
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, the direction has turned to non-stationary time series. Here the situation is more complicated: it is often unclear how to set down a meaningful asymptotic for non-stationary processes. For this reason, the theory of locally stationary processes arose, and it is based on infill asymptotics created from non-parametric statistics. The present paper aims to develop a framework for inference of locally stationary functional time series based on the so-called conditional -statistics introduced by W. Stute [Ann. Probab. 19 (1991) 812--825], and may be viewed as a generalization of the Nadaraya-Watson regression function estimates. In this paper, we introduce an estimator of the conditional -statistics operator that takes into account the nonstationary behavior of the data-generating process. We are mainly interested in establishing weak convergence of conditional -processes in the locally stationary functional mixing data framework. More precisely, we investigate the weak convergence of conditional -processes when the explicative variable is functional. We treat the weak convergence when the class of functions is bounded or unbounded, satisfying some moment conditions. These results are established under fairly general structural conditions on the classes of functions and the underlying models.The theoretical results established in this paper are (or will be) critical tools for further functional data analysis developments
On the strong approximation of the non-overlapping k-spacings process with application to the moment convergence rates: On the strong approximation of the non-overlapping k-spacings process with application to the moment convergence rates
No full textInternational audienceIn the present work, we establish the strong approximations of the empirical k-spacings process {αn(x) : 0 ≤ x < ∞} (cf. (3)). We state the moment convergence rates results for this process
Amélioration de la soutenabilité de la fin de vie des produits industriels en utilisant un système d'aide à la décision basé sur le jumeau numérique et la gestion des connaissances
No full textInternational audienceAmélioration de la soutenabilité de la fin de vie des produits industriels en utilisant un système d'aide à la décision basé sur le jumeau numérique et la gestion des connaissance
Valorisation des dérivés de la lignine : De nouveaux polymères performants obtenus par copolymérisation radicalaire
No full textInternational audienceNowadays, the synthesis of biosourced monomers and polymers is intensively investigated in order to design biobased materials able to compete with petrosourced ones.1,2 For instance, compounds derived from Lignin (LDCs) represent an interesting alternative to create relatively cheap and thermomechanically attractive biobased macromolecules.3.4 Thus, through the depolymerization of lignin and thanks to specific chemical transformations, a large variety of compounds—presenting styrene-like structures– can be selectively obtained.In this project, using an eco-friendly approach, we designed new LDCs monomers bearing various substituants on the aromatic ring and explored their polymerizability using free radical polymerization (FRP) in the green conditions. We also investigated the possibility to create thermosets through the polymerization in bulk in presence of crosslinkers : either a common crosslinker, dinylbenzene, or a new green crosslinker. Additionnally, we performed emulsion polymerization in water to form latexes and characterized the newlyformed nanoparticles.De nos jours, la synthèse de monomères et de polymères biosourcés est intensément étudiée afin de concevoir des matériaux biosourcés capables de rivaliser avec ceux issus de ressources fossiles.1,2 Par exemple, les composés issus de la lignine (LDCs) sont une alternative intéressante pour créer des macromolécules biosourcées, bon marché et thermomécaniquement attractives.3,4 Ainsi, en dépolymérisant la lignine et grâce à des transformations chimiques précises, une grande variété de composés -présentant des structures proches du styrène- peut être obtenue sélectivement. Dans ce projet, de nouveaux monomères présentant différents groupements fonctionnels ont été synthétisés en 2 étapes et de manière éco-responsable, à partir de LDCs: la Vanilline (V), le p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (H), et le Syringaldehyde (S). La synthèse de (co)polymères biosourcés a ensuite été réalisée par polymérisation radicalaire classique (FRP) en masse ou dans un solvant vert. Les polymères obtenus ont été caractérisés chimiquement (SEC, 1H RMN) et thermiquement (DSC, ATG). Nos résultats montrent/indiquent qu’il est possible d’utiliser ces composés biosourcés en alternative aux matériaux pétrosourcés à base de polystyrène. De plus, nous avons montré qu’il était possible d’ajuster les propriétés des matériaux correspondants en modulant les substituants présents sur le cycle aromatique. Figure.1. Schéma de transformation des LDCs en polymères biosourcés.1.Llevot, A. et al. Renewability is not Enough: Recent Advances in the Sustainable Synthesis of Biomass-Derived Monomers and Polymers. Chemistry - A European Journal 22, 11510–11521 (2016).2.Coumes, F., Balarezo, M., Rieger, J. & Stoffelbach, F. Biobased Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by RAFT‐Mediated PISA in Green Solvent. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 41, 2000002 (2020).3.Balarezo, M., Coumes, F. & Stoffelbach, F. Biobased homopolymers and amphiphilic diblock copolymers containing guaiacyl (G) or hydroxyphenyl (H) lignin derivatives synthesized by RAFT (PISA). Polym. Chem. 13, 6525–6533 (2022).4.van Schijndel, J. et al. Preparation of bio-based styrene alternatives and their free radical polymerization. Eur. Polym. J. 125, 109534 (2020)
Uncertainty Propagation using Copulas in a 3D Stereo Matching Pipeline
No full textInternational audienceThis contribution presents a concrete example of uncertainty propagation in a stereo matching pipeline. It considers the problem of matching pixels between pairs of images whose radiometry is uncertain and modeled by possibility distributions. Copulas serve as dependency models between variables and are used to propagate the imprecise models. The propagation steps are detailed in the simple case of the Sum of Absolute Difference cost function for didactic purposes. The method results in an imprecise matching cost curve. To reduce computation time, a sufficient condition for conserving possibility distributions after the propagation is also presented. Finally, results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations, indicating that the method produces envelopes capable of correctly estimating the matching cost
