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Literature Review of Integrated Use of Digital Twin and MES in Manufacturing
No full textInternational audienceIn recent years, information and data exchange have become an essential resource to enable the development of Industry 4.0 and the emergence of Smart Manufacturing. The Digital Twin (DTw) has become increasingly important in this respect, allowing a virtual copy to interact with its physical counterpart and thus analyse numerous scenarios. Similarly, tools such as the Manufacturing Execution System (MES) have made it possible to ensure continuity between the two counterparts, enabling a real-time flow of information. With this paper, our aim is to extend the existing analysis of DTw manufacturing and also to show how the combined use of DTw and MES can bring numerous benefits. One possible area of application has been identified in the scheduling, of which case study evidence has been reported. The results found are proposed as a driver for future research in a field of uncertainty such as the production planning and scheduling, aspiring to a complete integration between DTw and MES.-Ces dernières années, l'échange d'informations et de données est devenu une ressource essentielle pour permettre le développement de l'industrie du futur. A cet égard, le concept de jumeau numérique (DTw) a pris une importance croissante permettant à un modèle virtuel d'interagir avec son homologue physique et d'analyser ainsi de nombreux scénarii. De même, dans le domaine manufacturier des logiciels tels que le Manufacturing Execution System (MES) ont permis d'assurer la continuité numérique et l'interopérabilité entre les deux contreparties, permettant un flux d'informations en temps réel. Avec cet article, notre objectif est d'étendre l'analyse existante de la fabrication DTw et également de montrer comment l'utilisation combinée de DTw et MES peut apporter de nombreux avantages. Un domaine d'application possible a été identifié dans l'ordonnancement, pour lequel des études de cas ont été rapportées. Les résultats trouvés sont proposés comme un moteur pour des futurs travaux de recherche dans le domaine l'ordonnancement et la planification de production, aspirant à utiliser largement entre DTw et MES
General and Multi-Criteria Approach to Study the Admissibility and Quality of a Driving Intention
No full textInternational audienceDetermining the admissibility and quality of driving intentions, generated by an automated intelligent vehicle and by a human driver, is a sine qua none task in a humanintelligent vehicle share navigation. Our paper proposes a generic method to quantify driving intentions. These intentions are defined by a sequence of velocities. This formulation is based on metrics already discussed in the literature. It proposes a way to use them to evaluate a state, making a judgment, and to extend this evaluation to a sequence of states. This quantification determines whether the intention is safely achievable and defines a quality taking into account several criteria (safety, comfort, context, energy consumption). It is thus possible to compare and rank the intentions according to a set of criteria. This article defines a proposed implementation that has been tested on a driving simulator. For a given scenario, we tested our solution on several intentions in order to show the interest of our solution, and the possibility to compare the intentions between them
Proposal of On-board Camera-Based Driving Force Control Method for Autonomous Electric Vehicles
No full textInternational audienc
Fluid Mechanics of Droplet Spreading of Chitosan/PVA-Based Spray Coating Solution on Banana Peels with Different Wettability
No full textInternational audienceThe spreading behavior of a coating solution is an important factor in determining the effectiveness of spraying applications. It determines how evenly the droplets spread on the substrate surface and how quickly they form a uniform film. Fluid mechanics principles govern it, including surface tension, viscosity, and the interaction between the liquid and the solid surface. In our previous work, chitosan (CS) film properties were successfully modified by blending with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). It was shown that the mechanical strength of the composite film was significantly improved compared to the virgin CS. Here we propose to study the spreading behavior of CS/PVA solution on fresh bananas. The events upon droplet impact were captured using a high-speed camera, allowing the identification of outcomes as a function of velocity at different surface wettabilities (wetting and non-wetting) on the banana peels. The mathematical model to predict the maximum spreading factor, βmax, was governed by scaling law analysis using fitting experimental data to identify patterns, trends, and relationships between βmax and the independent variables, Weber (We) numbers, and Reynolds (Re) numbers. The results indicate that liquid viscosity and surface properties affect the droplet’s impact and spreading behavior. The Ohnesorge (Oh) numbers significantly influenced the spreading dynamics, while the banana’s surface wettability minimally influenced spreading. The prediction model reasonably agrees with all the data in the literature since the R2 = 0.958 is a powerful goodness-of-fit indicator for predicting the spreading factor. It scaled with βmax=a+0.04We.Re1/3, where the “a” constants depend on Oh numbers
Learning Sets of Probabilities Through Ensemble Methods
No full textInternational audienceA possible approach to obtain set-valued predictions is to learn for each query instance a probability set (a.k.a. credal set) representing its associated uncertainty. Theoretically founded decision rules extending classical expectation and inducing a partial order between predictions can the be used to derive set-valued predictions. However, obtaining such a credal set by imprecisiating a given learning algorithm is usually computationally challenging, except for simple models such as decision trees or naive Bayes classifiers. In this paper, we propose a simple, easy to use quantile-based framework for estimating credal sets using output of ensemble methods, that can also cope with complex types of data, such as images and mixed/multimodal data, etc. Experiments are conducted to highlight the usefulness of the proposed framework
Automated Planning for Military Airline Controller Training Scenarios
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper we focus on the generation of scenarios for military airline controller training in a virtual environment. We are using a planning system mixing temporal planning and hierarchical task networks based on the ANML planning language and allowing a better representation of both narrative and pedagogical objectives. We also propose and test a method to automatically generate potential alternative plans to the initially planned scenario, reaching the same objectives, to make it more robust
Design guidelines for limiting and eliminating virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects at work: a comprehensive, factor-oriented review
No full textInternational audienceVirtual reality (VR) can induce side effects known as virtual reality-induced symptoms and effects (VRISE). To address this concern, we identify a literature-based listing of these factors thought to influence VRISE with a focus on office work use. Using those, we recommend guidelines for VRISE amelioration intended for virtual environment creators and users. We identify five VRISE risks, focusing on short-term symptoms with their short-term effects. Three overall factor categories are considered: individual, hardware, and software. Over 90 factors may influence VRISE frequency and severity. We identify guidelines for each factor to help reduce VR side effects. To better reflect our confidence in those guidelines, we graded each with a level of evidence rating. Common factors occasionally influence different forms of VRISE. This can lead to confusion in the literature. General guidelines for using VR at work involve worker adaptation, such as limiting immersion times to between 20 and 30 min. These regimens involve taking regular breaks. Extra care is required for workers with special needs, neurodiversity, and gerontechnological concerns. In addition to following our guidelines, stakeholders should be aware that current head-mounted displays and virtual environments can continue to induce VRISE. While no single existing method fully alleviates VRISE, workers' health and safety must be monitored and safeguarded when VR is used at work
Documents d’urbanisme et adaptation au changement climatique : éclairage des intentions grâce à la lexicométrie
No full textInternational audienceIn France, a national adaptation strategy guides national adaptation objectives that must be translated into plans and programs, including urban planning tools such as the local urban plan (PLU). However, the urban planning code does not establish mandatory content for the component documents of the PLU. However, they have the capacity to convey levers for adaptation based on various objectives (control of urban density, limitation of soil sealing, use of the green and blue network as a support for development). Knowing how environmental objectives are included in this document can reveal a community's interest in adaptation. We are creating a methodological approach for content analysis, specifically designed for the sustainable development project (PADD), a key piece of the PLU, in order to understand the ambitions mentioned therein for adaptation. The case study site is the Nantes metropolitan area, a territory particularly affected by floods and which recently approved its PLU. We develop the first step of the approach which consists in a lexicometric analysis applied to the PADD text. The results reveal the main themes treated by the document from which we interpret the consideration of adaptation by the Nantes authority. The results of this analysis can provide useful information for planning authorities seeking to determine whether the policy direction communicated by their PADD is conducive to adaptation.Le code de l'urbanisme n'établit pas de contenu obligatoire d'adaptation au changement climatique pour les plans locaux d'urbanisme (PLU). Cependant, ils ont la capacité de véhiculer des leviers d'adaptation à travers différents objectifs. L’analyse textuelle des PLU peut révéler l'intérêt d'une collectivité pour l’adaptation. Nous créons une approche méthodologique d'analyse de contenu, spécifiquement conçue pour le projet d'aménagement et de développement durables (PADD), document clé du PLU, afin de comprendre ses ambitions d'adaptation. Le cas d’application est le document de la métropole de Nantes, un territoire soumis aux risques climatiques qui a récemment adopté son PLU. La première étape consiste en une analyse lexicométrique appliquée au texte. Les résultats montrent les principaux thèmes discursifs à partir desquels il est possible d’interpréter la posture adaptative de la collectivité. Ces résultats peuvent fournir des informations utiles aux services de planification souhaitant vérifier si l'orientation politique communiquée par leur discours est favorable à l'adaptation
Development of a lung-liver in vitro coculture model for inhalation-like toxicity assessment
No full textInternational audienceAnimal models are considered prime study models for inhalation-like toxicity assessment. However, in light of animal experimentation reduction (3Rs), we developed and investigated an alternative in vitro method to study systemic-like responses to inhalation-like exposures. A coculture platform was established to emulate inter-organ crosstalks between a pulmonary barrier, which constitutes the route of entry of inhaled compounds, and the liver, which plays a major role in xenobiotic metabolism. Both compartments (Calu-3 insert and HepG2/C3A biochip) were jointly cultured in a dynamically-stimulated environment for 72 h. The present model was characterized using acetaminophen (APAP), a well-documented hepatotoxicant, to visibly assess the passage and circulation of a xenobiotic through the device. Based on viability and functionality parameters the coculture model showed that the bronchial barrier and the liver biochip can successfully be maintained viable and function in a dynamic coculture setting for 3 days. In a stress-induced environment, present results reported that the coculture model emulated active and functional in vitro crosstalk that seemingly was responsive to xenobiotic exposure doses. The hepatic and bronchial cellular responses to xenobiotic exposure were modified in the coculture setting as they displayed earlier and stronger detoxification processes, highlighting active and functional organ crosstalk between both compartments