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Etude hydrodynamique du transport pneumatique de solides non- conventionnels et simulation CFD-DEM
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A social-physical approach to question the scaling of local innovations for improving agricultural water management in the Mediterranean
No full textInternational audienceAgainst a backdrop of increasing scarcity and pressure on water resources in the Mediterranean, technical informational innovations for existing irrigation systems have potential to support farmers and Water User Association in these critical times. The capacity to track water flows and transfers at various spatial and temporal scales is now clearly identified as one avenue to improve irrigation management. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are being developed at an unprecedented rate, but they are still not as widespread as the increasing conflictual situations may require. The objective of this communication is to propose a methodology to overcome barriers to larger uptake of ICT due to technical and organizational specificities. We developed a specific method, cross-referencing spatial information and analyzing innovation processes. It relies on a reflexive and analytical project perspective and a
Digital Commons for the Ecological Transition: Ethics, Praxis and Policies
No full textInternational audienceThe article seeks to understand how the digital commons movement addresses ecological issues, how its actors incorporate them into their ethics and praxis, and the challenges they face in scaling up to become a viable ecological alternative to digital capitalism. Building on three case studies, we show that the digital commons currently face three major limitations: reliance on unsustainable Big Tech products, inability or unwillingness to scale up, and negligible political support. Based on two Policy Labs we conducted with actors of the digital commons movement, we conclude by outlining proposals to overcome these limits by adopting E.O. Wright’s anti-capitalist strategies framework
Harnessing Superclasses for Learning from Hierarchical Databases
No full textInternational audienceIn many large-scale classification problems, classes are orga-nized in a known hierarchy, typically represented as a tree expressingthe inclusion of classes in superclasses. We introduce a loss for this typeof supervised hierarchical classification. It utilizes the knowledge of thehierarchy to assign each example not only to a class but also to all encom-passing superclasses. Applicable to any feedforward architecture with asoftmax output layer, this loss is a proper scoring rule, in that its expecta-tion is minimized by the true posterior class probabilities. This propertyallows us to simultaneously pursue consistent classification objectives be-tween superclasses and fine-grained classes, and eliminates the need fora performance trade-off between different granularities. We conduct anexperimental study on three reference benchmarks, in which we vary thesize of the training sets to cover a diverse set of learning scenarios. Ourapproach does not entail any significant additional computational costcompared with the loss of cross-entropy. It improves accuracy and re-duces the number of coarse errors, with predicted labels that are distantfrom ground-truth labels in the tree
DISCRIMINATION OF HORSE SWIMMING STRATEGIES USING SPATIOTEMPORAL PARAMETERS FROM IMU
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Oracle inequalities and upper bounds for kernel conditional U-statistics estimators on manifolds and more general metric spaces associated with operators
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Life Cycle Assessment of Wind Turbine Components for Eco-Design: A State-of-the-Art Review
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Proximity in Urban Evolution: The Significance of the 15-Minute City in European Transition
No full textInternational audienceProximity, while retaining an innovative essence, endures as a foundational element in the tapestry of human existence, intricately influencing our evolutionary trajectory. Serving as a guiding principle for human migrations and settlement decisions, the core objective of proximity has perennially revolved around the establishment of human habitation in close proximity to essential resources. As human needs have traversed Maslow's hierarchical structure, particularly in advanced societies, the pursuit of proximity, entwined with imperatives of survival, security, cooperation, and economic considerations, has historically underpinned the rudiments of early urban planning. This historical backdrop has culminated in the intricate and diverse urban landscapes that characterize our contemporary milieu.The ongoing evolution of needs, practices, customs, technologies, and cultures has played a crucial role in shaping the urban fabric. Additionally, significant shifts in human values, dating back to the industrial revolution and the widespread adoption of capitalist policies, have impacted the trajectory of urban development. The relentless pursuit of speed, efficiency (both in transportation and production), and the growth of a hyper-consumerist society have substantially contributed to urban sprawl and increased travel distances. Globalization, the prevalent "car-centric" model, and zoning policies, despite their undeniable advantages, have often led to the separation of facilities, resources, production centers, and demand locations. Today, this unsustainable model, which has played a major role in the exploitation of the environment and all living beings, poses a clear threat to the future of species, notably the human species.Fortunately, specialists have consistently raised the alarm for several decades. However, their warnings are not always heeded or given the attention they deserve. Notably, European culture is evolving, and the aspirations of its citizens are shifting towards common values, especially in the realm of mobility—placing a greater emphasis on sustainability, social responsibility, and well-being, rather than prioritizing speed or efficiency (REBALANCE 2022). Regardless of size, the city assumes a central role in the pressing need to decrease overall consumption and emissions. This emphasizes why experts in both urban practice and research ardently support a compact urban structure, resisting the negative impacts of urban sprawl. The spatial distribution of resources and diverse human activities is now subject to meticulous examination. Our transportation methods are undergoing thorough reevaluation. Consequently, the principle of proximity is being revitalized, reintroduced, and expressed through various nuanced theoretical frameworks, with a special emphasis on the pivotal concept of accessibility (Conesa and L’Hostis 2010), TOD (Calthorpe 1993), spatial ergonomics (Saint-Gérand 2002; Saint-Gérand et al. 2021), access ergonomics (Hached 2019; Hached 2020; Hached and Propeck-Zimmermann 2020), cyclabitlity, walkability (Misery 2013). The concept of the 15-minute city (Moreno et al. 2021), or the quarter-hour city, seems stands out for its successful communication of ideas. Its success is rooted in its ability to unite cities and function as a clear and comprehensible political slogan. However, the core term remains, and has always been, "proximity." Fortunately, there is a current rebalancing in the hierarchy of transportation and mobility, favoring more active and sustainable modes.The resurgence of proximity in urban landscapes demands a thoughtful blend of urban policies, strategic infrastructure development, and interconnected networks. Urban policies, for instance, should reassess resource distribution, advocate for city densification, curb urban sprawl, and reduce dependence on automobiles. Infrastructure initiatives can play a crucial role by supporting the growth of specific modes like public transportation or fostering innovative practices such as shared vehicles. They can also streamline the integration of sustainable modes through the establishment of multimodal hubs and mobility-centric facilities (Hached and L’Hostis 2022). The establishment of sustainable networks, including pedestrian zones, dedicated bike lanes, and 30 km/h zones, not only encourages cleaner transportation modes but also enhances the safety of more vulnerable transport methods, contributing to an overall sense of urban tranquility.Within this context, the ACUTE project delves into the multifaceted concept of proximity, with a specific emphasis on one of the most recent and widely embraced ideas—the 15-minute city. The primary objective is to create a knowledge hub that effectively bridges the gap between research findings and practical application. On one front, the project scrutinizes 15 ENUAC projects to gain deeper insights into the collaboration between European researchers and practitioners. On another front, it orchestrates open European scientific events designed to actively engage practitioners. Despite the ongoing nature of the project, a comprehensive overview has begun to take shape, revealing diverse avenues of research, application, and evaluation, all centered around the fundamental notion of "proximity." Five distinct axes come to the forefront: the first challenges the definitions of proximity and the 15-minute city, the second delves into proximity for specific modes (such as bicycles or shared cars), the third focuses on urban planning through the lens of proximity, the fourth examines inclusivity, and the fifth addresses the evaluation of proximity (ACUTE 2023).What is the role of proximity in current European research? What are the trends? How do practitioners translate theory into practice? How can we ensure that proximity-related objectives are met? All these questions are at the core of our study and the ACUTE project. Mots-clés : ACUTE, proximity, TOD (Transit-Oriented Development), access ergonomics, sustainable mobilityReferencesACUTE (2023) ACUTE UERA Seminars | Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/communities/acute_uera_seminars/search?page=1&size=20. Accessed 18 May 2023Calthorpe P (1993) The next American metropolis: ecology, community, and the American dream. Princeton Architectural Press, New YorkConesa A, L’Hostis A (2010) Définir l’accessibilité intermodale. In: Dans A. Banos & TT (ed) Systèmes de Transport Urbain (Vol. IGAT. Hermès, p 24Hached W (2019) Ergonomie d’accès aux ressources de la vie quotidienne en mobilité douce : application à l’Eurométropole de Strasbourg. Phdthesis, Université de StrasbourgHached W (2020) Accès aux ressources du quotidien en modes doux à l’eurométropole de Strasbourg : une approche basée sur le concept d’ergonomie spatiale. Urbia Hors série 7:17–37Hached W, L’Hostis A (2022) Mobility Hubs, a lever for more sustainable mobility? Université gustave eiffel ; LVMTHached W, Propeck-Zimmermann E (2020) Mobilité douce et disparités socio-spatiales : évaluation de l’ergonomie d’accès aux ressources du quotidien. Territoire en mouvementRevue de Géographie et d’Aménagement. https://doi.org/10/gpdds7Misery Y (2013) La «marchabilité», paramètre méconnu du milieu urbain. In: Lefigaro. https://sante.lefigaro.fr/actualite/2013/05/24/20580-marchabilite-parametre-meconnu-milieu-urbain. Accessed 13 Apr 2022Moreno C, Allam Z, Chabaud D, Gall C, Pratlong F (2021) Introducing the “15-Minute City”: Sustainability, Resilience and Place Identity in Future Post-Pandemic Cities. Smart Cities 4:93–111. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities4010006REBALANCE (2022) Cultural and political manifesto, Making mobility meaningful to people. Journal of Mobility Cultures & Policies Issue 6Saint-Gérand T (2002) S.I.G. : Structures conceptuelles pour l’analyse sapatiale, H.D.R. Université de Caen, CaenSaint-Gérand T, Propeck-Zimmermann É, Hached W, Liziard S, Medjkane M, Conesa A, Piombini A, KAHN R (2021) Mobilité durable et mobilisation des ressources : Une approche par l’ergonomie. In: Les faux-semblants de la mobilité durable. Éditions de la Sorbonne, p 28
Étude et modélisation des phénomènes de transport et réactionnels dans un four à vis
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Il progetto digitale su Elisa Chimenti (LAI-ALEEF): la problematicità di un profilo mediterraneo tra reti e frontiere
No full textInternational audienceLa contribution présente les travaux en cours sur l'oeuvre et sur l'archive d'Elisa Chimenti (Naples 1883 - Tanger 1969), afin de proposer des refléxions méthodologiques sur les problématiques liées aux projets numériques qui concernent un réseau trans-méditerranéen. Premièrement, nous présentons la pluri-appartenance géographique et linguistique de l'autrice et de son corpus, ce qui l'insère pleinement dans un réseau mediterranéen complexe. Ensuite, nous présentons le projet Chimenti. Il s'agit d'un projet de numérisation du corpus, visant à dépasser, grâce au numérique, les limites géographiques, méthodologiques et scientifiques qui caractérisent corpus : du plurilinguisme à la standardisation de l'encodage, de l'interdisciplinarité à la transnationalité. Finalement, nous abordons les problématiques qui restent ouvertes, d'un point de vue théorique et pratique, concernant les outils et les méthodes du numérique.Il paper presenta i lavori in corso sull’opera e sull’archivio di Elisa Chimenti (Napoli 1883-Tangeri 1969), per proporre delle riflessioni metodologiche sulle problematicità dei progetti digitali che implichino una rete trans-mediterranea. In primo luogo, viene presentata l’autrice e il suo corpus alla luce della sua pluri-appartenenza geografica e linguistica, che la inserisce a pieno titolo in una complessa rete mediterranea. In seguito, viene presentato il progetto Chimenti, un progetto di digitalizzazione del corpus che tenta di ovviare grazie al digitale agli impedimenti ed ai limiti geografici, metodologici e scientifici che un corpus tale presenta, dal plurilinguismo alla standardizzazione della codifica, dall’interdisciplinarietà alla transnazionalità. Infine, sono evidenziate le problematicità che rimangono aperte, tanto da un punto di vista teorico quanto pratico, riguardo agli strumenti e alle metodologie del digitale