Portail HAL du Collège de France
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Negotiating Territorial and Ethnic Belonging through the Construction and Worship of Sacred Sites in Inner Mongolia
No full textInternational audienc
The challenge of LSP in languages other than English: adapting a language-neutral framework for Japanese
No full textInternational audienceAbstract The Global Engineers Languages and Skills (GELS) framework, developed as a language-neutral framework of engineering-specific communication skills, was adapted in 2023 for Japanese to address the language’s unique linguistic and cultural features. Adjustments included subdividing beginner levels, adding a guideline for learning the complex writing system, delaying the learning of specialized vocabulary to match the learner’s kanji proficiency, and aligning communication skills with Japanese norms, such as prioritizing harmony and indirectness in interactions. These changes ensure the Japanese GELS framework reflects Japanese learning contexts and supports learners’ progress effectively. This report advocates for language-specific frameworks for Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) that go beyond English-centric models, addressing diverse linguistic and cultural needs and thereby enhancing engineers’ intercultural competence, critical thinking, and diversity management. This report also underscores the need for ongoing updates to frameworks to reflect technological and pedagogical advancements and calls for international collaboration among teachers to promote multilingual awareness. By integrating the Japanese version, the GELS framework expands its scope, better preparing engineers for diverse global environments
Actes du XXXe Congrès international de papyrologie (Paris, 25-30 juillet 2022)
No full textInternational audienceTous les trois ans, les papyrologues du monde entier se réunissent pour annoncer leurs nouvelles découvertes, présenter les programmes de recherche qu’ils lancent ou soumettre à leurs pairs des approches innovantes. Le congrès organisé à Paris en 2022 était le trentième du nom – nombre élevé témoignant de la maturité d’une discipline, somme toute assez récente dans le champ des études classiques, qui, attentive aux progrès des nouvelles technologies et soucieuse de publier sans relâche les papyrus inédits dormant dans les collectionsou mis au jour dans les fouilles, ne cesse de se renouveler. Ce volume en rassemble les actes ; il offre ainsi un précieux instantané des tendances et des contours d’une discipline en perpétuel mouvement.Après quatre communications qui se sont tenues en séance plénière et qui s’interrogent sur les évolutions de la papyrologie et sur les directions qu’il serait souhaitable qu’elle prenne ou sur celles qu’elle devrait éviter, le lecteur trouvera soixante-quatorze contributions de nature très variée : à la présentation de nouvelles collections ou de nouveaux papyrus documentaires et littéraires en provenance de l’Égypte ou relevant de la papyrologie herculanienne se mêlent des études d’histoire institutionnelle, sociale, religieuse, culturelleainsi que d’historiographie, des mises au point linguistiques et lexicographiques (notamment dans le domaine de la culture matérielle), des investigations bibliologiques ou paléographiques, des réflexions sur l’apport de nouvelles technologies, etc. Toutes les langues parlées durant le « millénaire papyrologique » sontreprésentées dans ce volume : grec et latin évidemment mais aussi démotique, copte et arabe. Des brigands de l’époque hellénistique à l’astronomie du xe-xiiie s. en passant par les soins prodigués aux chevaux à l’époque romaine et la magie de l’Antiquité tardive, ces actes, en exprimant les diverses sensibilités d’une discipline si variée, offrent de quoi satisfaire toutes les curiosités
Who Wakes the Waker: The Monastic Relationship to Time in Byzantium
No full textInternational audienceByzantine monks had close relationships with time, and they were intimately aware of how it was measured. Using both textual and material sources, this article examines the different ways the designated "timekeepers" of monasteries used time to signal prayer throughout the day and night. Concentrating on Middle Byzantine monasteries from Constantinople, it illustrates the different methods of telling time that would have been available to Byzantine monks and the objects they may have used, and it investigates the complications that came with the changing length of days, nights, and hours throughout the year, as well as the complicated liturgical organization of days and years laid out in typika and horologia. These aspects monastic life demonstrate that the monks understood how to work with time and manipulate it in order to conform to their liturgical and ascetic obligations.Les moines byzantins entretenaient une relation étroite avec le temps et maîtrisaient sa mesure. À partir de sources textuelles et matérielles, cet article examine les différentes manières dont les « timekeppers » des monastères utilisaient le temps pour signaler les prières, jour et nuit. En se concentrant sur les monastères médio-byzantins de Constantinople, il illustre les différentes méthodes de lecture du temps dont disposaient les moines byzantins et les objets qu'ils utilisaient. Il examine également les complications liées aux variations de la durée des jours, des nuits et des heures au cours de l'année, ainsi que l'organisation liturgique complexe des jours et des années, représentée par les typika et les horologia. Ces aspects de la vie monastique démontrent que les moines savaient manipuler le temps et le manipuler afin de se conformer à leurs obligations liturgiques et ascétiques
Development of perivascular astrocyte processes
No full textInternational audienceAstrocytes are key glial cells in the brain that form specialized contacts with the vascular system. Together, these interactions constitute the gliovascular unit (GVU), which is an interface between the brain and the blood crucial for the maintenance of the structure and functions of the brain. The development of the GVU is a complex process involving multiple steps and intricate interactions among astrocytes, neural cells, and vascular components. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of the development of the astrocyte–vascular interface and to explore how early developmental alterations in this system may contribute to brain dysfunctio
Le Souverain Ambrosiaque, le Traité des Points-Clefs sur la pratique de la Claire-Lumière (’Od gsal spyod pa’i gnad yig bdud rtsi rgyal po)
No full textAIKON : un environnement de recherche collaboratif pour l’étude visuelle de corpus historiques
No full textThe article presents the AIKON digital research environment, developed as a response to methodological questions raised by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of Digital humanities. Designed for the visual study of large historical corpora, this platform articulates three stages of the historian's work: corpus construction, image analysis and exploitation of results. AIKON takes a pragmatic and collaborative approach. Historians, Digital humanities engineers, and Computer vision specialists co-developed this platform, ensuring that the tasks entrusted to algorithms, such as image extraction and vectorisation or similarity searches, can also be performed manually on a smaller scale. The platform allows historians to maintain critical control over processing, thanks to interfaces that enable them to validate and correct algorithmic results. AIKON is thus positioned as a powerful, modular and interoperable tool that reaffirms the central role of human expertise while offering new perspectives for the study of visual heritage
Self /other recognition and distinction in adolescents with anorexia nervosa: A pilot study using a double mirror paradigm
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Abnormalities in body perception in patients affected by anorexia nervosa have been widely studied, but without explicit reference to their relationship to others and the social processes involved. Yet, there are a several arguments supporting impairments in interpersonal relationships in these patients. Notably, some evidence suggests that self/other distinction (SOD), the ability to distinguish one's own body, actions and mental representations from those of others could be impaired. But research remains scarce in this area.Material and methods: A single-centre, prospective pilot study was conducted to investigate, for the first time, self-recognition and SOD in seven adolescents with anorexia nervosa compared with matched healthy controls (HCs) using the "Alter Ego"TM double mirror paradigm. This innovative device allows the progressive morphing of one's own face to that of another and vice versa between two subjects that interact on opposite sides of the device. Two judgement criteria were used: 1) M1: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize their own face during other-to-self morphing, and 2) M2: the threshold at which subjects start to recognize the other's face during self-to-other morphing. In a second part, SOD was reassessed during five different sensorimotor tasks aimed at increasing body self-consciousness in participants with anorexia nervosa.Results: The results showed that the participants with anorexia nervosa exhibited earlier self-recognition in the other-to-self sequence and delayed other-recognition in the self-to-other sequence. Furthermore, in contrast with that of HCs, the critical threshold for switching between self and other varied with the direction of morphing in anorexia nervosa participants. Finally, when participants with anorexia were seated in a chair with a backrest and footrest strengthening the median axis of their body, the self-recognition threshold (M1) increased significantly, approaching that of controls.Conclusions: Although additional research is needed to replicate the results of this pilot study, it revealed the first behavioural evidence of altered SOD in individuals affected by anorexia nervosa through an embodied, semiecological face-recognition paradigm. The relationships between anomalies in body perception and alterations in interpersonal relationships are discussed within an integrative framework from phenomenology to neuroscience, and new research and therapeutic perspectives are presented
PCR Milieu et Peuplement en Languedoc occidental du Néolithique au Bronze ancien, Quatrième période triennale 2023-2025: Rapport intermédiaire Année 2023 et 2024
No full textLe Projet Collectif de Recherche (PCR) « Milieu et peuplement en Languedoc occidental du Néolithique au Bronze ancien » vise à explorer les dynamiques d’anthropisation, de l’émergence des premières communautés agropastorales au développement des sociétés protohistoriques. Ancré dans le territoire du Languedoc central et occidental, ce projet s’appuie sur les fouilles préventives et programmées, et s’attache à publier des données inédites alimentant cette réflexion de fond. L’abondance des données récentes, couplée à des méthodes analytiques innovantes, offre un regard renouvelé sur les modes d’occupation des territoires. En croisant les résultats des fouilles récentes et des données issues d’anciennes opérations, ce PCR ambitionne de caractériser l’évolution des sociétés préhistoriques, leurs interactions avec leur milieu naturel et les impacts progressifs de l’anthropisation. Ce projet, fédérant une trentaine de chercheurs issus d’institutions variées (Inrap, CNRS, universités, collectivités, secteur privé), s’inscrit dans une démarche interdisciplinaire. Il associe notamment archéologie, anthropologie, géomorphologie, paléogénétique ou encore analyses pétrographiques pour reconstituer les paysages anciens, les différentes traditions techniques et culturelles et les stratégies des réseaux d’approvisionnement et d’exploitation des milieux. Ce rapport intermédiaire de quatrième triennal, couvrant les années 2023 et 2024, présente les principales avancées de cette recherche collective
Unusual planar anisotropy of the induced magnetism in KTb<sub>3</sub>F<sub>10</sub>
No full textInternational audienceThe magnetic ground state of KTb3F10 was investigated using a combination of magnetization measurements and neutron scattering experiments, carried out on either a polycrystal or a single-crystal sample. Results show that Tb3 remains in a crystalline electric field singlet state down to 30 mK. A susceptibility tensor analysis performed on a comprehensive neutron single-crystal diffraction dataset shows that the induced magnetism observed when applying a magnetic field is highly anisotropic, magnetic moments being confined within local anisotropy planes. These features can be well captured by a detailed analysis of the Tb3+crystal field scheme, combining point charge modeling and inelastic neutron scattering measurements in zero and applied magnetic field. Moreover, the local singlet ground state is protected by a large 2.7 meV gap, which the weak magnetic interactions between Tb moments are too weak to overcome, thereby preventing the formation of a magnetic ground state. Within this approximation, an estimate of the magnetic exchanges was extracted from the magnetic field evolution of the ordered Tb moments, obtained from the analysis of the diffraction data. These results provide a first step toward the understanding of the unusual magneto-optical and low thermal conductivity properties of the singlet system KTb3F10