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Teknodotos: An unknown saint, a provincial military official, and the desire to conceive in Middle Byzantine Naxos
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding holy figures in Byzantine society is an undertaking mainly reliant on assessing a large body of written texts. Church dedications, representations in mosaics and frescoes, as well as icons, relics, and epigraphic material are mainly used as evidence to explore questions concerning the proliferation of their cults or to reveal specific aspects of a saint's identity. But did all the saints have a "written Life" ? Or are there holy persons whose written records have not yet been located (or have survived) and whose images remain the only evidence of their existence and of a local cult or personal devotion ?In this paper we examine a saint named Teknodotos, who is only known, as far as we are able to ascertain, from one fresco found on Naxos and dated to the second half of the 11 th century. This unique depiction is located within a private devotional setting -a church most likely founded by a military official on his private estate. In what follows, we aim to explore the occurrences of this unknown saint in other sources and to reconstruct the possible circumstances that contributed to the saint's representation in this specific context. Furthermore, we argue that a comprehensive understanding of the creation and reception of saints in Byzantine society requires a focused and systematic engagement with both their visual representations and the accompanying epigraphic material, as these sources provide crucial insights into the ways sanctity was constructed, communicated, and experienced. </div
Tracing specificity of immune landscape remodeling associated with distinct anticancer treatments
No full textInternational audienceImmune cells within the tumor microenvironment impact cancer progression, resistance, response to treatments. Despite remarkable outcomes for some cancer patients, immunotherapies remain unsatisfactory for others. Here, we designed an experimental setting using the Alb-R26Met “inside-out” mouse model, faithfully recapitulating molecular features of liver cancer patients, to explore the effects of distinct anticancer targeted therapies on the tumor immune landscape. Using two treatments in clinical trials for different cancer types, Decitabine and MEK+BCL-XL blockage, we show their capability to trigger tumor regression in Alb-R26Met mice and to superimpose distinct profiles of immune cell types and immune-checkpoints, impacting immunotherapy response. A machine learning approach processing tumor imaging and immune profile data identified a putative signature predicting tumor treatment response in mice and patients. Outcomes exemplify how the tumor immune microenvironment is differentially reshaped by distinct anticancer agents and highlight the importance of measuring its modulation during treatment to optimize oncotherapy and immunotherapy combinations
Une tradition paléo-babylonienne de tombes voûtées en Mésopotamie du Nord
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Babylon in Comics
No full textInternational audienceBabylon is one of the most common themes in comics about ancient Mesopotamia. Only one ofthe city’s eras is usually represented. And of all the city’s extraordinary monuments, the Tower of Babel (actually a ziqqurat, or temple) or the Hanging Gardens (which were not in Babylon but in Assyria) have particularly caught the ey
Aurélien Girard, Bernard Heyberger, Vassa Kontouma, Livres et confessions chrétiennes orientales : une histoire connectée entre l’Empire ottoman, le monde slave et l’Occident, xvie-xviiie siècles
No full textInternational audienceCompte-rendu d'un ouvrage collecti
Deep Learning to Differentiate Parkinsonian Syndromes Using Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging : A Proof‐of‐Concept Study
No full textInternational audienceBackground The differentiation between multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson's disease (PD) based on clinical diagnostic criteria can be challenging, especially at an early stage. Leveraging deep learning methods and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data has shown great potential in aiding automatic diagnosis. Objective The aim was to determine the feasibility of a three‐dimensional convolutional neural network (3D CNN)–based approach using multimodal, multicentric MRI data for differentiating MSA and its variants from PD. Methods MRI data were retrospectively collected from three MSA French reference centers. We computed quantitative maps of gray matter density (GD) from a T1‐weighted sequence and mean diffusivity (MD) from diffusion tensor imaging. These maps were used as input to a 3D CNN, either individually (“monomodal,” “GD” or “MD”) or in combination (“bimodal,” “GD‐MD”). Classification tasks included the differentiation of PD and MSA patients. Model interpretability was investigated by analyzing misclassified patients and providing a visual interpretation of the most activated regions in CNN predictions. Results The study population included 92 patients with MSA (50 with MSA‐P, parkinsonian variant; 33 with MSA‐C, cerebellar variant; 9 with MSA‐PC, mixed variant) and 64 with PD. The best accuracies were obtained for the PD/MSA (0.88 ± 0.03 with GD‐MD), PD/MSA‐C&PC (0.84 ± 0.08 with MD), and PD/MSA‐P (0.78 ± 0.09 with GD) tasks. Patients misclassified by the CNN exhibited fewer and milder image alterations, as found using an image‐based z score analysis. Activation maps highlighted regions involved in MSA pathophysiology, namely the putamen and cerebellum. Conclusions Our findings hold promise for developing an efficient, MRI‐based, and user‐independent diagnostic tool suitable for differentiating parkinsonian syndromes in clinical practice
Les recensiones auctae de la Synopse de la Sainte Écriture faussement attribuée à Jean Chrysostome : les notices sur les Prophètès
No full textInternational audienceThe manuscript tradition of the Synopsis Scripturae Sacrae falsely attributed to John Chrysostom attests to two main textual forms: a “short text”, transmitted by the whole tradition; a “long text”, transmitted by one branch of the tradition (β family), subsequently enriched in its own way in each of its two subgroups (ε and ζ). From a philological point of view, the question that arises is whether the “long text” constitutes an original lost to the rest of the tradition or a late interpolation. In the course of this work, we show that, for the summaries on the Prophets, the “long text” is interpolated
La compétence en matière pénale des autorités monastiques dans le premier monachisme égyptien
No full textInternational audienceAs part of a wider project looking at the ecclesiastical and monastic handling of criminal offences between the reigns of Constantine and Justinian (4th-6th centuries), the issue raised here concerns the jurisdiction of monastic authorities over the commission of criminal offences and the procedures used. Although Roman law does not recognise the monastic authorities' powers of jurisdiction in criminal matters, when an offence is committed by a monk (or a postulant), the monastic authorities nevertheless exercise de facto jurisdiction. The condition for the possibility of this practice outside the law is the non-reporting of offending behaviour to the state authorities, which allows for the internal management of crimes when they are committed within the framework of monastic life.Dans le cadre d’un projet portant sur le traitement ecclésiastique et monastique des infractions pénales entre Constantin et Justinien (ive-vie siècles), la problématique soulevée ici a trait à la compétence des autorités monastiques lors de la commission d’infractions pénales, et aux procédures mises en œuvre. Si aucune loi romaine ne reconnaît aux autorités monastiques des pouvoirs de juridiction en matière pénale, lorsqu’une infraction est commise par un moine (ou un postulant), les autorités monastiques exercent cependant une compétence de fait. La condition de possibilité de cet exercice hors la loi est la non-dénonciation des comportements infractionnels aux autorités étatiques, ce qui permet une gestion interne des crimes, lorsqu’ils sont commis dans le cadre de la vie monastique
Ildikó Csepregi, Incubation in Early Byzantium. The Formation of Early Christian Incubation Cults and Miracle Collections, Cultural Encounters in Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages 41, Turnhout (Brepols) 2024.
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Changes in continental weathering regimes inhibited global marine deoxygenation during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum
No full textInternational audienceThe moderate impact of rapid global warming on oceanic redox and biodiversity during the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM; ~55.9 Ma) contrasts with other hyperthermal events in Earth's history, and remains mostly unexplained. Here, we use lithium isotope (δ7Li) proxy and Earth system model simulations to reconstruct continental weathering regimes during the PETM. Negative δ7 Li excursions of 3-4‰ in shallow-marine carbonates suggests globally increased erosion rates and decreased weathering intensities. Further, large negative δ7Li excursions of 4-5‰ in siliciclastic successions reflect enhanced accumulation of detrital clays exhumed from previous clay-rich sedimentary rocks, rather than those from weathering of igneous rocks. Changes in continental weathering regimes and associated flux of nutrients to oceans provide an explanation to the muted increase in oceanic anoxia and overall biodiversity loss during the PETM. The concomitant increases in physical erosion and clay delivery also enhanced organic carbon burial efficiency, permitting rapid return of global climate to pre-perturbation state