Portail HAL du Collège de France
Not a member yet
22122 research outputs found
Sort by
Unique behavior of zinc in organic waste-amended soils: A review bridging molecular processes and environmental fate
No full textSource Agritrop Cirad (https://agritrop.cirad.fr/613277/)International audienceOrganic waste (OW) is a major source of zinc (Zn) contamination in soils, while the behavior of this element is highly influenced by its speciation. This review examines Zn speciation in OW and OW-amended soils according to data from studies using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). In contrast to the well-established Zn behavior in soils contaminated by industrial sources such as mining and smelting, Zn in OW-amended soils exhibits distinct characteristics. Notably, Zn–phosphate is abundant when oxidizing conditions prevail in OW, and this species is consistently observed in amended soils. In contrast, nanosized Zn sulfide (nano-ZnS) dominates in OW under reducing conditions and is susceptible to rapid solubilization following soil application. After Zn release in soil, its complexation by organic ligands (Zn–OM) warrants special attention as it has been linked to both long-term Zn retention and enhanced Zn mobilization via colloid-mediated transport. The role of other key Zn species in the OW recycling context, i.e. Zn–phyllosilicate and Zn–Fe (hydr)oxide, is also discussed. Additionally, we review studies using the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique to assess Zn lability in OW-amended soils. This reveals that proportional increases in DGT-Zn levels due to OW application are more substantial than corresponding increases in total Zn concentration, thus suggesting enhanced lability. By consolidating the current understanding and identifying key research gaps, this review proposes future directions to advance knowledge of Zn speciation and behavior in OW-amended soils. This, in turn, can help improve sustainable OW recycling practices and mitigate Zn-related risks to agroecosystems
Thomae de Aquino De rationibus fidei, in Graecis versionibus Atoumis et Demetrii Cydonis
No full textInternational audienceThomas Aquinas (1225/1226–1274) is widely regarded as one of the foremost representatives of Scholastic thought in the West. The reception of his work among Byzantine theologians has proven to be a challenge to trace. To address this lacuna in scholarship, an international project has been initiated: Thomas de Aquino Byzantinus (https://thab.upatras.gr/). This project has resulted in two critical editions being published for the first time in the present volume: Aquinas’s De rationibus fidei was translated on two separate occasions in the 14th century, by a certain Atoumes and by Demetrios Kydones. The existence of two different translations from the same period (1350s/1360s) offers an exceptional opportunity to compare Byzantine interpretations of Aquinas’s concepts. The book meticulously analyses translation techniques, textual fidelity, and vocabulary choices. For Atoumes’s translation, the Latin source text has been identified, allowing for an in-depth study of his methodology.Le court traité de Thomas d’Aquin, De rationibus fidei, a été traduit en grec par deux traducteurs byzantins différents au XIVe siècle. La première version, transmise par cinq manuscrits, est due à Démétrios Kydonès, brillant intellectuel de la deuxième moitié du siècle, tandis que la seconde traduction, connue par cinq autres manuscrits, doit être attribuée à un certain Atoumès, un personnage qui n’a pas encore été formellement identifié. L’existence de deux versions nettement différentes datant de la même période, toutes deux inédites, est singulière et offre la rare possibilité d’observer dans le détail les choix de traduction et d’effectuer entre les textes des comparaisons. L’un comme l’autre contiennent très peu de contresens et témoignent de l’interprétation que des lettrés byzantins pouvaient faire des concepts thomistes. L’analyse de la méthode suivie par chacun des traducteurs (choix et constance du vocabulaire technique, littéralité ou caractère paraphrastique de la traduction, position adoptée face aux citations d’auteurs grecs, en particulier Aristote) permet d’observer au plus près leur technique de traduction, d’autant mieux, dans le cas de la traduction d’Atoumès, que le modèle latin qu’il a utilisé a pu être identifié
Regional climatic dynamics and cultural divergence in glacial western Europe
No full textInternational audienceWestern European climate during the Last Glacial period (50-20 ka BP) was shaped by complex interactions between oceanic and terrestrial conditions, modulated by both orbital and millennial-scale forcings. This study integrates 75 marine and terrestrial palaeoenvironmental records to reconstruct spatiotemporal climate variability across Europe and the Mediterranean region. Sea surface temperature (SST) records reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with strong cooling at high latitudes and relative SST stability at mid-latitudes on multimillennial timescales, which likely moderated western European climate. Pollen-based vegetation records, in contrast, show a steep longitudinal trend, with intensified environmental shifts southeast of the Alps, where oceanic moderation was limited. On millennial timescales, Dansgaard-Oeschger cycles and Heinrich stadials imprinted distinct signatures on SST and vegetation, especially near the Atlantic margin, linked to disruptions in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. These findings highlight the differentiated sensitivity of oceanic and terrestrial conditions to climate drivers and the climatic role of geographic barriers such as the Alps. The resulting spatial heterogeneity likely influenced human cultural trajectories, with stable long-term conditions but strong Heinrich stadial near the Atlantic coinciding with the emergence of the Châtelperronian industry, while more pronounced climatic long-term trend in southeastern Europe paralleled the development of the Uluzzian complex. This integrated palaeoenvironmental framework provides critical context for interpreting Late Pleistocene human adaptation and innovation in Europe
Le Filet des Joyaux, Rituel de Consécration sans Elaborations (sPros med kyi dbang chog rin po che'i dra ba)
No full textMutations disrupting the kinase domain of IKKα lead to immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation in humans
No full textInternational audienceIKKα, encoded by CHUK, is crucial in the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and part of the IKK complex activating the canonical pathway alongside IKKβ. The absence of IKKα causes fetal encasement syndrome in humans, fatal in utero, while an impaired IKKα-NIK interaction was reported in a single patient and causes combined immunodeficiency. Here, we describe compound heterozygous variants in the kinase domain of IKKα in a female patient with hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent lung infections, and Hay–Wells syndrome-like features. We showed that both variants were loss-of-function. Non-canonical NF-κB activation was profoundly diminished in stromal and immune cells while the canonical pathway was unexpectedly partially impaired. Reintroducing wt CHUK restored non-canonical NF-κB activation. The patient had neutralizing autoantibodies against type I IFN, akin to non-canonical NF-κB pathway deficiencies. Thus, this is the first case of biallelic CHUK mutations disrupting IKKα kinase function, broadening non-canonical NF-κB defect understanding, and suggesting IKKα’s role in canonical NF-κB target gene expression in humans
Les espaces du droit international en voie d’appropriation. Réinstituer les communs pour éviter l’enclosure
No full textInternational audienc
The Future of Multiple Sclerosis Research: Unlocking Myelin Repair Through Unified Efforts
No full textInternational audienc
Governing through non-official Proxies. Women in the Diplomatic Activities of the Tibetan Imperial Court
No full textInternational audienc
Gaussian measure on the dual of , random partitions, and topological expansion of the partition function
No full textInternational audienceWe study a Gaussian measure with parameter on the dual of the unitary group of size : we prove that a random highest weight under this measure is the coupling of two independent -uniform random partitions and a random highest weight of . We prove deviation inequalities for the -uniform measure, and use them to show that the coupling of random partitions under the Gaussian measure vanishes in the limit . We also prove that the partition function of this measure admits an asymptotic expansion in powers of , and that this expansion is topological, in the sense that its coefficients are related to the enumeration of ramified coverings of elliptic curves. It provides a rigorous proof of the gauge/string duality for the Yang-Mills theory on a 2D torus with gauge group advocated by Gross and Taylor \cite{GT,GT2}