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Documents géographiques de Dunhuang: Guides et traités illustrés, topographies et recueils du Moyen Âge chinois
No full textInternational audienceLa découverte au tournant du XXe siècle de milliers de documents dans l’oasis centrasiatique de Dunhuang fut comparable, par son retentissement scientifique, à celle des manuscrits de la mer Morte ou de la Genizah du Caire. Si les nombreux documents religieux, littéraires et économiques de Dunhuang ont été bien étudiés, les neuf manuscrits de géographie locale qui en proviennent l’ont été au seul prisme de la géographie historique. Dans une perspective d’histoire sociale et culturelle, le présent ouvrage s’attache à comprendre ce que ce corpus restreint mais cohérent nous apprend des pratiques géographiques dans les confins de l’empire chinois, entre les VIIe et Xe siècles. Ces documents témoignent tout à la fois de la grande codification et de la richesse typologique des savoirs géographiques locaux, à l’aube de la dynastie des Song (960-1279), une période traditionnellement considérée comme celle de l’essor de ces phénomènes
Translators of Dutch Books in Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century Japan: The Emergence of an Elite
No full textInternational audienceIn the early 1770s, no Japanese scholar or interpreter was able to read Dutch without assistance, despite daily contact with Dutch merchants in Nagasaki. Within three decades, however, the situation changed dramatically: by 1811, professional translators were working in a newly established office under the Bakufu. This article examines the emergence of translators as a professional group between 1770 and 1810, focusing on their geographic location, social status, relationship with political power, and the transformations in their role over time. This development is also situated within the Bakufu’s growing interest in Western knowledge, shaped by the tense geopolitical context of the late eighteenth century
Vascular leakage during circulatory failure: physiopathology, impact and treatments
No full textInternational audienceVascular leakage has emerged as a major factor during circulatory failure. Triggered by the inflammatory process following the recognition of both pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), it worsens circulatory failure through the hypovolemia it induces. It may also crucially participate in secondary microcirculation disorders and organ dysfunctions, due to interstitial edema resulting from extravascular fluid accumulation. Accordingly, fluid balance, i.e., the difference between fluid intake and output, is directly related with outcomes during the different types of shock. Moreover, controlling vascular leakage had beneficial effects in various animal models of circulatory failure. However, despite promising preclinical findings, no routine drug is currently available to control vascular leakage in humans. This review depicts the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of a quiescent endothelium and those implicated in the destabilization of its barrier function in various forms of shocks. It further describes available tools to explore vascular leakage and the most advanced treatments under development
Owl-z: Bayesian tool for selecting z ≳ 7 quasars
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents Owl-z, a Bayesian code aimed at identifying z ≥ 7 quasars in wide-field optical and near-infrared surveys. By construction, the code can also be used to select objects that contaminate the high-z quasar population, such as brown dwarfs and early-type galaxies at intermediate redshifts. The code can be adapted for the selection of high-z galaxies and although it has been tuned to the Euclid Wide Survey, it can be easily adapted to other photometric surveys. The code input data comprise the object’s photometric data and its galactic longitude and latitude, while the code output data are the probabilities of the modelled populations of high-z quasars, brown dwarfs, and early-type galaxies at intermediate redshift. As part of the validation, Owl-z was able to re-identify all spectroscopically confirmed quasars at z ≥ 7, demonstrating the code’s versatility in its application to different photometric catalogues. We analysed the performance of Owl-z, based on a metric combining completeness and purity called F-measure, in the case of Euclid using simulated data in a wide range of redshifts (7 ≤ z ≤ 12) and H-band Euclid magnitudes (18 ≤ HE ≤ 24.5). The results show that Owl-z reaches full performance for bright sources (HE ⪅ 22), somewhat independently of redshift. We show that the probability threshold used to select promising quasar candidates can be adjusted after processing to fine-tune the F-measure values for candidates, depending on their magnitude and redshift estimates. We show that for objects brighter than about two magnitudes above the survey detection limit, Owl-z provides a good classification that will facilitate the optimisation of photometric and spectroscopic confirmation campaigns. In conclusion, Owl-z offers a powerful public tool to help select high-z quasars, brown dwarfs, or early-type galaxies at intermediate redshifts in Euclid or other wide-field surveys
Towards a Model of Transcultural Encoding of Ancient Epigraphic Sources
No full textInternational audienceThis diaporama presents the work of the 5A cluster, "TEI and Epigraphy", within the Biblissima+ consortium (Observatory of Written Cultures, from Clay to Print). In order to better capture the semantic interrelations between artefacts, images, and texts in epigraphic sources from Ancient Egypt, Greece, Rome, Gaul, and the Middle Ages, we have developed an integrated digital environment. This environment combines a generic XML/TEI/EpiDoc template (GenEpiTemplate) with a structured multilingual thesaurus (GenEpiTheso), both accessible through a dedicated web-based editorial platform.Biblissima+ provides a digital library and research infrastructure designed to support the study of the transmission of texts from Antiquity to the Modern era. As part of its broader scholarly objectives, the consortium initiated the integration of epigraphic data. An interdisciplinary team — comprising epigraphers working across diverse cultural and chronological contexts, together with specialists in Digital Humanities — was assembled to investigate unified methods of data representation. This cross-cultural approach contributes to refining the conceptual definition of the epigraphic document, emphasising its material, graphic, and iconographic dimensions.The initial aim of the cluster was to establish a shared editorial template for its various projects, all of which rely upon thestandards of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) and EpiDoc. Although a core model was rapidly identified, the first versionrevealed a number of limitations. Through comparative analysis of existing encoding practices, we developed an enriched and fully annotated template, extending EpiDoc with a broader range of TEI elements to accommodate a more extensive corpus of epigraphic material.Concurrently, we developed a multilingual thesaurus, organised into seven thematic domains (artefact, material, text, language, script, production, and field of study). Each entry is accompanied by definitions, translations, and conceptual alignments, and is managed using the open-source platform Opentheso.Both the encoding template and thesaurus are now accessible via the PETRAE portal and have been integrated into thePATRIMONIVM editor — an eXist-db application developed by the Ausonius Institute — facilitating the online editing ofXML/TEI-EpiDoc encoded inscriptions. The platform is further connected to a Zotero library (GenEpiBiblio), which consolidates essential bibliographic references across the principal domains of epigraphic research
Controlled Buildup of Half-Quantized Thermal Conductance in an Engineered Chiral Spin Liquid Platform
No full textInternational audienceWe study thermal transport along the edge of a small chiral-spin-liquid device coupled to two Ising-chain reservoirs, a platform suitable for quantum-engineered systems. Adiabatically switching on the tunnel couplings to the reservoirs generates a thermal current that dynamically builds up and reaches a quasi-steady-state regime. In this time window, the two-terminal thermal conductance can approach half-quantized values -- a hallmark of Majorana-mediated transport -- under finely tuned conditions. The results agree with a steady-state Landauer-Büttiker description for sufficiently large reservoirs, where energy-resolved transmission rates help identify the optimal parameters to achieve the half-quantized conductance. This work provides a controllable platform to investigate topological thermal transport in engineered spin systems, such as realized in cold-atom and Rydberg-atom settings
Du maître de sagesse à la canonisation. Evolution de la représentation de Confucius entre le IVe siècle avant notre ère et le Ier siècle de notre ère, à la lumière des sources transmises et exhumées
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La Clarification de la Liste des noms (donnés lors de l'ouverture) du Maṇḍala avec élaborations (dKyil 'khor spros bcas ming gi rim pa gsal bar byed pa)
No full textJournalists Without Names? Professional Constraints, Digital Norms, and Media Criticism in Contemporary Japan
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines the reasons for the emergence of dozens of anonymous reporter accounts on the social network X (formerly Twitter) in the early 2020s. It is based on a qualitative analysis of a database of 195 anonymous accounts and a series of interviews with journalists. While some choose anonymity because of their company’s internal policies, others seek to protect themselves from online harassment campaigns that have been exacerbated by the rise of anti-media discourse. The article also points out that this anonymization is taking place against the backdrop of a weakening traditional media facing growing economic and political pressures. It highlights the tension between journalists’ increased visibility on social networks and their need for protection from criticism and attack. The study thus contributes to a better understanding of the mutations of journalism in Japan in the digital age and the issues surrounding anonymity in the online public sphere
Disrupted self-perspective impact on episodic memory in individuals with self-disorders: A virtual investigation in the Latin Quarter of Paris
No full textInternational audienceVirtual reality (VR) provides a powerful framework for investigating how environmental factors interact with self-referential processes during episodic memory (EM) formation. This study examined whether adopting a selfperspective or another person's perspective while navigating a realistic simulation of the Latin Quarter of Paris differentially influenced EM in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis (n = 22), patients with schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 20), and healthy controls (CTL; n = 28). Participants encoded specific events from either their own first-person perspective or an avatar's third-person perspective. After the navigation, they completed a free recall task assessing factual content, spatiotemporal context, and phenomenological details. Results showed that CTL exhibited a self-reference effect, recalling more details and demonstrating enhanced memory binding when encoding events from a self-perspective, compared to an other-perspective. In contrast, UHR and SCZ groups displayed pervasive EM deficits regardless of perspective and lacked this self-referential advantage. Deficits in self-perspective encoding correlated with neurological soft signs, while EM performance was associated with episodic mental time travel, executive functions, sense of presence and environmental familiarity, suggesting integrative processes between the environment, Self, and memory encoding. These findings support the theory of a disruption of minimal selfhood or ipseity in the SCZ spectrum, suggesting that core alterations in first-person anchoring compromise the encoding of experiences into coherent, spatially contextualised episodic memories. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of naturalistic settings for uncovering how selfreferential and environmental factors jointly shape memory in psychosis. VR-based approaches may facilitate early identification of at-risk individuals and inform targeted interventions to promote engagement with the environment, enhancing EM and self-related processes in clinical populations