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笹ヶ谷銅山生産データ (天保8年-慶応2年,1837-1866)
No full textNAKALA est un entrepôt de données dont le but est de préserver et de disséminer les données produites par les productions des projets de recherche français en Sciences Humaines et Sociales dans le respect des principes FAIR (Cf https://documentation.huma-num.fr/nakala-faq/). NAKALA est destiné en premier lieu aux projets de recherche des institutions ayant une affiliation dépendante du MESR (Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche).The aim of the Sasagatani Copper Mine Production data is to support the pursuit of research on the question of the extent to which the Hori family, who operated the mine from 1837 to 1971, made profits from extracting copper ores in the mine.Available archival data document revenues from the sale of copper ores, while being silent on the costs of production. This makes it impossible to conclude whether or not copper extraction was a profitable enterprise at Sasagatani. Because most of Japan’s copper ores mined in West Japan are of comparable quality to that of Sasagatani, as were labor costs and technical capacity of extractive operation, the question of the profitability of copper extraction is of major importance for understanding the political economy of copper mining in 19th-century Japan.This data set is the first step in quantitative analysis of the Hori Family Archives (Tsuwano, Shimane prefecture) in the pursuit of an empirically grounded answer to the above question.Together with a companion data set on transportation costs (due to be deposited in Fall 2026), it will help clarify profit margins or the absence thereof during the period under consideration.The research and production work for this data set was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) through the Horizon 2020 research and innovation program as part of the Beyond Eureka: The Foundations of Japan's Industrialization, 1800-1885 (J-InnovaTech) project directed by Aleksandra Kobiljski (CNRS) under the grant agreement (GA) no. 805098.笹ヶ谷銅山の生産データの目的は、1837年（天保8年）から1971年（昭和46年）まで同鉱山を経営していた堀家が、同鉱山で銅鉱石を採掘してどの程度の利益を上げていたのかという疑問の解決に資することである。堀家文書に保管されている資料には、銅鉱石の販売による収入が記録されている一方で、生産にかかった費用については記されていない。このため、笹ヶ谷で銅の採掘が採算の合う事業であったかどうかを結論づけることはできない。西日本で採掘された日本の銅鉱のほとんどは、笹ヶ谷の銅鉱と同程度の品質であり、労働コストや採掘作業の技術力も同様であったため、採銅の採算性の問題は、19世紀日本における銅採掘の政治経済を理解する上で非常に重要である。本データセットは、堀家文書（島根県津和野町）の定量的分析の第一歩であり、上記の研究課題に対する実証的な回答への足がかりとなる。輸送費に関するデータセット（2026年秋に公開予定）とともに、対象期間中の売上利益の有無の解明に役立つと期待される。このデータセットの作成は、欧州研究会議（ERC）の「Horizon 2020」の一環として行われた、「Beyond Eureka: The Foundations of Japan's Industrialization, 1800-1885 (J-InnovaTech)」において、Aleksandra Kobiljski (CNRS)の指揮のもと行われた（助成金番号：GA805098)
Une chronologie révisée de la séquence de la grotte du Portel-Ouest (Ariège, France) : implications pour les occupations néandertaliennes tardives dans la région des Pyrénées.
No full textInternational audienceThe archaeological sequence of the Portel-Ouest cave (Ariège, France) represents a major stratigraphic archive for the study of Neanderthal occupations in the Pyrenees. The Mousterian industries of the site are clearly associated with Neanderthal occupations, given the presence of 33 Neanderthal bone/dental remains. To date, this is the largest assemblage of Neanderthal remains on the northern slopes of the Pyrenees. This study proposes a refinement of the chronology of Neanderthal occupations at the site, through a geochronological approach using radiocarbon dating. We focused on anthropized faunal bones from the Mousterian sequence - a majority of which show traces of activities such as cutting and fracturing - and the Upper Paleolithic complex. The results of the radiometric study together with a reassessment of the lithic industries revealed localized disturbances in the upper stratigraphic complex. These disturbances are attributable to burrowing activities (badgers, foxes), having caused a redistribution of artifacts throughout the upper levels. Combining radiocarbon results with analysis of lithic distribution is essential to characterize more clearly occupation phases and their cultural attributions, despite the challenges posed by bioturbation.This presentation will present a synthesis of the 29 new radiocarbon dates as well as the study of lithic material, enabling us to establish a solid chronology of Neanderthal occupations in this part of the Pyrenees. It will also highlight the importance of combining geochronological, lithic and sedimentological analyses to interpret disturbed stratigraphic sequences.La séquence archéologique de la grotte du Portel-Ouest (Ariège, France) représente une archive stratigraphique majeure pour l'étude des occupations néandertaliennes dans les Pyrénées. Les industries moustériennes du site sont clairement associées à des occupations néandertaliennes, étant donné la présence de 33 restes osseux/dentaires de Néandertaliens. À ce jour, il s’agit du plus grand ensemble de restes néandertaliens sur le versant nord des Pyrénées. À travers une approche géochronologique utilisant la datation au radiocarbone, cette étude propose un affinement de la chronologie des occupations néandertaliennes du site. Les datations 14C de la séquence moustérienne se sont concentrées sur des ossements de faunes issus de niveaux fortement anthropisés et dont la majorité présente des traces d’activités telles que la découpe et la fracturation. Les résultats de l’étude radiométrique ainsi qu’une réévaluation des industries lithiques ont mis en évidence des perturbations localisées dans le complexe stratigraphique supérieur. Ces perturbations sont attribuables à des activités de fouisseurs (blaireaux, renards), ayant provoqué une redistribution d’artefacts à travers les niveaux supérieurs. La combinaison des résultats radiocarbone avec l’analyse de la répartition lithique est donc indispensable et permet ainsi de délimiter plus clairement les phases d’occupation et les attributions culturelles, malgré les défis posés par la bioturbation.Cette communication proposera une synthèse des 29 dates obtenues et de l’étude du matériel lithique, permettant d’établir une chronologie solide des occupations néandertaliennes dans cette partie des Pyrénées. Elle mettra également en avant l'importance de combiner les analyses géochronologiques, lithiques et sédimentologiques pour interpréter les séquences stratigraphiques souterraines remaniées
Non-classical optimization through complex media
No full textInternational audienceOptimization approaches are ubiquitous in physics. In optics, they are key to manipulating light through complex media, enabling applications ranging from imaging to photonic simulators. In most demonstrations, however, the optimization process is implemented using classical coherent light, leading to a purely classical solution. Here we introduce the concept of optical non-classical optimization in complex media. We experimentally demonstrate the control and refocusing of non-classical light -- namely, entangled photon pairs -- through a scattering medium by directly optimizing the output coincidence rate. The optimal solutions found with this approach differ from those obtained using classical optimization, a result of entanglement in the input state. Beyond imaging, this genuinely non-classical optimization method has potential to tackle complex problems, as we show by simulating a spin-glass model with multi-spin interactions
Changes in Atmospheric Convection Over the Indo‐Pacific Warm Pool and Coupled IOD and ENSO Patterns During the Last Glacial Maximum
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates how the convection over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool responds to the Last Glacial Maximum conditions. Paleoproductivity records that can indicate seasonal wind dynamics are combined with modeling data. Seasonal southeasterly and northeasterly winds off Sumatra are both strengthened, meanwhile, anomalous westerly winds occur over the western Celebes Sea. This reflects a zonal “tripole” pattern of the changed convection that is weakened over the exposed Sunda and Sahul shelves and strengthened over the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean and western equatorial Pacific. Model results suggest that lower sea levels and larger ice sheets are responsible for these changes. Coupled with the changed atmospheric circulation, a positive Indian Ocean Dipole-like mean state forms in the Indian Ocean. The Pacific likely exhibits an “eastern Pacific La Niña”-like superposed by a “central Pacific El-Niño”-like mean state. Under such configuration, the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation variability probably strengthen
Steroid hormone levels vary with sex, aging, lifestyle, and genetics
No full textInternational audienceSteroid hormone levels vary greatly among individuals, between sexes, with age, and across health and disease. What drives variance in steroid hormones and how they vary in individuals over time are not well studied. To address these questions, we measured 17 steroid hormones in a sex-balanced cohort of 949 healthy donors aged 20 to 69 years. We investigated associations between steroid levels and biological sex, age, clinical and demographic data, genetics, and plasma proteomics. Steroid hormone levels were strongly affected by sex and age, and a high number of lifestyle habits. Key observations were the broad impact of hormonal birth control in female donors and the relationship with smoking in male donors. In a 10-year follow-up study, we identified significant associations between steroid hormone levels and health status only in male donors. These observations highlight biological and lifestyle parameters affecting steroid hormones, and underlie the importance of considering sex, age, and potentially gendered behaviors in the treatment of hormone-related diseases
Will it Fit? Verifying Heap Space Bounds of Concurrent Programs under Garbage Collection
No full textInternational audienceWe present IrisFit, a Separation Logic with space credits for reasoning about heap space in a concurrent call-by-value language equipped with tracing garbage collection and shared mutable state. We point out a fundamental difficulty in the analysis of the worst-case heap space complexity of concurrent programs in the presence of tracing garbage collection: if garbage collection phases and program steps can be arbitrarily interleaved, then there exist undesirable scenarios where a root held by a sleeping thread prevents a possibly large amount of memory from being freed. To remedy this problem and eliminate such undesirable scenarios, we propose several language features, namely possibly-blocking memory allocation, polling points, and protected sections. Polling points are meant to be automatically inserted by the compiler; protected sections are delimited by the programmer and represent regions where no polling points must be inserted. The heart of our contribution is IrisFit, a novel program logic that can establish worst-case heap space complexity bounds and whose reasoning rules can take advantage of the presence of protected sections. IrisFit is formalized inside the Coq proof assistant, on top of the Iris Separation Logic framework. We prove that IrisFit offers both a safety guarantee—programs cannot crash and cannot exceed a heap space limit—and a liveness guarantee—provided enough polling points have been inserted, every memory allocation request is satisfied in bounded time. We illustrate the use of IrisFit via several case studies, including a version of Treiber's stack whose worst-case behavior relies on the presence of protected sections
Suicide, taedium uitae et droit romain sous le Principat
No full textInternational audienceSuicide was viewed in various ways by the Ancients. For the Stoics, it was the conclusion of reasoning rather than the outcome of a violent emotion. In this regard, several historical studies had already highlighted the patrimonial reasons underlying certain suicides at the beginning of the Roman Empire. Extending this perspective, but with a strictly legal approach, this article explores the category of taedium vitae, "disgust with life," as a legitimate cause of suicide in Roman law.Le suicide a été diversement considéré chez les Anciens. Pour les Stoïciens, il est la conclusion d’un raisonnement plutôt que le résultat d’une émotion violente. À cet égard, plusieurs études historiques avaient déjà montré les raisons patrimoniales qui présidaient à certains suicides au début de l’Empire romain. Prolongeant cette perspective, mais avec une approche seulement juridique, cet article interroge la catégorie du taedium uitae, « dégoût de la vie », en tant que cause légitime du suicide en droit romain
The tradition of poetic interpretation of the Peach Blossom Fan: Session Reaching and Becoming: Social Dynamics of Early Modern Chinese Texts
No full textInternational audienceIn Kong Shangren’s 孔尚任 (1648-1718) Peach Blossom Fan (Taohua shan 桃花扇), the play’s emblematic object, the fan, is intimately linked to the notion of interpretation. With its two sides, inseparable yet distinct, it carries a text on one half and a commentary on the other, with a “painting” on one side and a poem on the other. Here, however, it is the painting that is the commentary on the poem, and not the other way round, as is usually the case. Text and commentary are so inseparable from each other, in fact, that it becomes difficult to disentangle, from text and commentary, which comes first. The author, Kong Shangren, encourages us to follow these primary “texts”, multiplying the signs of interpretation and the calls to delve deeper into their meaning, with the central point around which everything else is organized, the purest original stroke there is, that of the bloodstain that fell there by mere chance, the spontaneous expression of the heart. He organized this undertaking by publishing an edition of his play including a series of poems written by a circle of readers, thus taking part from the outset in an intense activity of interpretation, and initiating an appeal to read and comment on his play, intended in particular for posterity. And posterity learned its lesson. Remembering in passing—which we might tend to forget a little too easily—how, in premodern China, a great part of the critical activity involved versified forms, we can follow some of the stages of a fascinating, and incredibly rich, tradition of poems on Taohua shan that developed without interruption from the 18th to the middle of the 20th century, and see how the reading and interpretation of the play never ceases to evolve and renew itself. Through this production of interpretive poetry, certain meanings of the play are brought to the fore, intensifying or taking on meanings they may not have originally had, while other aspects are clearly no longer understood. In any case, through this rich tradition which has been perpetuated for over two centuries and which has largely contributed to transforming this play into a legend, the various authors have shown themselves to be worthy followers of Kong Shangren, when he wished his great oeuvre to be subjected to an ongoing tradition of commentary, reflection and interpretation. Through this tradition, Kong Shangren organized the long-term reception of his Peach Blossom Fan
Ice core dating with the 36Cl/10Be ratio
No full textInternational audienceExtremely thinned layers and possible folding make the dating of the deepest sections of ice cores especially challenging. Cosmogenic radionuclides have the potential to provide independent age estimates. The 36Cl/10Be ratio is largely independent of production rate changes that affect individual radionuclides and has an effective half-life of 384 kyr, making it an ideal tool for dating the new 1.5 Myr old ice core that the Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice Core project aims to retrieve at Little Dome C in East Antarctica. However, the loss of 36Cl through hydrogen chloride outgassing at low accumulation sites complicates its application and the long-term decay of the 36Cl/10Be ratio in ice has not been studied. Here, we show that 36Cl is preserved in glacial periods and that the 36Cl/10Be ratio decreases more slowly than expected from physical decay over the last 900 kyr. While the glacial 36Cl flux decreases at the expected rate of physical decay within the uncertainty, the 10Be flux decreases faster, which maybe linked to a post-depositional mobility of 10Be in deep ice and leads to the slower decrease of the 36Cl/10Be ratio. In addition to this long-term trend, the 36Cl/10Be ratio fluctuates around a fitted decay curve, which is likely caused by different climate sensitivities of the transport and deposition pathways of the individual radionuclides. Both effects need to be better understood and quantified to improve age estimates based on the 36Cl/10Be ratio
Noninvasive characterization of oocyte deformability in microconstrictions
No full textL.B., R.B., M.-H.V., C.C., and M.-E.T. are inventors on patent application EP23166408.7 submitted by Université PSL that covers “microfluidic device for use in a system for measuring at least one biomarker of at least one oocyte.” The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.International audienceOocytes naturally present mechanical defects that hinder their development after fertilization. Thus, in the context of assisted reproduction, oocyte selection based on their mechanical properties has great potential to improve the quality of the resulting embryos and the success rate of these procedures. However, using mechanical properties as a quantifiable selective criterion requires robust and nondestructive measurement tools. This study developed a constriction-based microfluidic device that monitors the deformation of mouse oocytes under controlled pressure. The device can distinguish mechanically aberrant oocyte groups from healthy control ones. On the basis of a mathematical model, we propose that deformability measurements infer both oocyte tension and elasticity, elasticity being the most discriminating factor in our geometry. Despite force transmission during oocyte deformation, no long-term damage was observed. This noninvasive characterization of mouse oocyte deformability in microconstrictions allows for a substantial advance in assessing the mechanical properties of mammalian oocytes and has potential application as a quantifiable selective criterion in medically assisted reproduction