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Named Entity Recognition in Context: Edit Dunhuang team Technical Report for EvaHan2025 NER Competition
No full textBnF DataLab Projet READ_ChineseInternational audienceWe present the Named Entity Recognition system developed by the Edit Dunhuang team for the EvaHan2025 competition. Our approach integrates three core components: (1) Pindola, a modern transformer-based bidirectional encoder pretrained on a large corpus of Classical Chinese texts; (2) a retrieval module that fetches relevant external context for each target sequence; and (3) a generative reasoning step that summarizes retrieved context in Classical Chinese for more robust entity disambiguation. Using this approach, we achieve an average F1 score of 85.58, improving upon the competition baseline by nearly 5 points.</div
A perturbative approach to the macroscopic fluctuation theory
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we study the stationary states of diffusive dynamics driven out of equilibrium by reservoirs. For a small forcing, the system remains close to equilibrium and the large deviation functional of the density can be computed perturbatively by using the macroscopic fluctuation theory. This applies to general domains in and diffusive dynamics with arbitrary transport coefficients. As a consequence, one can analyse the correlations at the first non trivial order in the forcing and show that, in general, all the long range correlation functions are not equal to 0, in contrast to the exactly solvable models previously known
Casimir repulsion turned into attraction by the nonlocal response of salted water
No full textInternational audienceThe Dzyaloshinskii-Lifshitz-Pitaevskii (DLP) theory of Casimir forces predicts a repulsion between two material surfaces separated by a third medium with an intermediate dielectric function. This DLP repulsion paradigm constitutes an important example with many applications. We show here that it is broken when the surfaces interact across salted water due to the nonlocal response of the ions in solution. We consider the interaction between silica and gold and show that the zero-frequency contribution, which is the only one affected by the nonlocal response, is dominant for distances in the range near and beyond. As a result, the total Casimir force between gold and silica surfaces in salted water is always attractive in spite of the DLP repulsion paradigm
What drives the brain ? Organizational changes, FEP and anti-entropy
No full textInternational audienceThe free-energy principle (FEP) furnishes a computational, physical and teleological theory for understanding biological organization as cognitive agent minimizing their entropy in relation to their environment. Is minimizing entropy the first principle driving all dynamics of cognition ? Is it enough to account for organizational changes in a open-ended way ? After a general presentation of the literature on FEP, we then turn to the paradoxical case of the brain under the influence of psychedelics, where FEP is challenged by an increased cerebral entropy, which induces organizational changes of the cognition. From on this paradox, we then identify some limits of the FEP, notably applying concepts of information, optimization and predefined phase space to biology, which does not account for strong organizational changes. We therefore propose an organicist theoretical alternative with the concept of anti-entropy, explaining how a biological system's disorganization can enable its "unprestatable" reorganization and so its open-ended evolution. We finally rediscuss the concept of activity and passivity of living beings and the notion that their default state corresponds to an activity
Retinoic acid disrupts an NPM1c/ROS/SENP3/ARF oncogenic axis in acute myeloid leukemia
No full textInternational audienceNucleophosmin-1 (NPM1) is a nucleolar chaperone protein frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). ARF and Sentrin/SUMO Specific Peptidase 3 (SENP3) control NPM1 functions through dynamic SUMOylation/de-SUMOylation. Mutated NPM1 is an oncoprotein that exhibits an aberrant cytoplasmic localization (NPM1c) and disrupts PML/P53 signaling. Studies reported increased survival of patients with NPM1c AML when retinoic acid (RA) was added to chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents. Ex vivo, RA initiates NPM1c degradation, P53 activation and cell death. Yet, the molecular mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here we show that in NPM1c AML cell lines or patients’ blasts, NPM1c-triggered mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress drive NPM1c stabilization through SENP3 upregulation. RA decreases mitochondrial ROS production, driving degradation of SENP3, ARF stabilization, PML-dependent NPM1c hyperSUMOylation followed by RNF4-dependent ubiquitination and degradation. Thus, the feedback loop stabilizing NPM1c protein can be interrupted by RA-triggered enhanced mitochondrial fitness, mechanistically explaining the benefit of RA in chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents-treated AMLs
Archiver en Irak : la monarchie entre papiers et mémoires
No full textInternational audienceلا يزال بناء الأرشيف الوطني داخل الدول العربية الكبرى مجالًا تقلّ الدراسات عنه. ومع ذلك، فإنه يكشف الطريقة التي تتعامل بها السلطات التي تتحدّث وتتصرّف باسم الدولة، مرّة مع حاضرها من خلال جمع الممارسات وحفظها على شكل سلاسل وثائقية، وأخرى مع ماضيها من خلال إتلاف أو تخزين هذه المجموعات المختلفة وإيصالها إلى السكّان. يسمح تاريخ العراق الذي اتّسم بالاضطرابات والقطائع بالإحاطة بكيفية تنفيذ هذه العمليّات خلال الفترة الملَكية. تهدف هذه المقالة إلى تسليط الضوء على أساليب جمع هذه الوثائق وحفظها وإتاحتها في ثلاث فترات مختلفة من سنوات الحكم الملَكي (١٩٢١-١٩٥٨). تتوافق هذه الفترات مع ثلاثة أنظمة السياسية. وقد تمكّن أصحاب سلطة الدولة من البوح بالماضي أو إنكاره كوسيلة لبناء أنفسهم في حاضر أُعيد ابتكاره.The establishment of national Archives in the main Arab states remains an under-researched topic. Investigating it reveals how the authorities who speak and act in the name of the State engage with their present, by collecting and preserving practices in the form of documentary series, and with their past, by destroying or storing and communicating these different collections to the public. Iraqi history, marked by upheavals and ruptures, shows how these operations were carried out about the monarchical period. The aim of this article is to highlight how the collection, preservation and distribution of documents in the monarchical years (1921-1958) constituted three distinct periods. These three phases correspond to three types of political regimes. Thus, the holders of state authority were able to relate or deny the past, as a way of constructing themselves in a reinvented present.La construction des Archives nationales au sein des grands États arabes reste un domaine faiblement étudié. Pourtant, elle révèle la manière dont des autorités qui parlent et agissent au nom de l’État engagent un rapport avec leur présent, en collectant et conservant des pratiques sous la forme de séries documentaires, et avec leur passé, en détruisant ou emmagasinant et communiquant ces différents fonds aux populations. L’histoire irakienne, marquée par des soubresauts et des ruptures, permet de cerner comment ces opérations ont été réalisées à propos de la période monarchique. Le présent article entend souligner comment la collecte, la conservation et la mise à disposition ont constitué trois périodes distinctes des années monarchiques (1921-1958). Ces trois temps correspondent aussi à trois régimes politiques. Ainsi, les détenteurs de l’autorité étatique ont pu dire ou nier le passé, une manière de se construire dans un présent réinventé
Les tombes féminines à costume germanique dans le contexte des nécropoles urbaines de la Crimée (Ve-VIe siècle)
No full textInternational audienc
Aux confins de la loi: La nature, les colonies, l'espace
No full textInternational audienceCe premier volume des « Conférences de L'histoire à venir » réunit trois textes prononcés lors du festival du même nom en 2024 à Toulouse.Dario Mantovani se penche sur la notion de droit de la nature dans la Rome antique, éclairant la question aujourd'hui brûlante de la législation sur le non-humain ; Pierre Singaravélou interroge les transformations du droit confronté aux questions posées par l'expansion coloniale ; Samantha Besson, enfin, retrace les origines de la logique propriétaire en droit international de l'espace et propose une réinstitution des communs pour faire advenir une autre histoire.Des réflexions stimulantes qui démontrent combien mobiliser l'histoire pour penser notre monde contemporain et ses bouleversements peut être fécond