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Demeter as Thesmophoros: What Does She Bring Forth?
No full textInternational audienceThe onomastic attribute Thesmophoros given to Demeter, and generally shared by her daughter, is set here against the background of her "onomastic landscape" in archaic and classical evidence. A chronological focus is applied in order to understand, without any risk of anachronism or unclear contexts, what the onomastic attributes of Demeter tell us about her competences in the archaic and classical periods and the relative weight of the title Thesmophoros in this group. This is the subject of the first part of the present paper, with a short evocation of Demeter's archaic profile. The second part, rooted in the same chronological context, attempts to grasp the scope of the thesmos-compound in the name. For more than a century, a large number of authors have addressed the meaning of thesmophoros and Thesmophoria, as a brief overview of the scholarship shows. Without claiming to renew the understanding of the term from top to bottom, this paper tries to refine it by taking into account, more than others have done previously, the archaic anchoring of the term thesmos, in particular in comparison with nomos, another word for "law". I warmly thank Corinne Bonnet and her team for their invitation and the fruitful discussions at each step of the present analysis. My gratitude goes also to Jan-Mathieu Carbon for polishing my English with patience, as always: I am of course responsible for the final version.</div
The viscera (splanchna) and the “Greek way” of sacrificing
No full textInternational audienceThe discovery of a remarkable cult regulation at Marmarini in Thessaly has recently brought to light an exceptional mention in our epigraphic documentation: the statement that a sacrifice could be performed “according to the Greek norm”. As this sacrifice highlights the splanchna (“viscera”) of the animal and the parts placed in the fire (on the altar), the present study offers a thorough analysis of the role of the viscera in the sacrificial process attested in Greek narratives as well as in ritual norms, in order to test the hypothesis that the combustion of a part for the gods and the specific manipulation of the viscera constitute, beyond local variations, the essential characteristics of the “Greek way of sacrificing”
Opposing Firm-Level Responses to the China Shock: Output Competition versus Input Supply
No full textInternational audienceWe decompose the “China shock” into two components that induce different adjustments for firms exposed to Chinese exports: an output shock affecting firms selling goods that compete with similar imported Chinese goods, and an input supply shock affecting firms using inputs similar to the imported Chinese goods. Combining French accounting, customs, and patent information at the firm level, we show that the output shock is detrimental to firms’ sales, employment, and innovation. Moreover, this negative impact is concentrated in low-productivity firms. On the other hand, the impact of the input supply shock is reversed
Quand le dharma s’en va… ou le temps des transgressions dans le Mahābhārata et le Rāmāyaṇa
No full textInternational audienceLes deux grandes épopées indiennes anciennes, le Mahābhārata et le Rāmāyaṇa, mettent chacune en scène un conflit armé, reflet d’une crise cosmogonique majeure, puisque l’ordre du monde (dharma) est menacé. A cet effet, dieux et démons s’incarnent sur terre sous différentes formes. Les récits contiennent de nombreux épisodes de transgressions qui participent, avec plus ou moins de force, au déroulé du récit. On questionne ici les motifs communs et différents de transgressions entre ces deux épopées, sur leurs natures et leurs actants, à travers quelques exemples déterminants des trames narratives principales des récits. Le début des épopées interroge ainsi la relation du ou des héros au dharma, et leur aptitude à le respecter, ou non. Vient ensuite la transgression envers l’héroïne, l’épouse du/des héros, nœud tragique du récit, avant la résolution du conflit sur le champ de bataille, nouveau lieu potentiel de transgressions, où le sort du dharma se joue. Dans ce contexte, destin (daiva) et temps (kāla) apparaissent comme des grands architectes de ces récits, on observe aussi leur implication sur la nature et l’ambiguïté de certaines fautes
Exome sequencing reveals pathogenic mutations in the LARS2 and HSD17B4 genes associated with Perrault syndrome and D-bifunctional protein deficiency in Moroccan families
No full textInternational audienceBackgroundSyndromic hearing loss (SHL) is characterized by hearing impairment accompanied by other clinical manifestations, reaching over 400 syndromes. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential to understand the progression of hearing loss and associated systemic complications.Methods and resultsIn this study, we investigated the genetic etiology of sensorineural hearing loss in three Moroccan patients using whole exome sequencing (WES). The results revealed in two families Perrault syndrome caused by LARS2, p. Asn153His; p. Thr629Met compound heterozygous variants in two siblings in one family; and p. Thr522Asn, a homozygous variant in two sisters in another. The patient in the third family was diagnosed with D-bifunctional protein deficiency (D-BPD), linked to compound heterozygous mutations p. Asn457Tyr and p. Val643Argfs*5 in HSD17B4. Molecular dynamic simulation results showed that Val643Argfs*5 does not prevent HSD17B4 protein from binding to the PEX5 receptor, but further studies are recommended to verify its effect on HSD17B4 protein functionality.ConclusionThese results highlight the effectiveness of WES in identifying pathogenic mutations involved in heterogeneous disorders and the usefulness of bioinformatics in predicting their effects on protein structure
Current phenotypic and genetic spectrum of syndromic deafness in Tunisia: paving the way for precision auditory health
No full textInternational audienceHearing impairment (HI) is a prevalent neurosensory condition globally, impacting 5% of the population, with over 50% of congenital cases attributed to genetic etiologies. In Tunisia, HI underdiagnosis prevails, primarily due to limited access to comprehensive clinical tools, particularly for syndromic deafness (SD), characterized by clinical and genetic heterogeneity. This study aimed to uncover the SD spectrum through a 14-year investigation of a Tunisian cohort encompassing over 700 patients from four referral centers (2007–2021). Employing Sanger sequencing, Targeted Panel Gene Sequencing, and Whole Exome Sequencing, genetic analysis in 30 SD patients identified diagnoses such as Usher syndrome, Waardenburg syndrome, cranio-facial-hand-deafness syndrome, and H syndrome. This latter is a rare genodermatosis characterized by HI, hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, and systemic manifestations. A meta-analysis integrating our findings with existing data revealed that nearly 50% of Tunisian SD cases corresponded to rare inherited metabolic disorders. Distinguishing between non-syndromic and syndromic HI poses a challenge, where the age of onset and progression of features significantly impact accurate diagnoses. Despite advancements in local genetic characterization capabilities, certain ultra-rare forms of SD remain underdiagnosed. This research contributes critical insights to inform molecular diagnosis approaches for SD in Tunisia and the broader North-African region, thereby facilitating informed decision-making in clinical practice
Early life histories in Prehistoric Algeria: first evidences by multi-isotope and bioanthropological approaches
No full textInternational audienceThis study presents an unprecedented documentation on the diet, mobility and lifeways of children and adults at the Prehistoric settlement of Columnata (Sidi Hosni, Algeria). Discovered in the 1930’s, the site displays material from the Epipalaeolithic to the Neolithic. In this study we focus specifically on newly excavated burials dating from the 11th mill. to the 9th mill. cal BP. The isotopic compositions (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S) of bone collagen of three individuals and teeth of five individuals (sequential sampling in dentine) were analysed. Information on protein intake, environment and life history from ca. birth to early adulthood (depending on the piece analysed) was obtained. Age-alignment for teeth isotopic sequences was statistically adapted. Stable isotope compositions were measured by EA-IRMS, sex determination was confirmed by employing peptide identification in tooth enamel of four individuals, and environment and food resources were further documented by utilising microremains from dental calculus. Results show protein consumption was based mainly on terrestrial resources with a possible high reliance on plant foods. Carbon and sulphur isotopic compositions suggest the exploitation of three different areas as well as intra-life mobility. Exclusive breastfeeding is visible until ca. 12 months for three individuals (both male and female) and one child seems to have benefited from a longer exclusive breastfeeding period. Weaning appears to start at ca. 12 months but teeth sampled do not provide information on completion of the weaning stage. The isotopic profiles of the third molar of a male individual suggest significant changes (subsistence/mobility?) at ca. 17 years old. Isotopic, proteomic and calculus analysis are funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR Women SOFar 21-CE03-0008) and archaeological research is conducted by Algiers2 University, Institute of Archaeology with the support of Algerian Ministry of Culture
Tunable ratiometric temperature sensors based on a Zn-MOF material incorporating luminescent polyoxometalates and carbon dots
No full textInternational audienceThe red light-emitting [EuWO]- (EuW) polyoxometalate (POM) and carbon dots (CDs) with green (GCDs) or blue (BCDs) luminescence have been co-immobilized in the hierarchically porous metal-organic framework (MOF) ZIF-8. The EuW/GCDs@ZIF-8 and EuW10/BCDs@ZIF-8 materials have been characterized by using several techniques, showing their stability and an advantageous low europium content (0.23 wt% for EuW/GCDs@ZIF-8). In addition, theoretical calculations were performed in order to localize the POM units into the composite, considering two types of environments. In-depth investigations of their optical properties in the solid state show significant differences between both composites, demonstrating the versatility of POMs/CDs based materials. Moreover, they reveal the ability of EuW/GCDs@ZIF-8 to behave as a luminescent thermometer with a maximum relative thermal sensitivity of 1.45% degrees C at 80°C
