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Marine Model Organisms for Mechanobiology Studies
No full textInternational audienceMarine invertebrate species have been used as model organisms in evo-devo studies for over a century. These species provided a great advantage in seminal microscopic studies because of the large size of their eggs and embryos and the easy accessibility to the first embryological processes afforded by their external fertilization and development. This review provides a historical perspective on the use of marine invertebrates—including echinoderms, ascidians, and spiralians—in the study of embryo mechanics. Here, we highlight the key contributions of marine invertebrates to the understanding of cortical and cytoplasmic mechanics, the implementation of early cleavage patterns, and tissue mechanics. We also examine the emergence of different blastula shapes in metazoans and focus on the clear dichotomy between compact and hollow embryos, suggesting a canalization of a compact embryo shape in taxa that display invariant cleavage patterns such as nematodes, spiralians, and ascidians.With recent advances in high-resolution imaging, computational modeling, and the development of modern genetic and genomic tools, marine invertebrate model organisms continue to be at the forefront of evolutionary developmental biology and mechanobiology. Their contribution to these fields not only provides invaluable insights into the fundamental principles of morphogenesis but also offers an ideal comparative framework that allows the exploration of the evolution of mechanical and biological processes across metazoans
Actualités 2025 en neurosciences cliniques : Lucie Barateau (MCU-PH en physiologie et médecine du sommeil, Montpellier).
No full textIn this presentation at the Strasbourg Sleep Congress, Lucie Barateau, MCU-PH in physiology and sleep medicine at the University of Montpellier, gave a critical overview of the most significant work published in 2025 on sleep in clinical neuroscience. Her presentation focused on a central question: how can a patient's state of alertness be assessed using neurophysiological biomarkers? Drawing on EEG analyses, probabilistic approaches to sleep architecture, and pupillometry, she explored the most promising tools for refining diagnosis and guiding therapeutic strategies.Dans cette présentation au Congrès du Sommeil de Strasbourg, Lucie Barateau, MCU-PH en physiologie et médecine du sommeil à l’Université de Montpellier, a exposé une synthèse critique des travaux marquants publiés en 2025, sur le sommeil en neurosciences cliniques. Son intervention a tourné autour d’une question centrale : comment évaluer l’état de vigilance d’un patient à l’aide de biomarqueurs neurophysiologiques ? Entre analyses EEG, approches probabilistes de l’architecture du sommeil et pupillométrie, elle a exploré les outils les plus prometteurs pour affiner le diagnostic et guider les stratégies thérapeutiques
Dire ou ne pas dire la situation d’énonciation dans la poésie waka : l’exemple des séries poétiques d’Izumi Shikibu
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bDe chen gling pa (1833–1893) and the cycle of the dGongs pa zang thal — A case of transmission of a Byang gter teaching in the New Bon tradition
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Les eaux de Larsa : stratégies d’acquisition et de gestion des ressources en eau d’une capitale de basse Mésopotamie au 2e millénaire avant n. è. (Irak du Sud)
No full textInternational audienceL’étude du système hydraulique de Larsa met en oeuvre une démarche d’archéologie du paysage depuis la photo-interprétation de l’imagerie drone et satellitaire de la micro-région, la prospection géophysique et l’étude géoarchéologique du site, jusqu’à la fouille d’aménagements hydrauliques. Une approche qui a permis d’identifier un grand nombre de canaux, des bassins de stockage incluant plusieurs réservoirs de grande capacité et des ouvrages dédiés au contrôle de l’eau (portes fluviales, digues, vannes) et à son franchissement (ponts). Ces données permettent d’appréhender le rôle de l’hydraulique dans la structure urbaine de cette capitale de 200 hectares où les usages de l’eau étaient multiples, pour les activités domestiques et artisanales mais aussi l’agriculture irriguée attestée dans deux secteurs intra-urbains, et le trafic fluvial associé au port et exploitant le réseau navigable des canaux. Le croisement des données archéologiques avec les sources textuelles met en lumière les politiques des rois de Larsa, de Gungunum (1932-1906 avant J-C) à Sin-iddinam (1849-1843 avant J-C), visant à augmenter et sécuriser la fourniture en eau de la ville
AnandaSky: A Vision-Language Model for Line-Level Transcription of Historical Sinographic Documents
No full textBnF DataLab Projet READ_ChineseInternational audienceWe present AnandaSky, a vision--language model for line-level transcription of historical sinographic documents. The model combines a compact high-resolution visual encoder with global attention, 10 px patches, uncompressed visual prefix and a Qwen3-0.6B autoregressive decoder. It is trained at scale on 4M annotated lines from documents produced in China and Korea between the 8th and 20th centuries. Across in-domain and held-out public benchmarks, AnandaSky achieves sub-1% CER on five of eight datasets, sets a new state of the art on MTHv2 with 0.92% CER, and shows strong transfer to unseen collections. For EvaHan 2026, full fine-tuning on the organizers' data to match task-specific annotation conventions reduces CER relative to the official baseline by 5.2% on prints and 12.1% on manuscripts, despite using one-tenth as many parameters.</div
Interim vaccine effectiveness against influenza virus among outpatients, France, October 2025 to January 2026
No full textInternational audienceIn Europe, the 2025/26 seasonal influenza epidemic started in October 2025. Co-circulation of A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 was observed in several countries including France. We estimated early vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza virus in French outpatients (5,451 positives/18,816 negatives). A significant VE across all age groups was measured: 28% (95% CI: 17–37) for those aged ≥ 65 years, 45% (95% CI: 36–53) for 18–64-year-olds and 57% (95% CIs: 29–74) for 0–17-year-olds. Reinforcing vaccination uptake is warranted
Single-cell spatially resolved transcriptomic characterization of the developing mouse cochlea
No full textThe cochlea, the sensory organ of hearing, functions as a frequency analyzer, analogous to a musical instrument. During development, while the medio-lateral axis supports differentiation of sensory cells and their surrounding supporting cells, the longitudinal axis underlies frequency-dependent properties of the cochlea. The combination of these two gene expression gradients defines unique physiological attributes of each cell intimately linked to its position within the cochlea. To determine which cochlear cell-types have a transcriptomic signature sensitive to these two gradients and identify the underlying gene regulatory networks, we took advantage of the advent of spatial single cell transcriptomics methodologies. We therefore generated a spatial transcriptomic atlas reaching single cell resolution based on the Visium HD technique, a sequencing-based technology that employ arrays of spatially barcoded probes to capture RNA molecules unbiasedly from histological tissue sections. Spatial transcriptional changes during embryonic stages, E14 and E16, as well as during postnatal development, P1 and P8, were investigated. Based on this dataset, not only cell-type assignment in single cell RNA-seq experiments could be validated, but the classification for some cell-types could be refined. Gradients of gene expression along the medio-lateral and longitudinal axes in multiple cell-types together with their temporal dynamics across development were also uncovered. Altogether, this atlas paves the way for deciphering gene regulatory networks controlling gene expression as a function of position in the cochlear cell types, providing a valuable resource for the design of efficient, robust and safe gene therapy strategies