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Burial Sites as Shamanic Traces in Inner Mongolia
No full textInternational audienceWhat makes something a shamanic trace in Inner Mongolia is multifold. It can be a shamanic costume exhibited in a museum, an autobiography written by a renowned shaman, or hearsay about powerful deities that are believed to have hurt a community. This presentation will focus on a particular type of sacred monument built for centuries in the grasslands of Hulun Buir, in the northeastern part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China. Called shindan in diverse local dialects, this monument is not exactly a grave, a sepulchre, or a cenotaph, but rather a complex burial site purposely built after the death of a shaman. The exact place of the shindan is chosen during the shaman’s life and is always situated on the shaman’s nutag, a territory embracing the shaman’s birthplace and the pastures shared by members of the same clan. In other words, the shindan is erected to leave on purpose different types of traces such as wooden scaffold, shaman bones, stones. How are these material and immaterial traces inscribed in the sacred landscape? How are they perceived and used by local peoples? How are they credited with possessing a specific power? And how do they become part of the annual ritual? By answering these questions, my aim is to show that traces left by a deceased shaman through burial sites is aimed at connecting a group of people to its territory and its shamanic lineage
À bras-le-corps ! : savants et instruments au Collège de France au XIXe siècle: [catalogue de l'exposition "À bras-le-corps ! Savants et instruments au Collège de France au XIXe siècle" présentée au Collège de France, du 25 avril au 12 juillet 2024]
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Pandemic Times: Challenges, Responsibilities and Roles for Mathematics and Mathematics Education Communities
No full textInternational audienceThe Plenary Panel 3 at ICME-14 was especially devoted to the COVID-19 pandemic. Its goal was to review and reflect on the challenges raised by the pandemic, the responsibilities and roles for mathematicians and mathematics educators in this context, and to draw some lessons for the future. This text begins with the presentation of the panel and the four invited panelists. Then each panelist synthesizes her/his contribution to the panel, and we end by some lessons drawn from these contributions and the exchanges between the panelists and with the audience
The Life and Work of Auleshi: Sherpa Buddhist Artist and Adept
No full textInternational audienceThe book includes a brief history of Buddhism among the Sherpa, with new information gleaned from Tibetan written sources, the biography of Auleshi (1913-1983), in both Tibetan and annotated English translation, and and a selection of reproductions of his paintings and drawings
Towards Precision Spectroscopy of Antiprotonic Atoms for Probing Strong-field QED
No full textInternational audiencePAX (antiProtonic Atom X-ray spectroscopy) is a new experiment with the aim to test strong-field quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects by performing high-precision x-ray spectroscopy of antiprotonic atoms. By utilizing advanced microcalorimeter detection techniques and a low-energy antiproton beam provided by the ELENA ring at CERN, gaseous targets will be used for the creation of antiprotonic atoms, and the measurement of transitions between circular Rydberg states will be conducted with up to two orders of magnitude improved accuracy over previous studies using high-purity germanium detectors. Our approach eliminates the longstanding issue of nuclear uncertainties that have hindered prior studies using highly charged ions, thus enabling direct and purely QED-focused measurements. By precisely probing atomic systems with electric fields up to two orders of magnitude above the Schwinger limit, PAX will test vacuum polarization and second-order QED corrections, opening new frontiers in fundamental physics and uncovering potential pathways to physics beyond the Standard Model
Artistes contemporains égyptiens : perceptions et réappropriations de l’Égypte antique
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Pyrolyse-GC/MS & Métabolomique - Développement d'une approche intégrée pour l'analyse des os archéologiques et implications pour la datation au radiocarbone
No full textInternational audienceArchaeological bones, often analyzed for chronological reconstructions, are vulnerable to contamination from the burial environment and/or preservation materials, which can compromise the integrity of the analytical data obtained. In this context, this study examines the use of pyrolysis coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) to improve the analysis of archaeological bones. Py-GC/MS requires no sample preparation and can characterize a wide range of molecules, notably by degrading macromolecules. As a result, pyrograms are produced, reflecting both native products (thermostable low molecular weight molecules) and degradation products (thermosensitive and/or high molecular weight molecules). One drawback is that these pyrograms are often complex and difficult to interpret. This is where metabolomics comes in, enabling the analysis of large, complex datasets.In this study, over 100 bone samples from various Eurasian archaeological sites, ranging from the Pleistocene to the medieval period, were analyzed by Py-GC/MS for the presence of potential contaminants. The results obtained show that this technique is highly effective in detecting such molecules. The metabolomic approach proposed here for processing Py-GC/MS data from this large panel of bone samples facilitates our interpretative capacity by offering rapid and comprehensive profiling of molecules beyond specific collagen markers, and by enabling us to select the best processing mode for each sample for subsequent chronometric analyses.More generally, the coupling of metabolomics with Py-GC/MS, by providing a holistic view of the organic molecule composition of archaeological samples and including a better understanding of the processes influencing their degradation, may lead in the future to more accurate reconstructions of “man - fauna - environment” interactions in the past.Les ossements archéologiques, souvent analysés pour des reconstitutions chronologiques, sont vulnérables à des contaminations provenant du milieu d’enfouissement et/ou des matériaux de conservation qui peuvent compromettre l'intégrité des données analytiques obtenues. Dans ce contexte, cette étude examine l'utilisation de la pyrolyse couplée à chromatographie en phase gazeuse et la spectrométrie de masse (Py-GC/MS) dans le but d’améliorer l'analyse d’ossements archéologiques. La Py-GC/MS ne nécessite aucune préparation d'échantillon et permet de caractériser une large gamme de molécules, notamment en dégradant les macromolécules. Par conséquent, elle produit des pyrogrammes, qui reflètent à la fois des produits natifs (molécules thermostables de faible poids moléculaires) et des produits de dégradation (molécules thermosensibles et/ou de haut poids moléculaire). Un inconvénient est que ces pyrogrammes sont souvent complexes et difficiles à interpréter. C'est là qu'intervient la métabolomique qui permet l'analyse de grands jeux de données complexes.Lors de cette étude, plus de 100 échantillons osseux provenant de divers sites archéologiques eurasiens, s'étendant du Pléistocène à la période médiévale, ont été analysés par Py-GC/MS afin de mettre en évidence la présence d’éventuels contaminants. Les résultats obtenus démontrent que cette technique est très efficace pour détecter de telles molécules. L’approche métabolomique proposée ici pour le traitement des données Py-GC/MS de ce large panel d’échantillons osseux facilite notre capacité interprétative en offrant un profilage rapide et complet des molécules au-delà des marqueurs spécifiques du collagène et en permettant de sélectionner le meilleur mode de traitement de chaque échantillon pour des analyses chronométriques ultérieures.De manière plus générale, le couplage de la métabolomique avec la Py-GC/MS, en fournissant une vision holistique de la composition en molécules organiques d’échantillons archéologiques et en incluant une meilleure compréhension des processus influant sur leur dégradation, pourra conduire à l’avenir à des reconstitutions plus précises des interactions « hommes – faunes – environnements » dans le passé
Mission Archéologique en Himalaya Indien. Rapport d'activités pour l'année 2024
No full textBilan des activités de la MAFIL (2012-2024) et perspectives. Himalayan Rock Art Database: liste des liens vers les collections publiées dans l’entrepôt de données dans Nakala.Présentation de l'événement de clôture (conférence, exposition et journée d'études)