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Indian Philosophy, Indian Revolution: On Caste and Politics
No full textInternational audienceIn their brave and challenging book, grounded in political science and the Continental philosophical tradition, Divya Dwivedi and Shaj Mohan engage with the resurgence of upper-caste supremacism in India and its justification via the legacy of ‘the Aryan doctrine’ and Hindu nationalism. Their essays were written from 2016 to 2023, when India’s democratic institutions were subverted and caste-based oppression overflowed into public space―killing and menacing the lower castes of all religions, minorities, women, students and the media.This book chronicles the ascending oppression of democracy in India, a veritable biography of authoritarianism. Dwivedi and Mohan reject simplistic accounts of India’s politics as the opposition between ‘Hindu majoritarian nationalism’ and ‘the religious minorities’, or between ‘Hindu fundamentalism’ and ‘religious pluralism’. They propose instead a genuinely transformative account of Indian politics, grounded in political philosophy and in the lower- caste majority positionWhat does revolution mean where the constitutional promise of equality is betrayed daily by the millennia- old inequality of caste? What does politics mean where religion serves as the justification for descent- based enslavement and indignity? Revolution has only one sense in India, the annihilation of caste; and ‘citizen’ has only one sense, the people of the state shedding caste and racism
Sous les vignes de Mailhac. Archéologie d'un village languedocien.
No full textLa commune de Mailhac est riche d'un patrimoine archéologique connu à l'échelle européenne, grâce aux recherches menées à partir des années 1930 par Odette et Jean Taffanel, vignerons du village. L'étude des vestiges d'habitats correspondant à des nécropoles devenues éponymes, comme celles du Moulin et du Grand Bassin, a permis à ces archéologues autodidactes de construire les bases de la chronologie de l'âge du Fer en Languedoc. Leur vie durant, ils se sont également intéressés au patrimoine de toutes époques de leur terroir. En 1976, ils ont donné à l'État l’intégralité de leurs possessions, incluant des sites et des collections archéologiques, faisant du ministère de la Culture le garant d'une grande partie du patrimoine mailhacois et de sa mise en valeur.Par cet ouvrage, la commune de Mailhac et la DRAC Occitanie - service régional de l'archéologie rendent hommage à Odette Taffanel. Pensé comme un guide archéologique, il permet de mesurer l’engagement exceptionnel d’Odette et Jean Taffanel en faveur de ce patrimoine remarquable
Nonnes bouddhistes en Chine post-maoïste : Discipline, éducation, philanthropie au mont Wutai
No full textInternational audienceAu sortir de l’ère maoïste, l’entrée de la Chine dans une période de réformes et d’ouverture transforme l’ensemble de la société, sphère religieuse comprise, et entraîne le bouddhisme chinois dans une nouvelle phase de développement.Ouvert en 1991 sur le mont Wutai, le jeune temple Pushou s’inscrit dans ce processus. Ce temple, qui se veut représentatif d’une forme de bouddhisme institutionnalisé, abrite la plus large communauté de nonnes bouddhistes chinoises en Chine continentale. Il a fait le choix de se spécialiser dans les domaines de la discipline monastique, de l’éducation, et de la philanthropie, afin de répondre à la fois aux exigences des instances politiques et à celles de lasociété chinoise post-maoïste. Avec ce temple, mais aussi avec l’ouverture d’un institut d’études bouddhistes, d’un second temple affilié et d’une association caritative, les nonnes témoignent de leurs capacités de négociation, de créativité, de diversification du bouddhisme institutionnel chinois, et s’affirment en tant qu’actrices influentes des sphères religieuses, culturelles, sociales et politiques. Si cet ouvrage s’appuie sur un travail ethnographique, il permet plus largement de s’interroger sur la survie du bouddhisme contemporain face aux politiques sécularistes, ainsi que sur le devenir des nonnes dans un environnement encore dominé institutionnellement et rituellement par les moines. L’auteure donne à découvrir un aspect encore peu connu du bouddhisme est-asiatique : le monachisme féminin, et met en lumière les moyens employés pour légitimer la place des femmes dans un monde bouddhiste à dominante masculine
Deciphering the imprint of active galactic nucleus feedback in Seyfert galaxies: Nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits
No full textInternational audienceWe study the distribution of cold molecular gas in the circumunuclear disks (CND; r ≤ 200 pc) of a sample of 64 nearby (DL = 7 ‑ 45 Mpc) disk galaxies – including 45 active galactic nuclei (AGN) and 19 nonAGN – for which high-spatial-resolution (median value ≃36 pc) multiline CO interferometer observations have been obtained at millimeter wavelengths with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and/or Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). We decipher whether or not the concentration and normalized radial distribution of cold molecular gas change as a function of X-ray luminosity in the 2–10 keV range (LX) in order to analyze the imprint left by AGN feedback. We also look for similar trends in the concentration and normalized radial distribution of the hot molecular gas and in the hot-to-cold-molecular gas mass ratio in a subset of 35 galaxies using near-infrared (NIR) integral field spectroscopy data obtained for the H2 1-0 S(1) line. We find a significant turnover in the distribution of the cold molecular gas concentration as a function of X-ray luminosity with a breakpoint that divides the sample into two branches: (1) the "AGN build-up branch" (LX ≤ 1041.5 ± 0.3 erg s‑1) and (2) the "AGN feedback branch" (LX ≥ 1041.5 ± 0.3 erg s‑1). Lower-luminosity AGN and nonAGN of the AGN build-up branch show high cold molecular gas concentrations and centrally peaked radial profiles on nuclear (r ≤ 50 pc) scales. Higher-luminosity AGN of the AGN feedback branch show a sharp decrease in the concentration of molecular gas and flat or inverted radial profiles. The cold molecular gas concentration index (CCI) – defined as the ratio of surface densities at r ≤ 50 pc (Σ50gaz) and r ≤ 200 pc Σ200gaz), namely CCI ≡ log10(Σ50gaz/Σ200gaz)) – spans a 0.63 dex range, equivalent to a factor ≃4–5, between the galaxies lying at the high end of the AGN build-up branch and the galaxies showing the most extreme nuclear-scale molecular gas deficits in the AGN feedback branch. The concentration and radial distributions of the hot molecular gas in our sample follow qualitatively similar but less extreme trends as a function of X-ray luminosity. As a result, we find higher values of hot-to-cold molecular gas mass ratios on nuclear scales in the highest luminosity AGN sources of the AGN feedback branch. These observations confirm – with a three times larger sample – previous evidence found in the context of the Galaxy Activity Torus and Outflow Survey (GATOS) that the imprint of AGN feedback on the CND-scale distribution of molecular gas is more extreme in higher luminosity Seyfert galaxies of the local Universe
Rewriting history as storytelling: official life and its image in fictions of the Ming-Qing transition
No full textInternational audienceIn his 1992 analysis of rewriting practices, translation studies scholar André Lefevere made constant use of the concept of 'image', explaining how authors of rewritten works created images of certain realities, and that these images always achieved a greater impact than the realities from which they originated and with which they inevitably competed. Produced within an ideological system that necessarily reorients their meaning, images always distort or give a new shape to their sources. This possibility of giving a new form to a reality is even what motivates their production.Andre Lefevere focused his interest on questions of interlingual translation, where the issue of “faithfulness” is critical, in relation to language, texts or images. But it is also possible to take up this concept of “image” of a text in the field of intralingual translation and, more generally, in that of the writing of texts produced, in whole or in part, as rewritings of other texts.This can be seen in premodern fiction and drama, particularly in what are known as "novels and plays on current events" (shishi xiaoshuo 時事小說, shishi qu 時事曲), a genre that generated a large number of works during the Ming-Qing transition. Numerous works then set out to give an account of contemporary events. In doing so, they competed with historians and constantly relied on the latter's work or on documented political and administrative sources. These novels and plays, which were highly popular with the public, did much to spread knowledge of the important events of the time, such as the abuses of Wei Zhongxian 魏忠賢, the rebellion led by Li Zicheng 李自成 and the expansion of the Manchus. This knowledge is resolutely romanticized and, as a result, distorts the reality it describes. But it is sometimes considered so faithful to the reality of the facts reported that some of these “fictions” have in turn served as sources for later historians. The “images” of the facts produced by these novels did indeed end up having a greater impact than their sources.This paper looks in particular at the way in which official, historical and actual documents, such as imperial decrees, memorials to the throne, information from administrative gazettes, etc., have been treated in these “fictions”. We shall see how such documents, even if they are endowed with archival value, are not spared the fate of becoming “images” of their original version in the process of recontextualisation in which they are placed.This contribution uses the concept of image in a figurative, metaphorical sense, that of the projection of a reality onto something that is its double, its reproduction, but which nevertheless differs from it, thus creating an intersemiotic distance
Of clay and bones. Archaeometric analyses of tsha tshas from the collections of the musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac, Paris
No full textInternational audienceTsha tshas are created during Buddhist rituals or observances primarily aimed at accumulating merit. They can also be made for funerary purposes, in which case materials such as crushed bone fragments, ashes from a pyre, or nails can be incorporated into the clay during preparation.Easily transportable because of their small size, tsha tshas are nomadic objects that can be found in the collections of many museums. However, the precise contexts of origin of these museum objects remain largely unknown. Furthermore, the notices of certain artefacts indicate that they are made of clay and powdered human bone. This information implies a funerary purpose and, consequently, specific contexts of deposit depending on the cultural setting. It is therefore relevant to question whether archaeometric analyses can be used to verify the presence of human remains in tsha tshas and if it can tell us more about the contexts of manufacture, deposit, and collection. This presentation will share the results of non-invasive examinations made on tsha tshas from the Musée du quai Branly-Jacques Chirac, Paris. These analyses include radiology (tomodensitometry), 3D microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence
Entanglement Transition due to particle losses in a monitored fermionic chain
No full text15 pages, 11 figuresRecently, there has been interest in the dynamics of monitored quantum systems using linear jump operators related to the creation or annihilation of particles. Here we study the dynamics of the entanglement entropy under quantum jumps that induce local particle losses in a model of free fermions with hopping and Z2 pairing. We explore the different steady-state entanglement regimes by interpolating between monitored free fermions with U(1) symmetry and Z2 fermions. In the absence of pairing, the U(1) symmetric model approaches the vacuum at long times, with the entanglement entropy showing non-monotonic behavior over time that we capture with a phenomenological quasiparticle ansatz. In this regime, quantum jumps play a key role, and we highlight this by exactly computing their waiting-time distribution. On the other hand, the interplay between losses and pairing in the Z2 case gives rise to quantum trajectories with entangled steady-states. We show that by tuning the several system parameters, a measurement-induced entanglement transition occurs where the entanglement entropy scaling changes from logarithmic to area-law. We compare this transition with the one derived in the no-click limit and observe qualitative agreement in most of the phase diagram. Furthermore, the statistics of entanglement gain and loss are analyzed to better understand the impact of the linear jump operators.</div
Dynamics of spatial phase coherence in a dissipative Bose–Hubbard atomic system
No full textInternational audienc
Integrating ZooMS and Zooarchaeology to Assess the Châtelperronian and Carnivore Occupations at Cassenade (Dordogne, France)
No full textInternational audienceArchaeological animal bone assemblages are often highly fragmented, meaning that for over 70% of the recovered bone fragments we do not know what animal (or human) species they belonged to. This is especially problematic in Paleolithic contexts, when both humans and carnivores repeatedly occupied the same caves and rock shelters. Identifying bone fragments from these dual occupation contexts through Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) can provide additional insights into both carnivore and human behavior. In this paper, we apply ZooMS to the majority of morphologically unidentifiable bone fragments larger than 20mm (n=840) recovered from the 2012-2013 excavated Châtelperronian layer of Cassenade (France). Collagen was extracted using an ammoniumbicarbonate (AmBic) buffer and over 99% of the sampled bone fragments could be identified taxonomically. While the proportion of Equidae is similar in both ZooMS and zooarchaeological components, Bos/Bison is represented by a threefold increase in the ZooMS fraction (50.5% vs. 16.6%). Conversely, Ursidae, the dominant taxa in the morphologically identifiable remains (36.4%), only formed 7.3% of the ZooMS fragments. Carnivores are also present, but in low numbers (0-2%), and include Hyaenidae, Panthera and Canidae.In the ZooMS fraction, only few bones show traces of human activity (ca. 2%), which is most likely related to low bone surface readability. These show that human groups at Cassenade were processing Bovinae and Equidae, as well as Ursidae and rhinoceros. Conversely, traces of carnivore activity are abundant, and we were able to taxonomically identify 334 bone fragments that were digested by carnivores (as indicated by acid etched surfaces). While large proportions of the Rhinocerotidae (63.79%), Elephantidae (52%), Equidae (48%), and Bos/Bison (45%) remains were digested by carnivores, this is only the case for 1.7% of the Ursidae ZooMS fragments. Three dimensional data are available for all the ZooMS-identified fragments and confirm the near-exclusive presence of cave bear in the lower part of the sequence. Further, the ZooMS spatial data identified a restricted presence of mammoth in the middle part of the sequence and a diverging presence of reindeer and Cervid/saiga remains at the bottom and top. Overall, this study illustrates the added value of integrating zooarchaeological and ZooMS datasets to obtain additional insights into past ecologies, changing site use, carnivore diets, and human subsistence practices.</p