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Etica e diritto
No full textIl tema dell'etica pubblica rispetto alla necessità di rafforzare gli strumenti giuridici atti a contrastare la corruzione in un'ottica preventiva
Application of Molecular Dynamic Simulation in the Enantiorecognition Mechanism of the Pharmaceutically Relevant Leu‐Phe Dipeptides With Four Zwitterionic Chiral Stationary Phases
No full textIn order to broaden the applicability of the molecular dynamics technique and to further validate the efficacy of a computational protocol recently developed in our laboratory, the present study aims to elucidate the enantiorecognition mechanisms involving four zwitterionic Cinchona alkaloid-based CSPs under reversed-phase (RP) conditions. In this study, we use the enantiomeric dipeptides D-leucine-D-phenylalanine and L-leucine-L-phenylalanine as probes to investigate the properties of CHIRALPAK ZWIX(+) and ZWIX(-), as well as ZWIX(+A) and ZWIX (−A). The Leu-Phe dipeptide has considerable potential in the pharmaceutical field due to its potential applications in drug delivery, therapeutics and as a building block for peptidomimetics. Furthermore, Leu-Phe is one of the few uncapped dipeptides composed of natural amino acids capable of forming stable hydrogels. The in silico protocol was successfully optimized by setting the simulation box size, run time, and number of frames to record to generate molecular dynamics trajectories as informative as possible. Importantly, the analyses were in complete agreement with the experimental EO, providing insights into the driving forces involved in the enantiorecognition mechanism. In particular, salt bridges and hydrogen bonds were confirmed as the primary interactions, while π–π and π–cation interactions were identified as complementary to facilitate the SO–SA association
The ontological question in Edith Stein: From Being that ‘presents itself’ in the world to Being that ‘presents itself’ in the spirit
No full textTheaim of this work is to outline the degrees of the constitution of being by following the various moments of Edith Stein’s philosophical journey. Starting from the differentiation between the presentation of a worldly being, which reveals itself concretely in the world in different forms (otherness, motivation and community) and that of a more properly spiritual Being, which reveals itself subjectively the soul and objectively in material reality, the intention is to phenomenologically describe an unambiguous meaning created being that encompasses all the different degrees and modes in which it enters into human history. Human individuals can come to intuit this being within themselves if they learn to glimpse the foundation of their finite being in the light of the eternal Being that is their absolute presupposition
Exploring mental health profiles of male youth detained in forensic settings: Implications for research and clinical practice
No full textYouth detained in forensic settings display a high prevalence rate of mental health disorders, mostly Conduct Disorder (CD), usually in comorbidity with other psychopathologies. However, few studies explored whether there are different mental health profiles of these youth. This exploratory study aims to answer two research questions: What mental health profiles exist in youth detained in forensic settings? What are the underlying patterns across and within profiles? A Latent Profile Analysis based on the number of CD criteria and number of comorbid disorders was performed in a sample of 119 male youth detained in Portuguese juvenile detention facilities. Significant mean differences on variables of interest (e.g., sociodemographic/legal/criminal/clinical) across profiles were also tested. Results found two profiles, a severe mentally disturbed profile (moderate/severe type of CD and moderate comorbidity rates) and a highly severe mentally disturbed profile (severe type of CD and high comorbidity rates), which also differ on variables of interest. Findings shed light on the potential heterogeneity of these youth considering their mental health patterns, giving also clues on complexities across and within profiles. This study reinforces the need for accurate assessments and personalized treatment approaches for the specific intervention needs of these youth
Child and adolescent mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe COVID-19 outbreak impacted child and adolescent mental health. This five-wave study examined the growth trends of internalizing, externalizing, and sleep symptoms in Italian children and adolescents. It also investigated how individual, pandemic-related, and environmental factors influenced trends throughout the pandemic and lockdown periods until its end in May 2023. Parents reported their children and adolescents (ages 3–18) symptoms, socio-demographics, COVID-19-exposure, and housing characteristics. Results revealed a quadratic growth for internalizing and sleep symptoms and a stable-high trend for externalizing symptoms, within five-week of lockdown, followed by a decrease over two-years. Age and sex moderated these trends, with early adolescent girls exhibiting higher symptom levels even post-pandemic. Hospitalization of family members/friends was associated with increased internalizing symptoms, while access to a balcony/garden influenced all symptoms. Findings suggest the general decline in symptoms reflects the easing of national restrictions, highlighting the role of environmental factors in shaping children's responses
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles from Donkey Colostrum and Mature Milk
No full textBackground/Objectives: Donkey milk (DM) has been considered a valuable alternative to human and bovine counterparts as well as to infant formulas. Milk extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been proposed to influence key biological processes. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive characterization of the protein composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by extending quantitative proteomic comparisons to EVs derived from donkey colostrum (DC) and mature donkey milk (MDM). Methods: The EVs were isolated from DC and MDM samples, characterized, and subjected to proteomic analysis using the tandem mass tag-based quantitative approach. Results: In addition to typical milk proteins and EV markers, EVs from DC and MDM both contain components associated with the immune system, immune response, or promoting tissue repair, and assisting with communication between the infant and their environment. The EVs from DC were enriched in proteins associated with protein turnover, specific defense functions, and regenerative processes. Conclusions: Overall, the results can contribute to the broader characterization of the overall protein composition of DC and MDM and might help to predict the beneficial effects of the corresponding EVs on various mammalian cells. They may also provide valuable insights for the development of novel DM-based products for food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological applications
Drought response strategies of Arbequina, Arbosana and Koroneiki olive cultivars revealed by ring growth, wood anatomy and d13C dynamics
No full textThe olive tree (Olea europaea L.), a key crop in Mediterranean climates, is
increasingly affected by climate variability. Over the last several decades, the
Umbria region of central Italy, with its long-standing olive-growing tradition, has
experienced a rise in extreme summer droughts, severely impacting water
availability. This makes it an ideal case study for investigating olive tree
responses to climatic stress. In this study, we examined the adaptive strategies
of three economically important cultivars – Arbequina, Arbosana, and Koroneiki
– grown as mature trees (7 years old) between 2020 and 2023. We combined
dendrochronological techniques, wood anatomical analyses, and intra-seasonal
d13C profiling to assess growth dynamics, structural adjustments, and ecophysiological
responses across four growing seasons. Our results revealed
distinct cultivar-specific strategies in response to climate variation. In
Arbequina and Arbosana, d13C values showed significant correlations with
current-year spring and summer climate conditions, as well as with conditions
during the preceding winter, reflecting a more isohydric behavior. In contrast,
Koroneiki exhibited a more anisohydric strategy: its d13C values were primarily
influenced by precipitation from the previous winter, indicating a reliance on
stored carbon reserves to support early-season growth. Wood anatomical traits
further supported these differences. Koroneiki exhibited higher vessel density
and a greater proportion of lumen area, traits that enhance water transport
efficiency. It also achieved the highest stem basal area and fruit production
among the three cultivars, reaching 10.2 kg/tree in 2023. These characteristics
highlight Koroneiki’s potential as a drought-resilient cultivar suited for future
orchard designs in Mediterranean regions increasingly affected by heat and
water stress
Assessment of the inter-critical coarse grain heat affected zone in welded joints of vanadium micro-alloyed HSLA steels
No full textPersonalized environmental control systems (PECS): A systematic review of performance evaluation methods for thermal comfort, air quality and energy
No full textPersonalized Environmental Control Systems (PECS) can improve both comfort and energy efficiency by shifting indoor climate control toward localized, occupant-tailored comfort, unlike conventional systems that condition entire, partly unoccupied spaces uniformly. Despite their potential, the absence of standardized assessment and reporting methods, and the diversified PECS technical specifics hinder consistent performance evaluation practices. Conducted in the framework of IEA EBC's Annex 87, this review, based on the PRISMA statement, provides a comprehensive overview of existing methods and indicators used to evaluate the performance of PECS, specifically targeting thermal and air quality domains. A novel three-layered classification approach was applied to categorize PECS types, and reviewed studies were grouped into four methodological categories: building simulation, CFD, chamber, and field studies. The review identifies methods’ usage trends, benefits, and limitations. Among 302 reviewed papers, more than half (61 %) adopt controlled laboratory tests, while CFD is the most used simulation method (68.6 % of simulation studies). Field studies are a minority, highlighting the limited implementation of PECS in real-world scenarios. Simulations are cost effective in rapidly prototyping and developing PECS. However, the insights they provide into PECS performance are limited by either model resolution constraints or high complexity. Comfort evaluations do not consider individual occupant differences nor behavior inherent to PECS. It is through experiments that knowledge can be gained on realistic occupant responses. However, they can be resource intensive and require careful planning. This review provides best practice guidelines to assist researchers in improving quality reporting of their methods