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Hybrid Energy Storage System for BEV and FCEV Charging Stations—Use Case for Aluminum as Energy Carrier
No full textThe development of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure and load management remains a significant challenge in the transition to sustainable mobility. This chapter explores the use of aluminum (Al) as an energy carrier to enable a hybrid management of BEV charging and fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) hydrogen (H2) refueling. The use of aluminum enables on-site power and flexible H2 generation, enhancing flexibility and versatility in EV charge management strategies. The study introduces this emerging concept, providing a theoretical foundation for its techno-economic implications and presenting a formulated use case that examines the potential of the Al wet-combustion process for large hybrid charging stations. By leveraging aluminum’s high energy density, recyclability, and multi-functionality, this approach offers a promising pathway to improve charging infrastructure resilience and energy efficiency
Role of pulsed radiofrequency on the immunological system in chronic pain patients: a narrative review. Occhigrossi F, Mosca J, Leoni MLG, Pasqualucci A, Gazzeri R, Cascella M, et al. Role of pulsed radiofrequency on the immunological system in chronic pain patients: a narrative review. Explor Immunol. 2026;6:1003235. https://doi.org/10.37349/ei.2026.1003235
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Towards Climate Neutrality by 2050: Role of Aluminum for Short- and Long-Term Energy and Hydrogen Storage
No full textReaching climate neutrality by 2050 requires innovative long-term energy storage (LTES) solutions beyond the current use of fossil fuels. While hydrogen is widely promoted, its low volumetric energy density, complex storage requirements, and limited infrastructure readiness raise questions about scalability. This Perspective paper argues that aluminum deserves attention as a strategic energy carrier. With an exceptionally high volumetric energy density, global availability, and full recyclability, aluminum offers unique advantages for seasonal storage and sector coupling. We highlight the promising high-temperature aluminum-steam oxidation pathway, which produces both heat and hydrogen alongside gamma-Al2O3, directly recyclable in decarbonized smelting processes. Beyond technical feasibility, we discuss system-level opportunities, from coupling aluminum-based storage with renewable-powered smelting plants to enabling multi-service energy hubs for electricity and mobility. Preliminary techno-economic assessments show that aluminum-based hybrid cycles can achieve round-trip efficiencies of 30-36% in power-to-power applications and competitive levelized costs for electricity and hydrogen production in the power-to-X framework. Moreover, key performance indexes show aluminum-based hydrogen aboveground storage can reach densities exceeding Clean Hydrogen targets by a factor of seven, with competitive CAPEX and OPEX values. These results highlight aluminum's potential to complement or outperform hydrogen in enabling reliable, high-density, and fully recyclable energy storage within decarbonized energy systems
Towards the classification of exceptional scattered polynomials
No full textScattered polynomials over finite fields attracted an increasing attention in the last years. One of the reasons is their deep connection with Maximum Rank Distance (MRD) codes. Known classification results for exceptional scattered polynomials, i.e. polynomials which are scattered over infinite field extensions, are limited to the cases where their index l is small, or a prime number larger than the q-degree k of the polynomial, or an integer smaller than k in the case where k is a prime. In this paper we completely classify exceptional scattered polynomials when the maximum between l and k is odd, and give partial results when it is even, extending a result of Ferraguti and Micheli in 2021
A literature review of slaughterhouse waste valorisation: Techniques, environmental, and economic implications
No full textManaging slaughterhouse waste (SHW) is a critical global challenge. Over the past two decades, the focus on sustainable waste management has intensified, with valorisation emerging as a key solution. This review examines the most significant outcomes of recent advancements in SHW valorisation, particularly from 2010 onward, with an emphasis on African contexts, which remain underrepresented in the literature. Notable results include the successful integration of biochemical processes, advanced waste-to-energy technologies, and nutrient recovery techniques. These approaches have demonstrated measurable outcomes such as significant reductions in environmental impact, enhanced energy recovery, and economic benefits for local communities. Case studies from African countries showcase the effectiveness of specific valorisation strategies, including high-efficiency biogas production and resource recovery, offering practical insights for wider adoption and scalability. Organized into 11 sections, the review identifies key research gaps, such as the need for region-specific technologies and policy frameworks and proposes concrete recommendations for advancing circular economy practices. The ultimate aim is to provide a roadmap for researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals to drive the sustainable development of SHW management, contributing to global efforts for waste reduction and resource maximization
Closed-loop recycling of an intrinsically flame-retardant epoxy/carbon fiber composite toward formaldehyde-free wood adhesives
No full textThe development of covalent adaptable networks has addressed the issue of difficult degradation and reprocessing for composite materials. However, the greater severe challenge regarding the utilization of recycled products has not yet been overcome. With the increasing awareness of fire safety and environmental protection, the development of flame-retardant polymers to solve fire safety and recyclability is urgently needed. Epoxy resins typically have a three-dimensional cross-linked network, which requires more complex conditions for their degradation and recovery. Herein, a dual-dynamic cross-linked network composed of hydrazone bonds and ester bonds was proposed to prepare recyclable vanillin-based epoxy with excellent flame retardancy. The introduction of hydrazone bonds greatly enhanced both stiffness and dynamic exchange capability, endowed the materials with good tensile strength and self-healing performance. The prepared resins revealed a high tensile strength of 76.9 MPa and intrinsic flame retardancy UL 94 V0 level. Importantly, driven by the dynamic ester exchange reaction catalyzed by the tris(dimethylaminomethyl)phenol, the resultant carbon fiber composite material was completely degraded in glycol at 120 °C within 4 h. Further, along the theme of sustainable development, the recovered oligomer showed good potential as wood adhesive. Interestingly, the recycled polymer still maintained excellent flame-retardant properties. The further introduction of lignin provided hydrogen bonding and cross-linking capability, endowing the material with a high adhesive strength of 7.3 MPa. This work would provide an approach for the preparation of intrinsic flame-retardant recyclable epoxy resin and realize the conversion of its recycled product to high-value applications
Chitosan/hazelnut shell powder composites as innovative dressing in the treatment of wounds
No full textHybrid Energy Storage Systems Coupled with Renewable Power Plants for Power Smoothing Applications
No full textThe growing renewable generation implies a transition from centralized to de-centralized grid infrastructure, with several low voltage local prosumers taking part as active users within the grid. In this framework, design, planning, modelling, control and optimization of multiple energy systems and grid infrastructures should be developed to manage renewable variability. Therefore, Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) could play a crucial role to provide additional grid flexibility. Grid services, such as power smoothing, load levelling and voltage and frequency sup-port, will play a crucial role to guarantee the safety and stability of future power grids. Nevertheless, single ESS technologies cannot operate over multiple time-scales. To overcome such aspects, implementing different complementary ESSs into Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESSs) allows to extend the operating rang-es and the lifespan of the single devices, especially when coupled with very un-predictable renewable generators. Challenging aspects, such as the HESS optimal sizing and power management strategy to maximize the hybridization benefits in power smoothing applications, are analysed in this Chapter. HESS benefits in terms of electric performance at the point of common coupling are also investi-gated. Finally, a techno-economic assessment concerning the benefits of HESS integration for performing wind power smoothing is presented
Hourly energy demand impacts of battery electric vehicle adoption in Italy: A grid simulation and policy analysis
No full textThe growing adoption of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) poses significant challenges to electricity grids,
especially in countries aiming for rapid decarbonization. This study evaluates the hourly impact of BEV inte
gration on Italy’s energy system using a Python-based simulation model. Two scenarios are analyzed for 2024:
(1) 3.5 million BEVs and (2) 7 million BEVs. The model incorporates hourly charging profiles for household and
highway fast-charging, Italy’s renewable energy mix (solar, wind, hydro, bioenergy), and a 5 GWh battery en
ergy storage system. Results show that Scenario 1 increases daily electricity demand by 19 % (to 1.1 TWh), with
peak loads of 47–49 GW, requiring 152 GWh of thermal generation and emitting 76,000 tons of CO
daily.
Scenario 2 raises demand by 40 % (to 1.25 TWh), with peak loads of 50–53 GW, 224 GWh of thermal generation,
and 112,000 tons of CO
2
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emissions. Existing storage mitigates 20 % of peak load but is insufficient for Scenario
2’s 15 GW shortfall. Key demand spikes occur at 01:00 and 11:00–18:00, coinciding with home and highway
charging. Policy strategies such as time-of-use tariffs, expanding storage to 15 GWh, and doubling solar capacity
could reduce emissions by up to 35 % and supply 80 % of BEV charging needs during daylight hours. This hourly
resolution analysis offers critical insights for grid planning and supports the EU’s Fit for 55 targets