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Progressive Participatory Observation Applied to Priority Neighbourhoods
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a progressive participatory observation that can be used as a sociological investigation within communities. The usefulness of participant observation in sociological projects is first asserted, particularly in an urban context. Competencies, know-how and interpersonal skills are then explained before to detail the progressive approach, consisting of four levels of observation. The progressive participatory observation is applied to an experimental project to set up a permaculture urban micro-farm with residents of a priority neighbourhood. Feedback on the experiment has identified several key recommendations for implementing the approach
Dietary water footprint of most-consumed foods: a national consumption-based assessment
No full textInternational audiencePurpose Shifts in national dietary patterns can significantly influence a country’s water footprint (WF), particularly in water-stressed regions like South Korea. This study evaluates how changes in Korean food consumption between 2008 and 2023 have altered the national dietary WF, using 55 of the most-consumed food items to identify demographic and regional “hot spots” of rising water use and to provide an empirical basis for sustainable food and water policy. Design/methodology/approach A time-series, consumption-based quantitative analysis was conducted using food consumption data from the Korea Health Industry Development Institute. Daily WF for 55 high-consumption food items was calculated by multiplying per capita daily intake by food-specific WF coefficients, derived primarily from domestic literature and supplemented with global datasets where necessary. The analysis spans 2008 to 2023 and is stratified by urban scale, gender and age group to examine group-level differences in food-related water use. Findings Despite only modest growth in overall food intake, the total dietary WF increased by approximately 56.7%. This rise was driven primarily by a decrease in rice consumption and a sharp increase in water-intensive animal proteins. Small- and medium-sized cities experienced the largest relative increase (∼127.7%), men consistently exceeded women in WF and the 30–49 age cohort recorded the largest absolute gain. Research limitations/implications This study acknowledges several limitations. First, we utilized global food WF coefficients based on the typical diet. This approach does not accurately reflect the unique water consumption patterns in South Korea. Consequently, it is vital to develop a WF assessment that is tailored to South Korea’s distinct domestic conditions, cultural practices and dietary preferences. Designing a new WF model that considers the local environment and the food culture of South Korea will yield more precise and applicable results. Second, while this study analysed 16 of the top 30 most consumed foods in 2020 based on consistent data available from 2010 to 2020, the selected foods may not fully represent the overall consumption patterns of South Koreans. To capture a more comprehensive view of water consumption and food intake throughout the country, it is essential to establish a WF for specific Korean foods, such as kimchi, rice cakes, soju and other local delicacies. By developing WFs for all 30 highly consumed food items each year, we can gain an accurate understanding of the water usage associated with the Korean diet. Practical implications The results urge embedding WF metrics into Korean dietary guidelines, food-labelling schemes and institutional catering programmes, supported by a high-resolution national WF database, a real-time reporting platform and consumer awareness campaigns steering choices towards lower-WF foods. Originality/value This study is the first to present a demographically segmented, time-series assessment of Korea’s dietary WF. It connects empirical evidence with sustainability policy by showing the need for localised WF metrics and tailored interventions. These findings offer actionable insights for aligning national food systems with sustainable water use and integrated resource management
LLM-based Continuous Intrusion Detection Framework for Next-Gen Networks
No full textInternational audienc
Enhanced mathematical formulation for operating room scheduling problem
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an enhanced mathematical model for optimizing operating room (OR) scheduling, building on the foundational decision support system developed by Dios et al. (2015). The proposed model incorporates additional constraints related to surgeon availability, patient prioritization and OR resource allocation, addressing the limitations of previous scheduling frameworks. A comparative performance analysis between the improved mixed-integer linear programming model and its predecessor demonstrates a significant improvement in both solution quality and computational efficiency. Furthermore, the new model has been successfully applied as the basis for a ”fix-and-relax” decomposition method that solves the problem using a heuristic approach. This method shows promising results, achieving an average gap of less than 3% relative to the lower bound provided by the commercial solver CPLEX
Simultaneous Coordinate Maximization Algorithm for Maximum A Posteriori Compton Camera Imaging With Markov Random Field Prior
No full textInternational audienceIt is widely acknowledged that maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, when combined with a Markov random field (MRF) prior, is an effective tool for Compton camera imaging from Poisson data. While MAP estimation involves solving an optimization problem, the primary challenge arises from the correlation inherent in the MRF prior. Unlike most existing expectation maximization (EM)-like algorithms that address this challenge indirectly, we propose a simultaneous coordinate maximization (SCM) algorithm to directly handle convex MRF priors. Basically, the proposed algorithm breaks the correlation within MRF in the same way as sequential coordinate ascent (CA) algorithms; however, it allows updating all coordinates simultaneously at each iteration, rather than one coordinate or one block of coordinates sequentially. It is thus applicable to large-scale optimization problems, and hence especially suitable for high-dimensional Compton image reconstruction in real time. We prove the convergence of the SCM algorithm and analyze its convergence rate and complexity using both analytical and numerical methods. In light of the SCM algorithm, we develop a closed-form algorithm called MAP-SCM-EM for Compton camera imaging under the assumption of the EM surrogate of the Poisson log-likelihood function and the zero-mean Gaussian MRF prior. Numerous comparative studies with more classical reconstruction algorithms using real-world data, conducted with hand-held CeBr3 Temporal Compton cameras developed by Damavan company, have confirmed that our algorithm offers a good compromise between speed and accuracy of reconstruction
Pratiques de quantification de l'empreinte environnementale du numérique
No full textInternational audiencePratiques de quantification de l'empreinte environnementale du numériqu
Open Review of "A gradient-enhanced approach for stable finite element approximations of reaction-convection-diffusion problems"
No full textThis is the Open Review of article https://doi.org/10.46298/jtcam.15788 published by JTCA
Etudier les collaborations supportées par le numérique grâce aux Ecologies d'Artefacts : un état de l'art
No full textInternational audienceLes activités de collaboration numérique impliquent souvent l’utilisation de plusieurs outils (logiciels, terminaux, messagerie, etc.), mais la recherche en interaction humain-machine se concentre généralement sur un seul outil à la fois. Le concept d’écologie d’artefacts (EoA) permet de combler cette lacune en étudiant l’interaction entre plusieurs outils utilisés de manière coordonnée. Bien que des travaux aient montré l’importance de cette approche, les cadres théoriques restent flous. Cette étude propose un état de l’art problématisé autour de méthodes d'opérationnalisation de l'étude empirique d'EoA en situation de collaboration (HAM, carte d'EoA, DiCoT, modèle d'EoA alignées, MADRAE) basées sur des ancrages théoriques clairs (Théories de l'activité, Cognition Distribuée, Approches centrées pratiques). Nous examinons les avantages et limites de ces approches à travers plusieurs dimensions. Enfin, cette analyse propose des pistes de recherche pour mieux comprendre et améliorer les outils de collaboration numérique inter-organisationnelle à long-terme
A retrieval-augmented-generation pipeline to help users query system-provided documentation
No full textInternational audienceThe increasing integration of AI into computing workflows demands a re-evaluation of traditional operating system design. In environments like Debian, users are often faced with a vast ecosystem of command-line tools, each accompanied by extensive manual pages (man pages) detailing usage, flags, and parameters. While comprehensive, these documents are frequently dense, verbose, and not well-suited for rapid onboarding or targeted queries. We propose a Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline to bridge this gap, enabling natural language interaction with system documentation. By combining tokenization, embedding, and dense retrieval with a language generation model, our system allows users to query tool usage in plain language and receive concise, contextually relevant responses. This approach streamlines tool discovery and comprehension, and represents a step toward more intelligent, user-aware operating systems
ScenaSuite : plateforme numérique multisensorielle pour créer des activités interactives sans programmation
No full text36eme conférence International Francophone sur l'Interaction Humai-Machine, 3-7 novembre 2025, La cité-Toulouse (https://ihm2025.afihm.org/)International audienceScenaSuite is a digital platform that enables non-programmers to independently create interactive multisensory activities, referred to as "scenagrams." It was developed in response to needs identified in several research projects, particularly the limited accessibility of digital tools requiring programming or algorithmic skills. ScenaSuite features an intuitive, code-free interface and is built on a modular architecture comprising several components: ScenaConnect (for communication between connected objects), ScenaProd (the authoring software), and devices that can be integrated into scenagrams, including ScenaBox (a multisensory unit), ScenaMouv (a gesture sensor), and ScenaClick (a five-button arcade device). The platform is also compatible with third-party devices such as EZ-Robot’s JD robots and Ovaom tools. ScenaSuite supports the design of scenagrams for education, rehabilitation, or well-being by engaging multiple user senses. It aims to foster engagement, autonomy, and adaptability in therapeutic or educational contexts, while maintaining a human-centered approach.ScenaSuite est une plateforme numérique qui permet à des personnes non informaticiennes de créer de manière autonome des activités interactives multisensorielles, appelées scénagrammes. Elle a été conçue pour répondre aux besoins identifiés dans plusieurs projets de recherche, notamment la difficulté d’accès aux outils numériques nécessitant des compétences en algorithmique. ScenaSuite offre une interface intuitive sans programmation informatique et s’appuie sur une architecture modulaire intégrant plusieurs éléments : ScenaConnect (communication entre objets connectés, ScenaProd (logiciel de création) et des dispositifs pouvant être utilisés dans des scénagrammes : ScenaBox (boîtier multisensoriel), ScenaMouv (capteur gestuel) et, ScenaClick (5 boutons d’arcade). La plateforme est également compatible avec des objets tiers comme les robots JD d’EZ-Robotou les dispositifs Ovaom. Elle permet de concevoir des scénagrammes pour l’enseignement, la rééducation ou le bien-être, en sollicitant plusieurs sens de l’utilisateur. ScenaSuite vise à favoriser l’engagement, l’autonomie et l’adaptabilité en contexte thérapeutique ou éducatif, tout en restant centrée sur l’humain