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Féminisme et activisme juridique transmédiatique
No full textInternational audienceCette contribution s'intéresse au lien entre féminisme et justice enquestionnant l'articulation entre le droit et les revendications féministes médiatiséesdans l'espace public maghrébin. Elle aborde les nouvelles formes d'activisme desféministes en Tunisie et au Maroc. Nous constatons en particulier l'émergence d'unactivisme féministe juridique visant l'adoption de réformes législatives novatricesdans les deux pays. Cet activisme se déploie sur le terrain de la justice, utilise lesmodalités classiques des luttes féministes en plus du recours à une stratégietransmédiatique qui lui offre plus de visibilité et une plus grande audience. L'analysedes revendications récentes, celle des programmes d'action et des recommandations des collectifs féministes nous a permis de montrer les formes et enjeux de cetactivisme féministe juridique et transmédiatique. Ainsi, cet article permet decomprendre comment le féminisme se construit dans l'espace médiatique (numériqueet historique) en déployant divers dispositifs sociotechniques pour faire avancer lacause des femmes
Recent Developments on Optical Aptasensors for the Detection of Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines with Advanced Nanostructures
No full textInternational audienceAbstract In the realm of immune response, pro‐inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions. Accurate measurement of these low‐molecular‐weight proteins is essential for understanding immune function, predicting diseases, and monitoring treatment effects. Optical aptasensors with advanced nanostructures, which utilize aptamers as bio‐probes, have emerged as a promising technology for cytokine detection, offering advantages over traditional antibody‐based nanobiosensors. Aptamers, single‐stranded nucleic acids with high specificity and affinity, enable cost‐effective mass production and consistent quality. Optical biosensors incorporating aptamers exhibit stability, resistance to environmental factors, and prolonged functionality. This review explores the current methodologies and advancements in optical aptasensors for cytokine detection, highlighting their potential as robust tools in diagnostics and therapeutics. Specifically, the applications of surface plasmon resonance and fluorescence techniques in aptasensors are discussed, focusing on the innovative approaches used to enhance sensitivity and specificity in cytokine detection. Notable examples of aptasensor designs utilizing nanoparticles, Förster resonance energy transfer, and amplification strategies are presented. These designs demonstrate high affinity, specificity, and improved sensitivity in detecting pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interferon gamma. Overall, optical aptasensors show great promise in advancing the understanding of cytokine‐related disorders and enabling effective interventions
Self-Assembled Pd Nanocomposites into a Monolayer for Enhanced Sensing Performance
No full textInternational audienceTo date, the advanced synthetic approaches for palladium nanoparticle-based catalysts involve multistep, toxic, and high-cost fabrication routes with low catalytic and sensing performance. In this work, we introduce a new one-shot approach to produce highly sensitive Pd nanocomposites using a large-area polymer self-assembly strategy. This synthesis method allowed us to control the Pd nanoparticle shape and to tailor their plasmonic band positions in a wide light spectral range from ~350 to ~800 nm. We thus determined the critical synthesis conditions that give rise to a ringlike morphology in a reproducible manner. No need for a reducing agent and preliminary functionalization of the surface supporting the nanoparticles upon synthesis. To the best of our knowledge, few works have demonstrated the good performance of PdNPs in sensing. Here, we have demonstrated a robust SERS response for 4-mercaptopyridine with an enhancement factor of 4.2 × 105. We were able to exceed this high value, which matches the current maximum found in the literature, by decreasing the gap distances between Pd nanorings due to the high density of hotspots and the exacerbation of the coupling effect between PdNPs. These tailored products provide new insights for the use of Pd nanomaterials in photocatalysis applications, according to the well-established catalytic performance of Pd materials obtained in this work
Linking Intrinsic Difficulty and Regret to Properties of Multivariate Gaussians in Image Steganalysis
No full textInternational audienceThis paper deals with the Cover-Source Mismatch (CSM) problem faced in operational steganalysis. Based on a multivariate Gaussian model of the distribution of the noise contained in natural images, it provides proxies for the two important empirical measures of CSM: intrinsic difficulty and regret. The former can be modeled with the determinant of the covariance matrix of the noise present in an image. The latter can be predicted with a modified Kullback-Leibler divergence between the distribution of the noises of images coming from different cover-sources. We first recall the reasoning behind the multivariate Gaussian model of the noise, and detail how to compute the statistic of the distribution of the noise. Then, our proposed models are compared to empirical data with a specifically designed cover-source generation process. For both quantities, very high correlation coefficients between the model and the observations are obtained. Finally, realistic cover-sources are used to further illustrate the relevance of our model
Design of all-pass optical microring resonators based on silicon-on-insulator waveguides
No full textInternational audienceIn the realm of thin film fabrication, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) is a versatile technique that facilitates the growth of high-quality and precision films for various applications, such as micro-electronics focused on chips. ALD-deposited materials on an insulator platform can expand their potential to include optics and photonics. This study introduces the design and numerical simulation of integrated optics all-pass microring resonators (AOR) cavities. These designs are based on the measured optical characteristics of materials deposited via ALD, specifically aluminum, titanium, and zinc oxides, recognized as transparent materials on Si/SiO2 (insulator) platforms. This platform is based on a channel waveguide from a subwavelength cross-section dimension selected to propagate fundamental modes, considering a suitable cross-section scale, good modal confinement, and optimal deep evanescent wave distance. In addition, the following parameters were discussed to propose an optimal AOR configuration: distance gap, high transmission, extinction ratio, resonant wavelength, full-width half maximum, free spectral range, finesse, quality factor, propagation losses, and ring radius. In optical communication applications focused in the telecommunication window (1.55μm), for its excellent fundamental mode confinement, with an evanescent decay of 855μm, a quality factor reaching up to 104, the zinc oxide on an insulator (ZOI) was the best configuration. The outcomes suggest that employing atomic layer deposition to synthesis of core materials on an insulator presents a viable alternative platform for optics and photonics devices
Redesign of a Dew and Rain Harvesting System based on Sustainable Considerations
No full textInternational audienceTo ensure the transition towards a more sustainable society, new research and development strategies have to be developed to take into account socioeconomic and environmental considerations. In order to help designers to become more responsible, especially in developed counties, the example of companies in BoP countries that are subjected to heavy socioeconomic and environmental constraints can be a source of inspiration. This paper, therefore, investigates an engineering process aiming at a better redesign of products from a sustainable viewpoint. The novelty relies in an immersive approach so that the designer changes his posture, in particular, by playing the role of user. This provides a better understanding of sustainability, in particular through a qualitative approach to the frugality of the technological system under study. To support the proposition a case study details each step of the immersive reverse engineering process in relation to a dew and rain harvesting system
Advanced study of photoluminescent carbon quantum dots photophysical behaviour
No full textInternational audienceIn 2004, Xu et al. [1] made a breakthrough discovery regarding nanoparticles comprised of carbon that exhibit blue photoluminescence. These nanoparticles, known as carbon dots, are characterized by a 0D hybrid structure featuring clusters of sp2 carbon akin to graphene, enclosed within a shell of amorphous sp3 carbon exhibiting organic functional groups on its surface [2].Carbon dots constitute a new and promising category of nanomaterials capable of bright fluorescence, biocompatibility and photostability [3]. However, the mechanisms governing their photoluminescent properties are still misunderstood [4]. Because of the challenges present in purification [5] and multi-components fluorescent behavior, the use of advanced spectroscopy techniques is required to pave the way toward new efficient synthesis and applications.We synthesize diverse carbon dot structures through bottom-up high-pressure methods using organic molecules as precursors. Optimal synthesis conditions such as pressure, temperature, and precursor selection, are determined from subsequent characterizations. Purification is either performed through thorough dialysis or silica column chromatography to separate nanoparticles from fluorescent precursors or molecular by-products and their structure is then determined through FTIR, Raman, XPS, and TEM imaging
Optimizing Operating Theater Scheduling : A Comparative Study of Scheduling Models
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, we introduce an optimization framework for the Operating Theater (OT) of a French Hospital utilizing a Modified Block Scheduling strategy. The framework offers an enhanced model for surgery scheduling, accommodating various resource constraints such as room availability, material supplies, and surgeon well-being. The primary focus is on minimizing makespan while ensuring non-overlapping operations within rooms and for individual surgeons. Additionally, the model addresses the need to minimize idle time for surgeons, thus contributing to improved efficiency and resource management within the OT.To solve the allocation scheduling problem, we present three modeling frameworks: Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Constraint Programming (CP) and CP with intervals. Our evaluation compares these frameworks based on their effectiveness across different instance sizes.Results indicate that the MILP model efficiently determines optimal solutions for small-scale instances, while the CP model demonstrates effectiveness for small to medium-sized instances. The CP with intervals approach efficiently identifies acceptable solutions for medium-sized instances.This framework aims to significantly enhance the efficiency of OT scheduling operations, thereby improving patient care and resource utilization within the hospital setting
