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Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Supported by a Magnetic Dipole Mode
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« Quand Abel tue Caïn » : ce qui échappe à la traduction automatique
No full textInternational audienceThe article aims at identifying what, from a structural point of view, AI based automatic translators cannot fully capture. It focuses on the machine’s mistakes, in order to try to explain its causes. The biblical story of Caïn and Abel has been chosen because of its rich interpretive and critical tradition, but also because of its semantic difficulty. The investigation begins with the observation, for the translation of this text, of the language pairs and interfaces offered by the best known machine translation services (Google Translate, DeepL). A typology of the most frequent translation errors is then established. Finally, contemporary translations are compared, in order to underline the unique contribution of each. In conclusion, the article suggests a revision of translation theory and, corArtificial Intelligence, Translation, Limitations, Interpretation, Comparison, Unicityelatively, a reformulation of its technology concerning cultural texts.L’article tente d’identifier ce qui échappe, de façon structurelle, à la traduction automatique par une intelligence artificielle. Les auteurs s’intéressent aux erreurs de la machine, pour essayer d’en expliquer les causes. Le cas du récit biblique de Caïn et Abel est choisi en raison de sa riche tradition interprétative et critique, mais aussi de sa difficulté sémantique. L’étude commence par l’observation, pour la traduction de ce texte, des couples de langues proposés et des interfaces des services les plus connus de traduction automatique (Google Translate, DeepL). On établit ensuite une typologie des erreurs les plus fréquentes. Enfin, une comparaison des traductions contemporaines permet de souligner l’apport singulier de chacune. En conclusion, les auteurs suggèrent de réviser la théorie de la traduction et, corrélativement, d’en repenser la technologie pour les textes culturels
Material flow and domestic demand analysis for nickel in South Korea
No full textInternational audienceNickel is used as a raw material in the production of stainless steel and secondary batteries in South Korea due to its low corrosivity and high energy density. An unstable nickel supply can negatively affect Korea's industrial competitiveness. Therefore, to identify changes in the local nickel industry and compare and analyze nickel resource circulation and recycling rates, we conducted a material flow analysis of nickel in Korea for 2018 and 2021. An integrated material flow analysis methodology was used to construct the material flow using bottom-up and top-down methods. The results showed that the domestic demand for products connected to lithium-ion batteries increased compared to the demand in 2018, as did the demand for renewable energy and renewable energy-related items, such as electric vehicles, e-bikes, and lithium-ion batteries. However, the flow of stainless steel-related products has declined since 2018 because of the declining supply and demand for automotive semiconductors owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the paradigm shift from internal combustion to electric vehicles. As of 2021, the resource circulation rate and recycling rate of domestic nickel resources were 22.1% and 94.73%, respectively, an increase of 5.64% and a decrease of 19.3%, respectively, compared to 2018. The main reason for the increase in the recycling rate was that the recycled amount of end-of-life nickel products in 2021 increased compared to 2018. The main reason for the increase in the resource circulation rate was that the domestic input of lithium-ion batteries increased rapidly by 2021, but they are still in use because of the life span of lithium-ion batteries. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for industries and policymakers to develop strategies for securing nickel
The Overlook of Maintenance Practices in the Digitalization of Railway Maintenance Records
No full textInternational audienceWe present an ethnographic study of railway maintenance work, with a focus on digitalized maintenance records. This on-going research is taking place in a small private railway maintenance company in the south of France for two years. We describe the integration of maintenance records in a wide material environment, and the evolution from filling in these records on paper to smartphones. This research brings some nuance on the beneficial effects of the 'digital transformation' in this industry, and shows how the workers compensate for the overlook of their practices in the design of the digital records
1D, 2D, and 3D Micropatterning of ZnO Nanoparticles and Nanorod by Two‐Photon Polymerization and Surface Functionalization
No full textInternational audienceAbstract In this paper, a novel method is proposed for selective deposition of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and growth of ZnO Nanorods (NRs) on multi‐dimensional patterned polymer surfaces. The method involves microfabrication of functionalized 1D, 2D, and 3D polymer structures by two‐photon polymerization (TPP) followed by selective assembly of ZnO NPs acting as seeds before growing ZnO NRs by chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique at low temperature. The immobilization of the ZnO NPs seed layer is done by electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polymer surface functionalized by amine groups and the negatively charged ZnO NPs functionalized by citrate molecules. The influence of citrate molecules on the stability of the ZnO NPs dispersions and their immobilization on the polymer surface is demonstrated. Spatially controlled and selective growth of ZnO NRs is shown at low temperatures on multi‐dimensional structures up to 9 mm 2 and having different shapes, including 1D polymer lines, 2D microplates, and 3D arrays of cones. The diameter of NRs and their orientation can be controlled through the size of ZnO NPs and the shape of the polymer structure respectively
A knowledge dilemma. The right to be forgotten for former cancer patients
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Pyrolysis temperature effect on the efficacy of biochar/CuNi composite catalysts for emerging pollutant degradation
No full textInternational audienceSugarcane pulp bagasse biochar (SCPBB) was produced through pyrolysis from 500 to 900 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, and their SCPBB/CuNi composites was produced through wetness impregnation with copper and nickel salts followed by pyrolysis. The impact of pyrolysis temperature on SCPBB and SCPBB/CuNi for physicchemical properties was evaluated. SEM images that spherical bimetallic CuNi nanoparticles were evenly dispersed on the surface of the biochar matrix, and the size of the nanoparticles increased with increasing temperature. In particular, when the pyrolysis temperature is higher than 700 °C, the nanoparticles on the surface exhibit novel structures that are partially embedded or completely enclosed within the porous biochar matrix.FT-IR ATR and Raman spectra proved that SCPBB materials contain abundant surface functional groups and carbonaceous structures, which were preserved by the introduction of metal nanoparticles.TGA demonstrated SCPBB-500 biochar started to lose mass quickly first, followed by SCPBB-700 and finally SCPBB-900, and the weight residues of SCPBB@CuNi increased by 30%-34% compared with SCPBB. In addition, the catalytic performance of the synthesized material was explored for the degradation of malachite green (MG) representing dye molecules, Amoxicillin(AMX) representing pharmaceuticals, and Methyl-parabens(MP) representing personal care products contaminants. Each SCPBB/CuNi sample showed catalytic degradation performance under Advanted oxidation processes(AOPs), among which the SCPBB/CuNi catalyst obtained by pyrolysis temperature 500 °C performed best. Hence, SCPBB/CuNi demonstrates promising potential as a multifunctional catalyst for diverse environmental pollutants in wastewater treatments.</div
Submicronic-Scale Mechanochemical Characterization of Oxygen-Enriched Materials
No full textInternational audienceConventional techniques that measure the concentration of light elements in metallic materials lack high-resolution performance due to their intrinsic limitation of sensitivity. In that context, scanning microwave microscopy has the potential to significantly enhance the quantification of element distribution due to its ability to perform a tomographic investigation of the sample. Scanning microwave microscopy associates the local electromagnetic measurement and the nanoscale resolution of an atomic force microscope. This technique allows the simultaneous characterization of oxygen concentration as well as local mechanical properties by microwave phase shift and amplitude signal, respectively. The technique was calibrated by comparison with nuclear reaction analysis and nanoindentation measurement. We demonstrated the reliability of the scanning microwave technique by studying thin oxygen-enriched layers on a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. This innovative approach opens novel possibilities for the indirect quantification of light chemical element diffusion in metallic materials. This technique is applicable to the control and optimization of industrial processes
Solid-state Li metal battery with hybrid electrolyte:Focus on hybrid Li3N interlayer development
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Hybrid Manufacturing / Remanufacturing Inventory Model with Two Markets and Price Sensitive Demands with Competition
No full textInternational audienceA hybrid system that produces new and remanufactured products on a common line for two distinct markets is studied in this article. We consider price sensitive demands with competition between the two types of products. The problem is to maximize a profit as a function of economic production quantities and demands or prices decisions. The resulting model is a mixed nonlinear model with linear and nonlinear constraints. A mathematical analysis is proposed to develop an efficient resolution approaches. Numerical study shows that sequential decisions, determining demands first and reorder intervals after, provides solutions closed to optimum. Sensitivity analysis highlights the importance of demand parameters compared to those related to inventory and the importance of considering all costs, not just setup and holding costs, when evaluating order or production quantities