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Sensitivity analysis of an imperfect maintenance policy for Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell based on geometric a semi-Markov model
No full textInternational audienceThis paper proposes a maintenance model for a Proton-Exchanged Membrane Fuel Cells system. Two types of failures are considered: non repairable internal failures and possibly repairable external failures. The maintenance involves replacing one or more cells. Therefore the maintenance can be perfect or imperfect. Moreover after each repair, the maintenance operator improves and the down time due to maintenance is reduced. A semi-Markov process is proposed to model the system's lifetime. In this framework, the reliability measures and the remaining useful lifetime are derived. The long run average maintenance cost is studied. A sensitivity analysis of model parameters and maintenance unit costs is performed and a maintenance optimization strategy is proposed.</div
Former pour innover : évolution de l’offre de formation en photonique en France
No full textInternational audienceFace à une industrie en pleine expansion et en constante mutation pour intégrer les évolutions technologiques rapides du domaine de la photonique, l'offre de formation en optique et photonique évolue également. Cette offre est particulièrement bien structurée en France et permet de former des opérateurs, des techniciens, des techniciens supérieurs, des ingénieurs et des docteurs en optique et photonique afin de répondre aux besoins croissants en compétences spécialisées. Cet article vise à dresser un panorama des évolutions récentes ou en cours dans la formation des futurs spécialistes de la photonique
AN ORIGINAL METHOD FOR DETECTION OF AI-GENERATED IMAGES BASED ON NOISE COVARIANCE
No full textDetection of AI-based generated or altered images has become a major issue to restore trust in digital media content. To address this important societal problem, most state-of-the-art approaches have been based on artificial intelligence regardless of the different nature of media. On the opposite, the present paper investigates the impact of the imaging pipeline on the covariance of pixels. An original three-step detection method is proposed to discriminate photographs from AI-generated images. A large-scale experiment using a wide range of photographs and numerous text-to-image AI-generative models shows the broad application of the proposed approach and its efficiency as it achieves better results than the current state-of-the-art
Matching Physical and Electrical Measurements (OBIC) to Simulation (FEM) on High Voltage Bipolar Diodes
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents for the first time a comparison between experimental measurements of Optical Beam Induced Current (OBIC) and finite element simulations on high-voltage bipolar diodes. Two peripheral protection structures were chosen: a simple MESA protection and a MESA + JTE combination. Comparable experimental and simulated results were obtained in both cases
"Consommation ou Bien-Être - le Défi d’une Soutenabilité Forte" Débat collectif - Séminaire D-TechnoSS
No full textCette planche synthétise sous forme d’illustrations graphiques les réflexions menées lors du débat collectif “Consommation ou Bien-Être - le Défi d’une Soutenabilité Forte” dans le cadre du séminaire D-TechnoSS - 8 juillet 2025.Depuis les années 1970, le rapport Meadows a mis en évidence la crise socio-écologique actuelle. La dernière décennie a vu une prise de conscience collective et la nécessité de lutter contre le changement climatique, ce qui entraîne une mobilisation pour développer des connaissances, des réglementations et des technologies visant à intensifier la décarbonation de la société. En réalité, le changement climatique n’est qu’une des six limites planétaires déjà dépassées aujourd’hui (Richardson et al., 2023 ; Rockström et al., 2009 ; Steffen et al., 2015). La plupart des actions mises en place pour répondre aux défis socio-écologiques restent axées sur des approches techno-centrées et/ou ne remettent pas en question le modèle économique actuel. Ces actions, fondées sur l’économie circulaire, les technologies vertes, l’éco-conception, les modèles économiques traditionnels et les stratégies de décarbonation, demeurent insuffisantes pour relever les défis socio-écologiques mis en évidence par l’économie du donut (Brozovic, 2020 ; de Oliveira Neto et al., 2018 ; Raworth, 2017 ; Vilochani et al., 2024). Il est devenu important de développer de nouvelles démarches de co-construction des solutions soutenables entre les concepteurs et les consommateurs et des modes de consommation plus durables pourraient sans doute favoriser une transition vers une soutenabilité forte. Ce séminaire a pour objectif d’approfondir le concept de soutenabilité forte ainsi que sa relation avec les comportements du consommateur et les produits et services intégrant les enjeux socio-écologiques en conception. Il s'inscrit dans le cadre du projet D-TechnoSS financé par l’ANR et mené par l’Université de Technologie de Troyes, l’École des Mines de Saint-Étienne et l’Université Paris Nanterre. Il vise à développer une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes de changements des comportements afin d'adopter des démarches de co-construction de soutenabilité forte
THE MULTIPLICITY OF PATHS TO SUSTAINABILITY, GRAND CHALLENGES AND ROUTINE CHANGES: THE LONG ROAD FOR BORDEAUX WINEMAKERS
No full textInternational audienceWe explore potential changes to the organizational routines of Bordeaux winemakers faced with the need to reduce their use of pesticides – one of the grand challenges for agriculture. A routine dynamics lens suggests that the goal of sustainability can be achieved through various paths. The uncertainties related to reducing use of chemical pesticides to encourage ecological biodiversity have resulted in efforts by viticulturalists, winemakers and policy makers to find local solutions. Our results reveal a three-layered process of patterning and creating new routines. Our empirical findings contribute to theoretical work on routine dynamics and grand challenges. We show that there are several potential solutions to environmental problems based on new patterns and demonstrate that reflection is a major structural enabler of changes. Our research explores the ontological multiplicity of routines in the journey to achieving sustainability and the role of policy making in this process
Predicting biogas production from organic waste through anaerobic co-digestion
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Drone Security in Connected Agriculture: Threats, Datasets, and AI-Driven Solutions
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Integrating lot-sizing and pricing decisions in multi-channel markets with discrete menus of prices
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a model for coordinating lot-sizing and pricing decisions for manufacturers operating in multichannel markets with limited production capacity. Integrating these decisions is a significant challenge for manufacturers because it allows them to align their marketing and operational strategies effectively. This study addresses the application of attraction models to characterize consumers’ preferences and switching behavior between sales channels. Initially, the problem is formulated as a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model that incorporates production capacity constraints and a discrete menu of prices for each channel. To overcome the challenges of nonlinearity and nonconvexity, the problem is reformulated as an exact mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Then, two MILP-based heuristics, the Fix-and-Relax and Double-Fix-and-Relax methods, are designed to solve the problem efficiently. An illustrative example demonstrates the model’s practical application and offers valuable insights for decision-makers in real-life scenarios. Furthermore, a comprehensive experimental study on 120 benchmark instances shows that the proposed solution methods achieve near-optimal solutions in less than one minute of computational time