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Unveiling apprehensions: The changing perspectives of young unmarried women on marriage in Kerala
No full textInternational audienceAbstractThis study examines the perspectives and apprehensions of young unmarried women in Kerala regarding the institution of marriage. Through a survey of 150 participants aged 18 to 26, the research explores how factors such as societal expectations, career aspirations, personal identity, and family dynamics influence women's attitudes toward marriage. The findings reveal significant concerns among participants related to post-marital adjustment, loss of autonomy, fear of sacrificing personal goals, trust issues, and interference from in-laws. Many women also expressed scepticism about marital happiness and supported the idea of living independently without marriage. Despite these apprehensions, a majority still held hope for lasting marital relationships. The study highlights the need to reconsider traditional marital norms and support women's autonomy in making life choices, emphasizing the broader cultural shift toward gender equality and personal freedom
Lockdown‐Induced Shadow Pandemic: A Phenomenological Interpretation of Domestic Violence in Kerala
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT The COVID‐19 restrictions led to a shadow pandemic, disproportionately affecting women through increased violence. Lifestyle changes imposed by local governments to combat the pandemic exacerbated domestic violence, coining the term “Shadow Pandemic” by UN Women. This study explores the experiences of violence faced by married women in Kerala during the COVID‐19 lockdown. A phenomenological approach was used to examine narratives from 35 women victims of domestic violence. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify significant themes. The findings reveal a spectrum of abuse, categorized into key themes: marital disharmony, constant surveillance, entrapment in fear, denial of freedom, challenges due to lockdown, and coping mechanisms. These themes highlight the profound distress and how women responded to the adversity. The lockdown‐induced shadow pandemic has deeply affected women, illustrating the intersection of a global health crisis and a surge in gender‐based violence. This study emphasizes the urgent need for comprehensive societal action. Prioritizing the well‐being and empowerment of women is critical to ensuring their inclusion in the recovery process post‐pandemic
Blockchain‐Based Trust Federated Learning Framework for Iov Security
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Recent advancements in intelligent automobiles and artificial intelligence (AI) have sparked significant interest in Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology. While conventional machine learning methods have been widely used to enhance IoV security, they are not well‐equipped to handle the complexities of IoV communications or prevent malicious vehicles from influencing the ML model formation process. These limitations highlight the urgent need for more effective IoV security solutions to ensure the integrity and reliability of vehicular communication networks. To address these challenges, we propose a novel blockchain‐based trust‐federated learning (FL) framework for IoV attack detection. This framework incorporates a trust‐based FL model to enhance the security of IoV communications. We introduce a unique trust value system for vehicles, which improves the reliability of the FL model by selectively using data from trusted vehicles. Additionally, we employ a two‐level blockchain approach: the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for off‐chain local model storage and a dedicated blockchain managed by RSUs for global model aggregation and storage. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our solution in strengthening IoV communication security
Centroid cross-efficiency approach for clustering
No full textInternational audienceRecognizing the critical importance of explainable clustering results for decision-making and the influence of sample importance on the clustering result, this study proposes a clustering method based on the centroid data envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency approach. Specifically, this study first introduces the centroid DEA cross-efficiency approach. The approach is constructed based on the unique set of centroid weights of the convex polytope formed by all optimal weight vectors for each DMU. Then, a gravity model is constructed based on the centroid DEA cross-efficiency approach. The gravity model simultaneously accounts for the sample importance and the distance between samples. Based on the gravity between samples, this study develops the gravity clustering method. This clustering method enhances interpretability and provides decision support by identifying the importance degree of the features for samples across different clusters through centroid weights. To validate the effectiveness, an empirical example is conducted, and the result shows that the proposed clustering method outperforms existing DEA-based clustering approaches. Furthermore, a clustering study is conducted on the healthcare levels of various provinces in China, and policy recommendations are provided for the medical development of provinces within different clusters
Nanoscale Force Measurement with Optical Tweezers: Applications and Future Prospects in Biophotonics
No full textInternational audienceOptical tweezers have found extensive applications across the realms of biophysics and nanoscience due to its ability to capture particles at both micro-and nano-scales. Serving as nanoscale force sensors, optical tweezers are capable of measuring physical properties of nanoparticles with piconewton-level precision, offering significantly higher accuracy compared to other measurement techniques, particularly for the biological samples. Given the rapid advancements in optical tweezers, a comprehensive review of their role in force measurement is imperative. This review begins with the fundamental interactions in biophysics, exploring how optical tweezers measure a variety of forces, such as the Casimir force, van der Waals force, and double-layer forces. Subsequently, we focus on the recent development in the application of optical tweezers across biomedical fields, including studies of cells, nucleic acids, proteins, and quantum mechanics. Finally, we offer a detailed assessment of the potential and limitations of force measurement utilizing advanced optical tweezer technologies, emphasizing their impact and future applicability in the fields of biophysics and biophotonics
Novel nanocomposite thin films by pulsed laser processes for plasmonic based sensing of cancer markers
No full textInternational audienceThis communication presents the development by pulsed laser deposition processes, of a novel nanocomposite thin film architecture as a highly sensitive plasmonic platform for rapid and early-stage disease diagnosis. The bio-detection principle is based on surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) existing at the interface between a metallic thin film and a dielectric, aiming to achieve high sensitivities and detect small analytes in very low concentrations (lower than fM concentration).Nanocomposite thin films are deposited on a glass substrate and are constituted of an ultra-thin (12 nm) Al2O3 matrix with embedded silver nanoparticles (diameter 2.3 nm), covered by a 48 nm gold layer. This architecture, combining localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in nanoparticles with propagating SPR that exists in the gold film in a single material, can result in enhanced sensitivities.These plasmonic nanocomposites were made in a single reactor coupling two laser processes and developed by our group [1]. The well-known Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method enables the deposition of thin films (Al2O3 matrix and gold upper layer) with high quality and offers the possibility to manage accurately their thicknesses. The associated free cluster generator developed for nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis with a diameter in the range 1-10 nm with quasi-monodisperse size distribution is used for silver NPs fabrication.A specific detection method based on lateral position shift of the reflected wave, known as Goos-Hänchen (GH) shift applied to this highly performing material results in high detection levels, with an ultra-high sensitivity up to 3.3×108 nm.RIU-1. The detection of cancer markers in sub-attomole concentrations was achieved, demonstrating the excellent potentials of the architecture for sensing with the highest detection level ever reached [2]. It is important to emphasize that these fully biocompatible sensors do not require functionalization before detection tests, making them easier to use compared to other platforms.This work was partially supported by the LabEx SigmaLim ANR-10-LBX-0074-01, laboratory of excellence launched by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research between the XLIM and IRCER Research Institutes.[1] M. Gaudin et al., « A dual nanosecond-pulsed laser setup for nanocomposite synthesis—Ag nanoparticles in Al2O3/VO2 matrix », J. Appl. Phys., vol. 125, no 5, p. 054301, févr. 2019, doi: 10.1063/1.5058107.[2] S. Zhu et al., « Label-free biosensing with singular-phase-enhanced lateral position shift based on atomically thin plasmonic nanomaterials », Light Sci. Appl., vol. 13, no 1, p. 2, janv. 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41377-023-01345-6
Nanocomposite materials for biosensors made by a dual pulsed laser source
No full textInternational audienceNanomaterials with complex architectures were engineered using a dual pulsed laser source. Silver nanoparticles embedded in aluminum oxide thin films exhibit concentration-dependent maximum absorption, shifting from 432 nm at 2% vol. to 465 nm at 8% vol. Their integration with gold unlocks promising applications for sensing
Hyperglosae : L'hypertexte nelsonien à la rencontre des pratiques des traducteurs et des ethnographes
No full textInternational audienceCet article présente le retour d'expérience croisé de deux projets scientifiques et techniques au long cours : l'un portant sur l'instrumentation des pratiques des traducteurs, l'autre sur celle des ethnographes. Malgré la différence de leurs objectifs initiaux et des disciplines visées, ces deux projets ont peu à peu convergé, comme si se dessinait, modèle après modèle, usage après usage, l'esquisse d'une théorie de l'instrumentation du travail intellectuel ou, tout au moins, celle des supports et des gestes nécessaires à un travail d'interprétation.Cette convergence théorique se matérialise aujourd'hui dans une convergence en cours entre les deux plateformes autour d'une infrastructure hypertextuelle commune, construite pour reproduire les propriétés fondamentales de Xanadu et se réapproprier les formes visuelles issues de la tradition millénaire de l'interprétation des textes
Numerical modeling of multilayer composite pipe with glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene layer
No full textInternational audienceThis study focuses on the numerical modeling of multilayer composite pipes, specifically those incorporating a glass fiber‐reinforced polypropylene layer. The research investigates the mechanical properties of a high modulus polypropylene grade, BA212E, and a composite material, PP‐GF30, which contains 30 wt.% glass fibers. Various hyperelastic material models are evaluated to accurately represent the mechanical behavior of these materials under different loading conditions. It was found that the Yeoh hyperelastic material model combined with nonlinear isotropic hardening plasticity provides the most suitable representation of the behaviors of these materials. This model was validated through numerical simulations of three‐point bending and pipe compression tests, demonstrating good agreement with experimental data. Highlights Glass fiber‐reinforced multilayer composite pipes for improved stiffness. Comparative evaluation of multiple hyperelastic material models. Yeoh model captures the nonlinear behavior of BA212E and PP‐GF30 accurately. Yeoh model with plasticity offers optimal representation of material behavior. Validated via numerical simulations and experimental data correlation
Joint Maintenance and Renewal Costing for Urban Rail Networks: A Comparative Analysis
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents a mixed integer linear programming model for optimizing maintenance and renewal costs for urban rail networks over mid- and long-term horizons. By focusing on planning maintenance and renewal activities, the proposed model optimizes expensive renewal and maintenance costs over the lifetime of the rail curve while considering industrial constraints related to the degradation of rail tracks and rail possessions. The proposed optimization model is compared to a baseline rule-based strategy, demonstrating significant cost reductions, with savings of up to 6.93% in some cases and a decrease in the number of performed maintenance activities. The optimization approach adjusts renewal dates to balance curve lifespan extension and cost minimization, leading to earlier renewal dates. This reduction in activities also contributes to sustainability by reducing environmental impacts. The long-term implications of the model are discussed. In many cases, considerable cumulative cost savings and indirect environmental benefits are achieved by the proposed approach