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Immunomodulatory properties of Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) leaves and its applications in value-added products
No full textIn Ayurvedic texts, Giloy (Tinospora cordifolia) have been known as the most potent and important medicinal product. Giloy leaves have been used for centuries to cure various ailments and diseases in the human body. This review highlights that giloy leaves have immunomodulatory properties and can be used to develop functional food products. The current review focuses on the phytochemical composition of giloy leaves, and the mechanism for their immunomodulatory action highlighting specific pathways including NF-kB pathway and interleukin modulation. Giloy leaves possess antioxidant activity and induce apoptosis of cells in the immune response. Studies have shown the potential of incorporating giloy leaves into a wide range of value-added products, such as beverages, biscuits, and herbal formulations, to bridge traditional knowledge with modern functional food production. A comparison of traditional and modern giloy-based products demonstrates their benefits and drawbacks, showing that traditional techniques can be combined with modern scientific developments to improve medicinal efficacy. Although giloy leaves-based products show promising potential, further research is necessary to ascertain their effectiveness
“Ferman De Los Alamanos”: New Findings on The Jewish Family Handed over The Keys of Buda and Their 368-Year Privilege “Ferman De Los Alamanos”: Budin Kalesi’nin Anahtarlarını Getiren Yahudi Aile ve Bunlara Tanınan 368 Yıllık İmtiyaza Dair Yeni Tespitler
No full textIn the Ottoman Empire, individuals and groups who served in the conquest of a castle or delivered the keys of the castle were granted certain privileges along with tax exemption. One of the best examples of this practice was the exemption certificate/charter given to the family of a Jew named Yasef veled-i Salamon, who handed over the keys of the Buda Castle in 1526, and his descendant, Israel veled-i Yasef, nicknamed "Alaman." It is estimated that Suleiman the Magnificent gave the exemption certificate for the first time during the conquest of Budapest in 1526. The exemption granted to the family continued until 1894. Because state officials demanded various taxes from family members in violation of the exemption certificate, many correspondence and archive documents were created. We found many pieces on the subject in the Ottoman Archives about the case, which remarkably exemplifies the continuity in the Ottoman bureaucracy. In this study, the identities of the family members, where they lived in the Ottoman domain, and their population were assessed in line with the chronicles of the time and archive documents
AI-Based Cybersecurity System for 5G Enabled Mini Computers Running Pardus OS
No full textThis paper presents an AI-driven cybersecurity system tailored for 5G-enabled mini computers running the Pardus operating system. The system integrates real-time network monitoring using Suricata with dynamic threat intelligence from the Open Threat Exchange (OTX), allowing for the automated blocking of globally recognized threats. Detection is performed through a two-stage Random Forest model trained on the 5G-NIDD dataset, where 24 features were mapped from Suricata's traffic output. The binary classification model achieved 99.78% accuracy in distinguishing benign from malicious traffic, while the multiclass model identified specific attack types-such as HTTPFlood, SYNScan, and UDPFlood-with 97.48% accuracy. Designed with the computational constraints of edge environments in mind, the system incorporates lightweight, high-precision AI models and rule-based response mechanisms capable of executing threat-specific countermeasures in real time. Evaluation on a 5G-enabled mini computer demonstrates that the proposed approach delivers reliable detection performance with low latency and minimal resource usage, making it a practical solution for industrial IoT, smart infrastructure, and mobile edge deployments where autonomous and adaptive cyber defense is critical
Otomotiv yan sanayi firmasında makine öğrenmesi ve derin öğrenme yöntemiyle müşteri taleplerinin tahmin edilmesi
No full textReligious syncretism: A hybrid Islamic approach
No full textAbstractThis metaphorical research, titled “Religious syncretism: A hybrid Islamic approach,” examines hybrid Islamic tendencies that have emerged as a practical means of social change. In this context, the research proposes the metaphor of “hybrid Islam” in contemporary discussions on Islam. The conceptualisation of “hybrid Islam” is examined and interpreted in relation to the diversifying and differentiating motifs of belief and religiosity in the Islamic world. The primary purpose of this research is to examine and analyse the tendencies in the spiritual life of Muslims, combining different Islamic motifs in a hybrid image. In addition, this research attempts to understand and make sense of hybrid Islamic trends from a sociological perspective. At this point, it utilises understanding and interpretative approaches. As a result of this research, it is possible to discuss a hybrid Islamic approach that is evident in the Islamic world according to context, place, and time, which is embodied in different examples. A strategy has developed an orientation that combines secular motifs, on the one hand, and different Islamic motifs, on the other hand. This trend shows an approach that evolves from institutional, official, and scriptural religion to artificiality. This corresponds to a syncretic understanding of religion on the axis of Islamic hybridisation.</p
Development of a Novel Bionanocomposite Adsorbent for Adsorptive Separation of Dyestuff from Water
No full textSince malachite green, a dye commonly used in the textile industry, fish farming (as a disinfectant), and trout facility wastewater, is poisonous to all living things, its removal is crucial for the environment and the health of all living organisms. In this study, an environmentally friendly composite bioadsorbent material was synthesized using seaweed-based biopolymer alginate and nanobioglass synthesized from natural materials. The characterization of the developed adsorbent material was performed. Malachite green, a disinfectant and dye causing serious environmental pollution, was adsorbed with the adsorbent developed. The effects of various parameters, including adsorbent amount, dye concentration, time, temperature, and pH, on the adsorption removal rate were investigated. To understand the adsorption behavior, adsorption isotherms, kinetic models, and thermodynamic parameters were examined. It was found that the data obtained through experiments were convenient with the Langmuir isotherm model, the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. As a consequence of the thermodynamic studies conducted with the help of the Van't Hoff equation, a negative enthalpy difference value showed that the adsorption is exothermic. Negative entropy difference values indicated that physical adsorption occurs through electrostatic interactions. Additionally, the increase in the free energy difference with temperature showed that the probability of adsorption occurring at high temperatures is low. The statistical model analysis showed that the most effective variable on the removal was the time, with the highest F-value
Education and Science 2025-1
No full text@font-face{font-family:"Cambria Math";panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:variable;mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face{font-family:"Calibri ";panose-1:2 11 6 4 2 2 2 2 2 4;mso-font-alt:Calibri;mso-font-charset:0;mso-generic-font-family:roman;mso-font-pitch:auto;mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal{mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-parent:"";margin:0cm;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph{mso-style-priority:34;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst{mso-style-priority:34;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-type:export-only;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle{mso-style-priority:34;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-type:export-only;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}p.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, li.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast, div.MsoListParagraphCxSpLast{mso-style-priority:34;mso-style-unhide:no;mso-style-qformat:yes;mso-style-type:export-only;margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:36.0pt;mso-add-space:auto;mso-pagination:widow-orphan;font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";}.MsoChpDefault{mso-style-type:export-only;mso-default-props:yes;font-size:11.0pt;mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Aptos",sans-serif;mso-ascii-font-family:Aptos;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Aptos;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-hansi-font-family:Aptos;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"Calibri ";mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}div.WordSection1{page:WordSection1;}ol{margin-bottom:0cm;}ul{margin-bottom:0cm;}In the age of artificial intelligence (AI),automation, and algorithm-driven decision-making, human roles, skills, andeducational priorities are undergoing an unprecedented transformation. Asmachines become increasingly capable of performing routine, analytical, andeven creative tasks, the fundamental question arises: What remains uniquelyhuman in the learning process? How should education systems evolve to cultivatehuman abilities that transcend computational efficiency? The need for acurriculum beyond algorithms stems from the urgency to redesign education in away that fosters human flourishing, ensuring that individuals are equipped notmerely to coexist with intelligent machines but to lead, innovate, and shape ameaningful future.Education has traditionally prepared individualsfor industrial economies. However, rapid technological advancements are makingthis model obsolete. Post-positivist theorists like Biesta and Burbules (2003)and Lincoln and Guba (1985) challenge the notion of absolute objectivity inlearning, advocating for critical thinking, contextual inquiry, andinterdisciplinary approaches. This shift highlights the need for a curriculumthat prioritizes adaptability, creativity, and ethical reasoning—humancapacities that AI cannot fully replicate.As machines automate knowledge retrieval and dataprocessing, human creativity, intuitive decision-making, ethical reasoning, andsocial-emotional intelligence become central to meaningful work andcitizenship. Education must adopt reconstructivist approaches, grounded inHumanist Philosophy and Post-Positivist epistemology, to prioritize humanpotential, adaptability, and ethical reasoning in response to technologicaladvancements (Dewey, 1938; Rogers, 1983). Post-positivist educational theoryacknowledges the limitations of absolute knowledge transmission, advocating forlearning models that embrace subjectivity, multiple perspectives, and theevolving nature of understanding (Creswell & Poth, 2018). This chapter explores the imperative foreducational transformation in the post-technology era and conducts atheoretical synthesis of educational models. It examines how emergingtechnological disruptions, global challenges, and shifting societal structuresnecessitate a curriculum that prioritizes human agency, ethicaldecision-making, and the ability to engage in complex problem-solving acrossdisciplines. Additionally, the chapter investigates various models forstructuring school learning, emphasizing interdisciplinary, transdisciplinary,and skill-based approaches that align with the evolving demands of the postmodernworld. Rather than proposing an entirely new curriculum or merely critiquingexisting models, it synthesizes post-positivist epistemology and humanistphilosophy into a practical, inquiry-based learning (IBL) framework tailoredfor the post-technology era. By integrating critical realism, methodologicalpluralism, and a focus on human potential, this framework shifts education fromstatic knowledge transfer to the cultivation of uniquely human capacities suchas creativity, ethical reasoning, and adaptability that complement andtranscend AI’s capabilities. Through a blend of theoretical analysis andactionable strategies, including interdisciplinary curriculum design andreal-world educational examples, the chapter offers valuable guidance for educatorsand policymakers. This chapter systematically explores curriculumtransformation beyond algorithms through five key sections:1. Post-Positivism and HumanistPhilosophy – Examines the shift from positivist knowledge paradigms topost-positivist perspectives, emphasizing critical realism, methodologicalpluralism, and reflexivity.2. The Need for Change: Technology andHuman Roles – Highlights how AI and automation necessitate educational reformto cultivate uniquely human capacities.3. The Human Imperative: Adaptation andSkills – Identifies essential post-technology skills, including intuition,ethical reasoning, emotional intelligence, and creativity.4. Redefining Schools, Curricula, andAssessment – Explores the transition from rigid, discipline-based instructionto dynamic, interdisciplinary, inquiry-driven learning.5. Transformative Teaching Practices inthe Age of Artificial Intelligence – Approaches like Reggio Emilia,Phenomenon-Based Learning, STEAM/STEM, and the IB framework that emphasizehuman-centric education. This transition to a curriculum beyond algorithmsrepresents not merely an educational reform but a profound reconceptualizationof learning, human potential, and societal progress. Through redefinedcurricula, teaching methods, and learning environments, education can movebeyond information delivery to a holistic framework fostering creativity,ethical judgment, and critical inquiry. In an era where AI performs tasks suchas composing symphonies and diagnosing diseases, the skills enabling humans tothrive are rooted in distinctly human strengths. A contribution to the ongoingdiscourse on education’s future is offered here, grounded in scientificanalysis and oriented toward cultivating human flourishing in the age of AI.</p