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Proteomic Signatures of Cellular Reprogramming in Bladder Cancer: Insights into the Acquisition of Cancer Stem-like States and Phenotypic Plasticity
No full textBackground/Aim: Reprogramming somatic cells to an embryonic state opens a transformative pathway to convert cancer cells into benign ones. By delving into the changes that occur during this process, we can enhance our understanding of tumor development and unlock groundbreaking therapeutic strategies. In this study, we successfully reprogrammed the bladder cancer cell line using Yamanaka factors and conducted a stage-specific, comprehensive proteomic analysis of the resulting molecular changes. Materials and Methods: The bladder cancer cell line HTB-4 was reprogrammed and cultured on vitronectin-coated surfaces following Sendai virus reprogramming, enabling a thorough evaluation of pluripotent marker expression. Both parental and reprogrammed cells were tested for proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. nLC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify molecular differences between parental bladder cancer cells and reprogrammed cells across initial passages. Results: Reprogrammed HTB-4 cells retain their ability to adhere and exhibit significant expression of pluripotency-associated proteins, forming colony-like structures. Stage-specific proteomic analyses reveal notable differences between reprogrammed cells and progenitor cells, particularly in pathways related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation. Conclusion: We developed an in vitro model of bladder cancer reprogramming that identifies biomarkers associated with the induction of stem-like states and cellular plasticity. Our findings reveal significant stage-specific proteomic changes offering insights into the hierarchical organization of bladder cancer and the molecular mechanisms underlying the cancer stem cell phenotype. These results facilitate the development of more precise, patient-specific in vitro models for studying tumor recurrence and treatment resistance. However, further mechanistic studies are needed to translate effectively potential biomarkers into clinical practice
Structure–luminescence correlations in Eu3+-activated Ba2LaVO6and Ba2GdVO6double-perovskite phosphors
No full textEu3+-activated double perovskites have attracted increasing attention as red-emitting phosphors owing to their compositional tunability and structurally versatile host lattices. In this work, Ba2La1−xVO6:xEu3+ and Ba2Gd1−xVO6:xEu3+ (x = 0 and 2.5–30 mol%) phosphors were synthesized via a solid-state reaction route and systematically investigated to elucidate host-dependent luminescence behavior. X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement confirmed single-phase orthorhombic Pnma symmetry for both systems, with the La-based host exhibiting a more flexible and polarizable lattice, while the Gd-based host forms a more compact and rigid framework. Distinct host-dependent microstructural features are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for the La-based and Gd-based phosphors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was further employed to verify the elemental composition and the trivalent oxidation state of Eu ions in representative high-doping compositions. Photoluminescence studies reveal pronounced differences in emission characteristics: Ba2LaVO6:Eu3+ stabilizes an abnormal near-UV-excited 5D0 → 7F4-dominated orange-red emission with high dopant tolerance up to 30 mol% Eu3+, whereas Ba2GdVO6:Eu3+ exhibits the conventional 5D0 → 7F2-dominated red emission with earlier concentration quenching beyond 15 mol%. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements further reveal distinct thermal quenching behaviors, reflected in different quenching onsets and half-intensity temperatures (T0.5), which are closely linked to the lattice rigidity of the two hosts. CIE analysis shows that Ba2LaVO6:Eu3+ emits orange-red light with moderate color purity due to enhanced 5D0 → 7F4 emission, whereas Ba2GdVO6:Eu3+ produces deeper red emission dominated by the 5D0 → 7F2 transition. Overall, this comparative study establishes a clear structure–rigidity–luminescence correlation in Eu3+-activated Ba2MVO6 (M = La, Gd) phosphors, providing fundamental insight into host-controlled emission tuning in double-perovskite systems
University 4.0 readiness in the digital age: an entropy-based multi criteria assessment of Turkish universities
No full textA theory-grounded, data-driven framework is proposed and applied to evaluate Turkish universities’ readiness for the University 4.0 (UNI 4.0) paradigm. Insights from institutional theory, dynamic capabilities, the resource-based view, and sociotechnical digital transformation are synthesized, and readiness is operationalized across four pillars—Education and Learning (EL), University Management (UM), International Relations (IR), and Research and Development (RD). Publicly available documents and statistics for 34 MÜDEK-accredited universities are used. An entropy-based multi-criteria decision-making design is implemented: objective indicator weights are derived with the Entropy Weighting Method (EWM), a composite UNI 4.0 Index is constructed using Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and inter-pillar associations are assessed via Spearman rank correlations. The overall index is dominated by public universities, while several research-intensive foundation universities are found to excel within specific dimensions (notably UM or RD). Correlations between IR–EL, IR–RD, and EL–RD are observed to be moderate and statistically significant, indicating that international engagement and educational quality are associated with stronger research performance. By contrast, UM is observed to exhibit weak and nonsignificant associations with other pillars, suggesting the presence of a strategy–execution gap in governance and capability deployment. The study offers policy insights for advancing digital capacity, enhancing institutional research ecosystems, and fostering globally connected academic environments. By integrating methodological rigor with forward-looking theoretical perspectives, this work contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of how universities can adapt to the demands of a digitally driven future
The mediating effect of cyber victimization and cyberbullying on the relationship between social media addiction and emotional and psychological well-being in adolescents
No full textUsing Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles in Regenerative Medicine: A New Paradigm for Cell-Based-Cell-Free Therapy
No full textCommon treatments for various diseases are mainly a series of suppressing, modifying, or stimulating drugs that in addition to having unwanted side effects, in the long term with the advancement of the disease, lose their therapeutic efficacy to a large extent. Hence, the treatment of many diseases remains a major challenge in medical research. Among the promising therapeutic strategies that have been introduced in recent years, using mesenchymal stem cells has attracted significant attention. Stem cells are a kind of cells that have the ability to transform to all types of cells in the body. These cells have the ability to regenerate and differentiate into various types of cells, including blood, cardio, nervous, and cartilage cells; they can also be employed to repair various tissues of the body after injury and can be injected into some tissues, the most cells of which are destroyed such as intestine tissues. Transplanting and replacing damaged cells and repairing and fixing defects in a damaged tissue is other abilities of the stem cells. Microvesicles (MVs) are integral components of the cell-to-cell communication network, which releasing from different cells have the ability to progressively become a center of attention in stem cell-based therapy
Tersane Çalışanlarında İş Kazası Riskini Etkileyen Demografik Davranışsal ve Mesleki Faktörlerin Lojistik Regresyon Analizi
No full textIntegration of Deep Learning and Mendelian Randomization Identifies Causal Biomarkers for CHD
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The impact of AI-driven speech recognition on listening comprehension and pronunciation accuracy in English language teaching
No full textThis study aims to assess the impact of AI-driven information technology on English language acquisition relative to traditional methods. Fifty first-year students (mean age = 28; 38% male, 62% female) at Osh State University in Kyrgyzstan were randomly assigned to an experimental group (AI-assisted learning, n = 25) or a control group (conventional teaching, n = 25). The Vosk Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) technology was employed to monitor learner performance over 12 weeks, utilising Oxford vocabulary sets. The results indicate that the experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in their listening skills. For instance, there was a 16.6% increase in word recognition accuracy (p = 0.003), a 2.7-point improvement in sentence comprehension (on a 10-point scale) (p = 0.012), and a 16.5% reduction in pronunciation error rates (p = 0.004). Nonparametric ANCOVA revealed that the IT group significantly outperformed the control group (mean score = 6.45 ± 1.12 vs. 4.18 ± 1.05, p < 0.05), demonstrating a small to medium effect size (η² = 0.09). Both techniques demonstrated effectiveness (p < 0.05 for within-group gains), with AI-based learning yielding statistically significant advantages. The findings align with previous research regarding the potential of educational technology to create more learner-centred environments, demonstrating that information technology can address shortcomings in conventional teaching approaches. The study’s limitations include a restricted sample size and an emphasis on listening abilities; subsequent research should investigate broader language competencies. This study emphasises the transformative potential of AI in language education and advocates its integration into curricula to improve learning outcomes
Acid Black 194 removal by using O<sub>3</sub>, O<sub>3</sub>/UV, and photocatalytic ozonation processes: optimization with response surface methodology
No full textThe dyestuffs in textile wastewater cause serious environmental problems when discharged to the receiving environment. Acid Black 194 (AB 194) is one of the most frequently used dyestuffs in the textile industry. Studies on the treatment of AB 194 are limited and treatment with ozone and hybrid ozone systems have not been encountered in the literature. In this study, the removal of wastewater containing AB 194 was investigated by O-3, O-3/UV, and photocatalytic oxidation (PCOP) methods. Commercial Al2O3 with < 50 nm diameter was used as a catalyst in PCOP. Process optimizations were performed using the Box Behnken Design (BBD). The R-2 values of the models obtained are 0.9992, 0.9992, and 0.9985 for O-3, O-3/UV, PCOP processes, respectively. The ozone dosage for all processes has been identified as the most effective parameter for dye removal. According to BBD results, the optimum conditions for the ozone process were determined as pH 6.99, ozone dose 799.16 mg/L, and time 14.28 min. For the O-3/UV process, the optimum values were identified as pH 5.08, ozone dose 660.38 mg/L, light intensity 13.65 W, and reaction time 9.87 min. Finally, the optimum conditions for PCOP were found to be pH 5.91, ozone dose 628.02 mg/L, catalyst dose 51.03 mg/L, light intensity 23.37 W, and time 10.24 min. While close dye removal efficiency values (around 99%) were obtained in all processes under optimum conditions, the highest dye removal efficiency was achieved in PCOP and the lowest in O-3 process when the three processes were operated under the same conditions