University of Warwick Press: Journals
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Academic Fraud: Solving the Crisis in Modern Academia
No full textAcademic fraud is a rising threat. Schemes to defraud funding bodies, institutions and researchers for personal gain are not a modern invention within academia but one that threatens to topple the integrity of research practice. These manifest in the form of internal research misconduct and external predatory practice, the former perpetrated by the over-ambitious and the latter by organizations predating on unsuspecting researchers. Such academic fraud can undermine academic integrity, profoundly influence key legislation, and cause societal damage. Major reform of the academic system is required to overcome these difficulties. These measures are discussed and can be divided into detection and prevention methods. Detection methods include peer-review, replication, whistle-blowing, external review bodies, digital solutions, and incentivization. Prevention methods include awareness, data repositories, institutional and editorial policies, punishment and deterrence, transparency indices, and changes to the ‘publish or perish’ mentality. These solutions are as of yet immature, flawed or in need of major revision but do have some potential in overcoming the rising threat of academic fraud
Myriad-Briefing: a pilot study into its effect on participation and its appropriateness for online research
No full textBriefing a participant is necessary to obtain informed consent. However, briefing can change a participant’s behaviour; for example, knowledge of an upcoming memory test might cause you to attend experimental stimuli more so that you look clever in the test. Studies that try to measure natural behaviour therefore use deception to avoid this behaviour change. This merely flips the problem from a methodological one to an ethical one. This paper guides future research of a potential solution: myriad-briefing is a technique of presenting a collection of possible tasks to ambiguate the nature of the experiment so that participants consent to the experimental tasks without knowing what the experiment will involve. Before more extensive investigation of the application of myriad-briefing, this paper investigated two salient caveats. Part 1 obtains feedback from participants about myriad-briefing to see if more information deters participation. Results find no negative effect of myriad-briefing on participant willingness to participate. Part 2 tests whether participants pay attention to myriad briefing in online studies to see if the technique is applicable. Results find that too few participants read the briefing to produce an observable effect suggesting myriad-briefing is best applied to laboratory settings
Constructivism and Determinism: An examination of two conflicting philosophies to voice feminisation for transgender women
No full textA review of various approaches to voice feminisation for transgender women reveals two conflicting philosophies concerning voice and gender identity: determinism and constructivism. While the determinist philosophy equates sex with gender and posits that physiology determines vocal output, the constructivist philosophy views gender and vocal differences as more dependent on socio-cultural factors. Much of past research has relied on the deterministic perspective to define the voice as a set of masculine or feminine acoustic measures. This binary categorisation poses a challenge for adult transgender women who must overcome significant laryngeal changes attributed to puberty to modify their voices. Certain studies indicate voice feminisation interventions are more effective when they incorporate the self-perceived identities of transgender women into treatment strategies instead of relying solely on acoustic voice measures to label a voice as either masculine or feminine. Further research suggests that social factors – including class, ethnicity and upbringing – impact vocalisation. In light of this evidence, this paper acknowledges the need for more holistic treatments of the voice through a better integration of the constructivist perspective into voice feminisation practices. In certain reports of patient outcomes, transgender women who rate their voice as more feminine are also perceived as such by listeners. This finding demonstrates the efficacy of a patient-centred approach, which is best accomplished through a synergistic application of both determinist and constructivist philosophies to voice modification. By doing so, therapeutic interventions will likely be more effective at alleviating incongruences between the voice and self-identity for transgender women
Trust and Cultural Governance
Get PDFWhat is the role of governance in the cultural sector? Is governance simply a tool for measurement or can it prove to be a mechanism for support and dialogue? Evidence gathered from our empirical global study of 2017, indicates that most cultural governance approaches remain relatively crude and general and are only partially adapted to the local situation. We elaborate this claim through a careful and systematic examination of a theoretical diagram (Figure 1), which summarises the evolution of cultural governance through evidence collected from nine different geographical locations (across five continents). How governance can develop (we suggest, away from control and towards one of support and dialogue) depends upon a number of factors. These factors include attributes of confidence, cooperation, appreciating a variety of tangible and intangible features, and most importantly, institutional trust. Institutional trust should be understood as being different to the more widely discussed notion of interpersonal trust and furthermore, our understandings are further complicated by the broader cultural and political context of a country. With this article we want to claim that institutional trust is an important factor (or even condition) in the development of an effective cultural governance process
Fitting In and Fighting Out: Non-native teachers of English engaging in an Australian ESL environment
No full textThis study explores and problematises the various challenges six non-native English-Speaking Teachers (NNESTs) faced in the ESL teaching profession. The purpose of this study was to increase an in-depth understanding of non-native English speaking teachers in terms of their perceived and actual employability, students’ perceptions of them, and the discriminatory practices they are often reported to be subjected to in the ESL industry in Australia. The number of international students studying ESL at Australian language centres has increased significantly in recent years and a concurrent increase in trained NNESTs seeking employment in these centres necessitates this study. The findings revealed that the participants still face challenges to some extent in the ESL teaching profession in Melbourne and their teaching approaches are impacted by their linguistic and educational experiences. The study also found that, contrary to popular belief, NNESTs do not use the so-called ‘traditional’ teaching approaches while teaching, despite their own learning of English through such approaches. As well, far from seeing it as a disadvantage, these teachers often utilise their non-native status as a positive source of inspiration to encourage ‘non-native’ students in the classroom.
As data in the study indicates, the participants’ pedagogical approaches have been influenced by their past linguistic, educational, and cultural experiences, this understanding will help these programs become better attuned to teachers’ experiences and backgrounds and encourage NNES future teachers to examine their varied experiences in relation to theories of language acquisition, language teaching and curriculum design.
Exchanges Discourse Podcast
A Conversation with…Urmee Chakma [14:57
Public Perceptions on Using Virtual Reality and Mobile Apps in Anxiety Treatment: A cross sectional analysis
No full textNew technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and mobile apps are increasingly being developed and trialled therapeutically to help treat anxiety disorders. Despite this increasing market, there is little research on how the public perceive the incorporation of these innovative technologies in anxiety treatment. This study aimed to describe knowledge, awareness and perceptions of VR and mobile apps for the treatment of anxiety. To do this, a survey was disseminated to those aged 18 to 35 with no current or previous mental illness via social media and poster advertisements, and 57 individuals participated. Results demonstrated that most individuals had limited knowledge on the use of VR and mobile apps in mental health, but overall demonstrated positive perceptions and high optimism regarding its potential use. Neither treatment modality was perceived as being as effective as standard treatment; however, participants were willing to use either modality if recommended by a therapist and use both in conjunction with standard treatment. Participants demonstrated a willingness to use a mobile app as a first point of contact. These findings have implications for the way in which these technologies are rolled out to the public
Cavalli Cavalcanti: Il medioevo ritrovato nella poesia di Giulia Martini
No full textCoppie minime by Giulia Martini is a poetic work rich in intertextual allusions to medieval literature, the themes and fragments of which find new coherence and a new function in the context of a metaliterary discourse on contemporary poetry. The paper explores this process by analysing key poems of Martini’s book. Namely, the theme of the death of the lyric Self links, within Coppie minime, Dante and Cavalcanti’s poetic discourse with that of Patrizia Cavalli.
 
L\u27attrito del metro: Sull\u27uso del sonetto nella poesia di Valerio Magrelli
No full textThis article analyses the use of the sonnet in Valerio Magrelli’s poetry, focusing on the effect of friction produced by metrical choices in relation to the other textual levels. The essay highlights the relationship between the author’s sonnets and free verse production and some models of Italian twentieth-century tradition. The study examines the texts in detail and shows how meter is used to generate short circuits and new paths of meaning under the surface of the text
Discounting Beyond Death: An Exploration of Intergenerational Distribution Preferences
No full textHow do people value the welfare of future generations? This question is of special importance now that future generations’ welfare is at stake because of expected climate change. This paper looks into people’s preferences regarding intergenerational distribution of welfare. It replicates research on the discounting of life saving and uses a new question that aims to measure the valuation of future generations’ standard of life. Data is obtained from an online questionnaire (N = 138) and shows values for the discount factors that indicate decreasing valuation of future welfare. Heterogeneity is observed in distributions between one’s descendants and between future generations in general. This might be explained by the superiority of either kinship-related or ethical motives that would differ for both sorts. Obtained discount factors possibly reflect decreasing connectedness to generations over time, until the point where such generations are considered strangers and no further discounting takes place. The effect of major life events such as grandparenthood also fit this explanatory framework. Changes in demographic factors could therefore translate to changes in intergenerational discounting. Exact predictions of these and other relationships should be confirmed by further research
Dining and Dying at Pompeii : Last Supper at Pompeii Exhibition Review
No full textDining and Dying at Pompeii : Last Supper at Pompeii Exhibition Revie