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More than Shyness: Selective Mutism and its Link to Sensory Processing Disorder
Get PDFSelective mutism (SM) is a childhood anxiety disorder. Since anxiety is related to Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) the purpose of this study was to find out if sensory processing difficulties are present in children with SM. Clinical information was collected online from 147 caregivers and the data were complete for 122 subjects (ages 3-18). Short Sensory Profile (SSP) assessment was used to measure sensory reactivity in a group of children with SM. According to SSP definite sensory impairments were detected in 64 % of the children with SM, whereas probable sensory impairments were present in 24 % of the SM group. The highest rates of SPD were reported in three sections of SSP: taste/smell sensitivity, visual/auditory sensitivity and auditory filtering. Moreover, SPD was present at higher rate in children with SM compared to a group of typically developing children. The above findings suggest that a vast percentage of children with SM may be affected by SPD, regardless of other co-occurring diagnoses. This pioneering result has an implication for combining the existing SM therapy methods with Sensory Integration training (SI) and/or neuro-sensori-motor reflex integration techniques
Book Review
Get PDFThe Chains of Black America: The Hammer of the Police and the Anvil of the Schools. Michael Holzman. New York: Chelmsford, 2014. 285 pp
CONCEPTUAL VOCABULARY AMONG PRESCHOOLERS
Get PDFThis study examined Spanish-English preschoolers’ (n = 32) vocabulary performance when using traditional English-only compared to those that utilize conceptual scoring (i.e., vocabulary knowledge in terms of known concepts independent of whether the label for the concept is known in either Spanish or English) designed for and normed on Spanish-English bilinguals. Children’s performance at the item level on the conceptually-scored measures was also examined. In English, receptive and expressive average scores were in the below-average ranges. However, on the conceptually-scored vocabulary measures, the average scores were within the average range, receptively and expressively. Examination of children’s performance at the item level suggests there may be differences by language in bilingual children’s receptive and expressive vocabulary performance. The findings underscore the value of utilizing conceptually-scored vocabulary measures, suggesting that their use may have potential for differentiating language difference from language disorder among young bilingual learners
An investigation of attention biases to emotional faces in individuals with ADHD
Get PDFThe present studies aimed to examine attention capture biases in response to emotional stimuli in adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Individuals with ADHD and matched controls completed an affective priming task with happy, sad, angry, disgust and neutral facial expressions as stimuli. In Study One, individuals who self-disclosed a diagnosis of ADHD showed greater attention capture for angry and happy expressions, though marginally less attention capture for disgusted expressions. In Study Two, individuals who met criteria for child ADHD and/or current diagnosis of ADHD demonstrated greater attention capture for disgusted emotional expressions and less attention capture for angry emotional expressions. Different findings between study One and Two suggest different emotion processing patterns as individuals with ADHD develop into adulthood
When Silence Becomes Betrayal
No full textRight now in our country we are using our anger and judgement to rule our actions which is leading our people to turn against one another in fear. It is time that we come together as a society to solve a problem, to speak up for what we believe in, for justice. When Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the letter from Birmingham jail he was calling out for people to share their voices for a cause. By staying silent while heartbreaking events unfold you are contributing to the ongoing problem. In my poster design I wanted to call out those people who are watching the violence continue but still saying silent. The design is meant to relate to a broad audience, to show it could be any one of us. The shade of red symbolizes the figure being alert due to rising tensions. Their eyes are open wide to see exactly what is going on but their hand remains over their mouth in silence. In the reflection of the eyes, you see a cop and a silhouetted figure. This is to call out the present controversy unfolding between African Americans and Law Enforcement. In the eyes there is no hero or victim because if we ever want to resolve this conflict we have to take a step back from that. We have to start looking at all of us as one in the same, we are all people and we all must come together and stop being silent which is what this poster represents
Early Childhood Teachers’ Use of Dual Language Digital Books in Alaskan Communities
Get PDFThis qualitative study investigated how dual language digital books are used by early childhood teachers working with primarily Alaska Native children and families. In particular, there was a desire to know how the teachers used the dual language digital books in their classrooms and if the resources were used to foster early literacy and/or to help teach and preserve native languages. The research was situated in six preschool classrooms where researchers observed the teachers using the books and conducted semi-structured interviews to triangulate the data. Using a qualitative approach to analysis, findings emerged that teachers used the books to introduce specific content or concepts, to emphasize home languages, and to reinforce early literacy skills using both whole group instruction and independent exploration time. Â Additionally, how they used the books appeared to be in direct response to their students and their needs. Implications for teachers, families, and administrators are shared
Transformative and Social Justice Dimensions of a Jail-based College Course
Get PDFResearch consistently demonstrates the benefits associated with the provision of education in correctional facilities. These examinations typically focus on prison-based education, enhanced employment opportunities, and recidivism reduction. There is considerably less attention afforded to jail-based education and other benefits associated with institutional education opportunities. This study focuses on a criminal justice college course based on the Inside-Out Prison Exchange Model taught at the Washoe County (Nevada) Detention Center in the spring 2016 semester. This course brought together outside students (i.e., college students) and inside students (i.e., incarcerated men) for a semester-long course held once per week in the jail. The results highlight the transformative aspects of a single course that may generate the foundation for functional changes among people who are incarcerated and the value of experiential education for college students
Detection of Depression in Primary Care and the Assessments Available That Can Assist in Diagnosis
Get PDFBecause of the frequency which primary care physicians see their patients, they are in a unique position to recognize depressive symptoms. The primary care environment is missing one out of every two patients with depression. This literature review will examine the accuracy of diagnosis by primary care physicians and the measures that could be used to increase accuracy. Three diagnostic measures are reviewed. The first is the Patient Health Questionnaire, which is easy to administer and can be given in different languages. The next is the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, which would be useful during the treatment of depression to assess the progress of individuals, because of the high reliability. The final is the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, which is a good option available as a second tier diagnostic measure after high-risk patients have been recognized. Poor recognition and misdiagnosis could be improved with the implementation of diagnostic measures
Factors Related to Head Start Teachers’ Implementation of Physical Activity Programming
Get PDFBACKGROUND: This study examined factors that predicted Head Start preschool teachers’ use of the physical activity components of I am Moving, I am Learning, a nationally disseminated obesity prevention program. METHODS: Lead teachers (N = 120) in a large city in the United States completed questionnaires to self-report I am Moving, I am Learning implementation, demographic information, their general attitudes toward physical activity promotion, and their specific attitudes about implementing I am Moving, I am Learning. RESULTS: Three variables were associated with teachers’ program usage: (1) prior teacher training (p <.001); (b) teachers’ perceptions about program usability (p=.002); and (c) teachers’ prior experience leading physical activity (p=.037). Results also highlighted Head Start teachers’ positive attitudes about the benefits of promoting physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Many Head Start teachers described IM/IL as a feasible and acceptable physical activity promotion program. However, training opportunities were variable and more comprehensive and consistent training would be important