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Inventory of John Blower's Papers. Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority (EWCA) Library, Addis Ababa (Ethiopa)
No full textJohn Blower was the first advisor of the Ethiopian Wildlife Organisation between 1965 and 1970. This new Ethiopian administration has been established after the Emperor Hailé Selassié requested assistance from UNESCO about wildlife issues.
Graduated at the Edinburgh University, John Blower had several African wildlife experiences before joining Ethiopia in 1965: he has been game ranger in Tanganyiaga, in Kenya and chief game warden in Uganda.
As advisor of the wildlife organisation in Ethiopia, he took part during five years in the creation of the first national parks in Ehiopia in 1969: the Awash, Semien and Omo parks.
All the documents which are present in this collection are directly or indirectly the result of John Blower’s activities in this administration
A progress on the binary Goldbach conjecture
No full textIn this paper, we develop the method of circle of partitions and associated statistics. As an application, we prove conditionally the binary Goldbach conjecture. We develop series of steps to prove the binary Gold-bach conjecture in full. We end the paper by proving the binary Goldbach conjecture for all even numbers exploiting the strategies outlined
Thermal stability of two xylanases from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier: kinetic and thermodynamic analysis
No full textSupplemental Materials: https://osf.io/7w52h/The knowledge on thermal inactivation kinetics of enzymes is necessary to allow their adequate utilization as natural biopreservatives in the food industry and technology applications. In this work, the kinetics of thermal inactivation was studied for the previously purified and characterized xylanases Xyl1 and Xyl2 from Macrotermes subhyalinus little soldier. Samples of xylanases were treated at different time-temperature combinations in the range of 5-60 min at 50-65°C and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for xylanases were calculated. The inactivation kinetic follows a first-order reaction with k-values between 0.0192 ± 0.0002 to 0.0405 ± 0.0003 and 0.0119 ± 0.0005 to 0.0418 ± 0.0004 min-1 for Xyl1 and Xyl2, respectively. Activation energy (Ea) and Z-values were estimated to 48.08 ± 1.84 kJ mol-1 and 43.47 ± 3.02°C for Xyl1, 75.52 ± 3.52 kJ.mol-1 and 27.77 ± 1.87°C for Xyl2. The catalytic reactions of both xylanases are endothermic due to positive enthalpy. The high value obtained for the variation in enthalpy of activation indicates that a high amount of energy is required to initiate denaturation, probably due to the molecular conformation of xylanases. All results suggest that both xylanases are relatively resistant to long heat treatments up to 50°C
On Subject Inversion In Proto-Bantu Relative Clauses
No full textThis chapter concentrates on the canonical position of lexical subjects in
Proto-Bantu non-subject relative clauses. Based on both the geographical and the genealogical distribution of different word orders (Subject Verb-only, Verb Subject-only and Subject Verb / Verb Subject), I propose that the Verb Subject (VS) order is an innovation that came into use only after the split between the North-Western Cameroonian branch of Grollemund et al.’s (2015) classification and the rest of the tree, that is, node 2 or 3. I thus argue for a revision of Meeussen’s (1967) and Nsuka-Nkutsi’s (1982) claim that Proto-Bantu (node 1) non-subject relative clauses were characterised by a VS order. After expanding Nsuka-Nkutsi’s sample from over a hundred Narrow Bantu languages to a total of 167 languages (151 Narrow Bantu and 16 other Niger-Congo languages), we observe that VS-only is still the most frequent word order. However, the Subject Verb (SV) order is dominant in the major clades of Grollemund et al. (2015) located in the north-western Bantu area (20 out of 22 languages in our sample), that is, in the languages that are both closer to the Bantu homeland and more similar to the Niger-Congo languages outside of Narrow Bantu in our sample. SV-only is also found in a significant portion of our sample in the Eastern branch (28 out of 57 languages). Together, these facts suggest that the SV order might be more ancient than previously thought. If this scenario is correct, Bantu zone A languages would not have lost VS due to their evolution from more syntheticity to more analyticity, but they would never have had it at all
Socio-economic consequences of imported frozen tilapia in the Kenyan aquaculture value chain: Strategies for optimizing local unexploited potential
No full textThe capture fisheries production sector, which is the main source of consumed fish in Kenya has been declining over the years, causing a huge deficit in fish supply in the local market. Even though aquaculture has been fronted as a stop-gap measure, there are still eminent fish supply gaps, prompting the importation of frozen tilapia, mainly from China. However, imported fish has attracted numerous socioeconomic debates between proponents and opponents of fish imports, almost in equal measure. This study investigated the socio-economic consequences of imported tilapia in the local fish market and the value chain linkages in Kisumu County. Primary data were collected using direct interviews with pre-set questionnaires fed into Open Data Kit (ODK) platform, and observations from 60 randomly selected fishermen and 60 fish farmers, 100 fish traders and 96 households. Key Informant Interviews (KII) and Focused Group Discussions (FGDs) were also conducted. About 57% of the respondents processed and traded on imported frozen tilapia, 27% of them traded on fish from capture fisheries, and 16 % traded on fish from the local aquaculture sector. Imported tilapia was the cheapest at Ksh. 200/kg compared to the locally produced tilapia at Ksh. 320/kg. At least 62 % of the households in Kisumu consumed imported tilapia regularly due to lower prices and availability. About 46 % of the respondents have gained direct employment and experienced improved socio-economic status because of the imported fish, of which 71 % are youth and women. However, about 40% of the respondents reported multiple job losses and degraded socio-economic status due to poor market for the locally produced tilapia, whether from the capture or culture sector. The study concluded that the importation of frozen tilapia can potentially reduce socio-economic returns from the local fisheries and aquaculture value chains. A rational approach is to optimize local fish production to saturate the local market and potentially out-price the imported frozen tilapia. Appropriate government policies tackling the importation of fish into the country can also help reduce the negative impacts of these imported fish on the local fish market systems
Diachronic Typology And The Reconstruction Of Non-Selective Interrogative Pronominals In Proto-Bantu
No full textIn this chapter, I propose a typologically informed reconstruction of the Bantu non-selective interrogative pronominals (NSIPs). Bantu NSIPs are characterised by a bewildering degree of formal variation, which makes their reconstruction particularly difficult. Therefore, I begin with a more general methodological discussion of the issue of variation in functional elements and the possible ways of dealing with it in reconstruction and by an overview of the diachronic typology of NSIPs. The most important results of the proposed reconstruction of Bantu NSIPs are that no human NSIP stem 'who?' can be reconstructed for Proto-Bantu (PB), while the morphological status of the non-human NSIP form 'what?' is ambiguous, and that the NSIP forms that can be reconstructed to PB were emerging out of complex interrogative constructions (viz. a clause-level cleft construction and a nominalisation construction) retained from some pre-PB stage within Southern Bantoid. Because of their complex constructional origin and the typical pathways of formal and semantic evolution, the reconstruction of interrogative pronominals bears significant relevance to the reconstruction of many other parts of Bantu morphosyntax, such as deictics (both spatial and discourse ones), the so-called augment and more generally referential status marking, nominalisation, noun classes, subject indexation, copulas, cleft constructions, relative clause constructions, constituent order, and root phonotactics (the question of vowel-initial roots and the identity of PB *
Effects of Climate Change on Local Economic Development in Ghana, and Resilience Measures to Promote Sustainable Rural Development
No full textAccording to the Ghana Meteorological Agency, historical climatic data from 1960 to 2000 show a consistent and obvious rise in temperature and a corresponding decline in rainfall across all biological zones. Rainfall in the Semi-Deciduous Forest zone is anticipated to increase by 2.8%, 10.9%, and 18.6%, respectively, in 2020, 2050, and 2080. These figures and estimates are concerning given Ghana's population of 31.07 million, with agriculture employing around 52% of the labor force, services employing 29%, and industry employing 19%. Women account for around 39% of the agricultural labor force. Agriculture accounts for 54% of Ghana's GDP, more than 40% of export revenues, and more than 90% of the country's food needs. These initiatives highlight agriculture's significant contribution to national and local economic development. Agriculture is the backbone of most rural economies in Ghana; thus, these data and projections are concerning, given the rise in temperature and decrease in rainfall, which would impede most agricultural activity in rural areas. Climate change poses a threat to national development, necessitating the development of a resilience strategy to mitigate its effects. Because local economic development is a crucial part of forward-thinking local growth, climate change has an impact on it. In order for local and regional governments to effectively respond to the most urgent demands of the local community, local economic development is a crucial duty of local government. More than merely economic growth, local economic development also requires fostering participation and community dialogue and connecting people with resources. It is important to examine climate change and create resilience strategies to lessen the problems it provides in rural communities in order to increase employment and quality of life for both men and women in rural Ghana
Understanding the Academic Significance of World Value Survey
No full textMeasuring socio-economic and political value change needs a simple and valid interpretation at both collective and individual levels. However, surveys dealing with value change are limited and defective. This article aims on World Value Survey (WVS) and its academic significance in the study of political behavioural change in Bauchi state Nigeria 1999-2016, through, a qualitative method of data collection and analysis. Conclusion suggests that as a prominent and well-established academic source of data, the WVS instruments, and data are significant for the analysis of the changing political behaviour in Bauchi State. Considering that, the study centres only on the part of the WVS survey data on two dimensions of political behaviour: (1) formal political participation and (2) extra parliamentary activism. These two dimensions comprise nine values which include interest in politics, voting, protests, demonstrations, confidence in political parties, parliament, government, leadership and quality preferences randomly selected and adopted The adoption of these two important segments of the WVS data helped the analysis processes particularly in examining the trends and patterns of the changes in political behaviour as component of democratic attitude and value. WVS is also a means through which governments and its agencies will be influenced to make authoritative decisions (policies) for the continuity and democratic development
Complex Circles of Partition and the Asymptotic Binary Goldbach Conjecture
No full textIn this work, we continue the complex circle of partition development that was started in our foundational study [3]. With regard to command its embedding circle, we define interior and exterior points. On this foundation, we expand the concept of point density, established in [2], to include complex circles of partition. We propose the idea of a quotient complex circle of partition and investigate some of its features in analogy to the quotient group in group theory. With this notion, we can prove an asymptotic version of the Binary Goldbach Conjectur
Petrology And Geochemistry Of Selected Nepheline Syenites From Malawi And Their Potential As Alternative Potash Sources
No full textThe Sub Saharan Africa agricultural sector is one of the most disadvantaged regions, partly due to high fertilizer import costs from the northern hemisphere. Malawi is one such country which faces these fertilizer challenges for the agricultural sector growth and food crop production. However, Malawi has numerous intrusive alkaline rocks, nepheline syenites, especially within the Chilwa alkaline province. This study was therefore conducted to assess these nepheline syenites for their potential as potassium sources. We used Malawi's new airborne geophysical gamma ray data acquired in 2013, coupled with satellite remote sensing, to identify nepheline syenites suitable as possible sources for alternative silicate K-fertilizer, and carried out geochemical analysis of whole rock samples. Results show that the K2O content for the nepheline syenites varies from 3.17 wt % to 9.14 wt % with an average of 5.22 wt %. The K2O/Na2O ratio for Malawi's nepheline syenites ranges from 0.41 to 1.28 with an average of 0.65 showing that the nepheline syenites are mostly sodic but with variable composition. In addition to nepheline, the calcium feldspathoid davidsmithite ((Na,Ca)AlSiO4) was identified in the syenites using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive analysis. Although the different intrusive complexes are not homogenous, our results show that, generally, the nepheline syenites from Malawi have similar geochemistry and mineralogical composition to those which have been used as crushed-rock fertilizers in other parts of the world