Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research (KJAR)
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An Evidence-Based Update on the Impact of Local Antimicrobials as Adjunct to Periodontal Therapy
Get PDFLocal antimicrobials as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy have been used widely to enhance the outcome of treatment. However, consensus has yet to be achieved regarding what and how these antimicrobials can be used. Therefore, this narrative review highlights the most common antimicrobials examined and provides an updated analysis of the benefits, limitations, and clinical outcomes associated with use of antimicrobials as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. Based on the evidences gathered, it is clear that combining local antimicrobial agents with scaling and root debridement (SRD) offers significant therapeutic advantages in periodontal therapy and minimizing many side effects linked to systemic antibiotic therapy. Amongst the antimicrobials used, chlorhexidine (CHX) showed the most significant clinical improvement, followed by doxycycline (DOX), tetracycline, and metronidazole (MTZ), all of which helped reduce periodontal bacteria load and improve treatment outcome. CHX demonstrated the greatest clinical improvement due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, strong substantivity, and its application in sustained-release formulations. DOX followed closely in effectiveness, offering a unique advantage through its dual role as both an antimicrobial and a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Tetracycline, though slightly less effective than DOX, still provided considerable clinical benefits, especially when used in sustained-release systems, despite increasing bacterial resistance in some cases. MTZ showed the lowest clinical improvement among the agents reviewed, but it remains valuable due to its targeted action against anaerobic bacteria, which are prominent in periodontal infections. The findings of this study will help the general practitioners select the most suitable local antimicrobial therapy as adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy
Isolation and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida spp. from Pediatric Patients
No full textCandida species are considered the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogen due to the presence of various virulence factors, including its ability to form a biofilm that aids in oral candidiasis. Pediatric patients are more susceptible to oral candidiasis than healthy pediatric because of the factors that encourage Candida oral carriage. This current study aims to isolate, evaluated the antifungal effect on Candida spp. and participated in oral candidiasis of pediatric patients in Sulaymaniyah and Kirkuk city. The study was performed from September 2021 to February 2022 on two groups of pediatrics which including pediatric patients (n=160) and healthy pediatric (n=50) as a control group. Oral swabs were obtained from 210 participants in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq at the Pediatric teaching hospital of the Sulaymaneyah and Kirkuk governorates. To culture the swabs, Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium was used. HiCrome™ Candida Differential agar used to identify Candida isolated, then depending on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using confirmed polymerase chain reaction. Antifungal sensitivity was done for all C. albicans and non-albicans isolates using five common antifungal disks. Among of the 160 sample of pediatric patient 62 (38.8%) positive for Candida spp. which it is including 17 (27.4 %) and 26 (41.9%), 19 (30.6%) breast feeding, bottle feeding and mixing respectively. While within 50 samples of control group 13 (26%) were positive for Candida spp. which including 2 (15.4%), 9(69.2%), 2(15.4%) of same respectively feeding types. Regarding to the antifungal susceptibility the results showed that C. albicans had higher resistance rates against itraconazole, ketoconazole, and clotrimazole than the non-albicans Candida species However, highly resistant rate were detected in Itraconazole and Ketoconazole with 23.7% and 54.4% respectively, for all Candida species. The Current study concluded that oral candidiasis was more predominant in pediatric patients in compare to healthy pediatric also, and C. albicans is the most prevalent etiologic agent. However, higher rate of sensitivity were detected between Candida species for nystatin, which may suggest as the main treatment for oral Candida infections
Stress and Coping Among Elderly During The COVID-19 Pandemic in Sulaimanya City in Kurdistan Region of Iraq
No full textThis study aimed to find out the level of stress and coping methods among elderly in Sulaimanya city during the pandemic COVID-19. Through the snowballing sampling method, 394 elders were included to this study. After validation, two scales were used in this study; stress subscale from Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and a culture-bound scale for determining coping methods. The results of this study showed that participants experienced a mild level of stress. Male participants, elders who live with their family, unvaccinated elders, physically passive elders have had higher stress level than female, elderly home, vaccinated, physical active elders. The findings also indicated that spiritual connection was the most common coping method used by the sample. Results of this study are the first and foremost way to share elder's unexpressed messages; it also can be a way for verbalizing their unspoken feelings. These results may also inform the elder's caregivers that elder's stress level and illness anxiety was not very high, strengthening their social support and spiritual connection may help them to reduce their distress into a lesser degree
An Approach To Study The Effects of GBP/USD Exchange Rate and Gold Prices on Brent Oil Prices Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)
Get PDFAutoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) is possible when cointegration analysis is applied to experimentally to shape the relationship between the variables without considering the regressors are stationary at its first difference or level, there is an integration of order one or both of the variables are mixed. Being based on one equation framework is a benefit of using the ARDL model, in order to take sufficient lags’ number and directing process data generation process in a modelling framework that goes from general to specific. The aim of this study is to focus on the trend of the relation between the GBP/USD rate and Brent Oil prices, which is done through the adoption of dependent variable which the oil price and the independent variable which is the dollar exchange rate. Another target of the research is to show the relationship between gold price and oil prices. The result shows that there are a number of likely influenced variable through by which the dollar-pound rate has effects on the demand and supply of oil as a result of its prices. That is done through the analysis of the relations between the variables of the study. Moreover, correlation coefficient values are given that there exists a positive explanatory correlation between the variables of the study. On the whole, there exists a positive long-term equilibrium relation between the GBP/USD exchange rate, price of oil and price of gold. Any change in the exchange rate of GBP/USD is causing the changes in prices of Brent oil
Analysis of Amelogenin and Sex-determining Region on Y Chromosome Genes Obtained from Pulpal Tissue for Sex Estimation by using Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Get PDFIn forensic odontology, Amelogenin and Sex-Determining Region on Y chromosome genes are commonly used for sex identification. Nevertheless, the amplification of both of these genes encounters limitations in determining sex, primarily due to deletions observed in certain racial groups and the influence of genetic disorders on these genes. This research aims to assess the precision of simultaneously amplifying both genes using multiplex polymerase chain reaction on samples derived from teeth that have been subjected to various forensic conditions. In this study, a total of 70 teeth, comprising 35 males and 35 females, were utilized, and all samples underwent genetic analysis to determine sex following exposure to different forensic scenarios. The findings revealed that both the quantity and quality of genetic material were reduced when exposed to harsh environmental conditions. Notably, the amplification of the sex-determining region on the Y chromosome gene outperformed the amplification of Amelogenin and achieved a sex-determination accuracy rate of 100%. In conclusion, dental pulp serves as a valuable source of genetic material even after exposure to diverse environmental conditions, and it can effectively be used for sex estimation purposes
Bioaccumulation and Evaluation of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxicity and Combination Effects of Vitamin E and C with it on Exposed Male Rats
Get PDFIn the recent years, MgO nanoparticles (MgO NPs) have been one of the metal oxide nanoparticles that used in various medicinal fields. Despite MgO NPs' widespread use, a little is known regarding their cytotoxic effects on health. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic dose of MgO NPs that prepared by the sol-gel method and the roles of vitamins E and C in the toxicity that is produced by MgO NPs. The MgO NPs were characterized and several amounts (62.5, 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg BW) were orally administrated for 28 days to male Wister rats. Toxic dosimetry was evaluated using metal content analysis, hematological, biochemical, histopathological, and serum ROS estimation. Then toxic doses of MgO NPs were administered orally with vitamins E and C, or a combination of them for six weeks, twice a week. The result showed 500 mg/kg bw/day MgO NPs is considered as a toxic and leads to a significant Mg bioaccumulation in the liver (P < 0.001) and significantly increased serum ROS (P<0.001) and histopathological damage in the liver and kidney with an immunologic response. Administration of vitamin E with MgO NPs significantly increased serum ROS and adversely affected blood parameters and histological damage to the liver and kidney. The combination of vitamins E and C with MgO NPs significantly reduced the immunologic response to MgO NPs, but serum ROS levels increased significantly with histopathological damage in vital organs. Vitamin C significantly reduced MgO NPs-induced damage in kidney and liver tissues. In the conclusion, MgO NPs are toxic at high doses. Administration of vitamin E alone or combined vitamin E and C with toxic doses of MgO NPs increases their toxicity. However, vitamin C was shown to be histopathologically protective. Therefore, a serious caution should be considered when vitamins are administered with nanoparticles
Modelling and Simulation of Perturb and Observe MPPT Algorithm Based on The PI Controller for Photovoltaic System
Get PDFThe most popular type of renewable energy is photovoltaic (PV) because it is a sustainable source and environmentally friendly. The power generated by a PV system varies with changes in ambient conditions such as temperature and sun radiation; therefore, tracking the maximum power generation from a photovoltaic system independent of temperature and radiation factors is very important. In the literature, a number of techniques for achieving the maximum power point have been presented. In this work, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system employing perturb and observe (P&O) algorithm is implemented based on the Proportional and Integral (PI) controller on the proposed PV system to achieve the highest power production from photovoltaic (PV) system and enhance the system performance. The proposed PV system is composed of a Photovoltaic array, DC to DC boost type converter and an MPPT algorithm using perturb and observe method. 1Soltech 1STH-220-P module type was chosen in this study for the simulation and proposed PV The array consists of 40 rows of PV modules connected in parallel, while each row consists of 10 modules connected in a series. All elements of the PV system were simulated using MATLAB/Simulink. The proposed model is used to simulate and optimize the photovoltaic array output current, voltage and power features under various environmental conditions including solar temperature and radiation. The simulation results showed that maximum power point tracking approach using perturbation and observation provide high efficiency to get the highest energy from the PV system regardless of variations in environmental conditions. DC to DC boost converter with perfect performance and high voltage gain is also successfully simulated on the developed PV system.
 
Epilepsy and Child History in Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital Sulaymaniyah /Iraq
Get PDFEpilepsy is a chronic neurological illness that is the most prevalent severe brain problem worldwide .The purpose of this research is to determine the importance of certain risk variables for epilepsy in children in Sulaimani City, such as age, gender, head trauma, nervous system infectious diseases including meningitis and unusual perinatal history, low birth weight, neonate respiratory failure, neonatal seizure, socioeconomic status, as well as parent consanguinity. This research was created based on 104 cases (where 51 of the patients were male, while 53 of the patients were female) among the inpatient and outpatient neurology unit of Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric teaching Hospital from 20/12/2020 to 29/4/2021 . In this research, all the children were evaluated, as well as their medical & personal information were collected .A relation between the phenomenon of epilepsy with numerous risk factors were made; the ratio was calculated to determine the essential variables linked with epilepsy. Data was collected through interviewing of the patients then analyzed through the application statistical analysis descriptive. Results: age, head trauma, gender, febrile, positive family history for epilepsy, unusual perinatal history, and neonatal infection has been shown to have a statistically significant link to epilepsy. Conclusion: The majority of the samples was aged between six to ten while most of them were the middle child of their families. The results of survey also showed that most of the children were diagnosed between ages one to five while most of the samples have a generalized seizure. On the other hand, there was a statistical significant association between febrile convulsion and family history of epilepsy depending.
Recommendation: Health staff (maternity staff) should not be excessively forced to pull the child's delivery. Informing the child's parents about the disease so that they do not become worried about any neurological disorders, our recommendation for staff working neurology field neurologist when such child enter the hospital immediately and quickly and get the necessary treatment
Implication of diabetes mellitus in telomere length and alteration in some age related cell senescence markers of aged men in Kurdistan region-Iraq
Get PDFIndications of cell maturing including telomere length and mitochondrial work, just as oxidative pressure and incendiary markers affect one another and structure a complicated organization, which all influenced in age related sicknesses, for example, diabetes mellitus. For this cause, this current investigation was designed to study and compare of some oxidative and molecular markers in healthy aged and diabetic aged men older adults. The study design was the setting of a medium private laboratory with participants being common people, which was classified into three groups according to age and health complication, control young, healthy aged, and diabetic aged groups. Blood sera was obtained for oxidative status including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and malondialdehyde (MDA)) and molecular markers (including telomere length (T/S) and mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA)). The findings highlighted that oxidative and molecular markers have significant changes with ageing and high changes significantly associated with diabetes mellitus of aged group. In conclusion, various oxidative stress, cell and mitochondrial biomarkers have been affected by normal ageing and the effects of ageing were complicated significantly in diabetic aged elderly.
 
Improving Shared Space to Reduce Traffic Risk: Analytic Study of Mawlawi Street in Sulaimani, Iraq: Improving shared space to reduce traffic risk
No full textWithin the field of traffic street design, the shared space approach points to create streets from simple traffic frameworks to public spaces, compelling higher interaction between street clients. In this paper we create the essentials for a micro-simulation tool based on the Social force model, to illustrates the movement of street clients in such formats. Working with the observed behavior of clients in a pedestrian-friendly crossing point within the city of Sulaimani a multi-layer organized models is created, in which each layer is assigned to handle different circumstances, from free-flow developments to client intuitive in crowded circumstances. Visibility pie charts and figures estimations are used for planning directions of street clients for the free flow movemen