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Evaluation of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages
No full textQuantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (qNMR) spectroscopy was evaluated for the determination of ethanol content in alcoholic beverages, with an emphasis on cream-based beverages. Analysis of cream-based beverages is time-consuming and inefficient using conventional methods, therefore qNMR was investigated for its potential as a rapid, cost-effective alternative. Three calibration strategies were compared for interpreting the quantitative results: external calibration, the internal standard method, and an internal reference method. A wide variety of commercially available beverages were tested. The results obtained by qNMR were compared with those obtained by standard methods (distillation and oxidation with dichromate for cream-based liqueurs and density for other samples) The internal reference method yielded a recovery range of 87.0 – 119%. The relative standard deviation 4.6% for ethanol concentration in the cream-based liqueurs was 4.6%. Therefore, it was concluded that the internal reference method was the most accurate and precise and shows promise of being utilized in beverage laboratories for the determination of ethanol
Novel synthesis of cyclic tertiary enamides from 2-acetylbenzoic acid
No full textCyclic tertiary-enamides act as nucleophiles in reactions. This makes tertiary-enamides important in many organic syntheses, especially for compounds with any nitrogen containing functional groups. There is evidence of previous methods to synthesize cyclic tertiary-enamides; however, it is ideal to do so in a manner that is quick and cost-effective.
The purpose of this research is to develop a procedure to synthesize cyclic-tertiary enamides that is simple and efficient. The focus of this research is a method to synthesize cyclic tertiary-enamides from 2-acetylbenzoic acid and aniline in the presence of 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride. By varying substituents on aniline, analogues of 3-methylene-2-arylisoindolin-1-ones, a type of cyclic tertiary-enamide, can be formed as a result. Eight different analogues were synthesized by this method. Each product was characterized using 1H and 13C{1H} NMR spectroscopy and HRMS data
The effects of gender identity bias on perceptions of gendered leadership styles
No full textThe current study examines the effect of gender identity (i.e., cis gender and transgender males/females) on the perceptions of gendered leadership styles (i.e., masculine versus feminine) as well as the likelihood of advancement, performance, reward recommendations, and leadership potential. Participants included 179 students who were randomly assigned to one of eight vignettes portraying a hypothetical upper-level manager's yearly performance review. Each condition differed in gender identity (cisgender/transgender), sex (male/female) and leadership style (masculine/feminine). The hypotheses state, females (cisgender and transgender) will be seen as more feminine (communal) in their leadership style whereas men (cisgender and transgender) will be seen as more masculine (agentic) in their leadership style. It was also hypothesized that cisgender and transgender females receive backlash when displaying feminine leadership styles whereas men will be viewed as favorable when displaying masculine or feminine leadership styles. Multiple One-way ANOVAs were conducted in addition to Pearson's correlations. The results were mixed with hypotheses one and two supported, and hypothesis three and four not supported
Role of cannabidiol (CBD) in mitigating tissue damage and promoting healing after traumatic brain injury in zebrafish: a pilot study
No full textZebrafish (Danio rerio) are a model organism that can be used to study the effects of exogenous cannabinoids on traumatic brain injury due to their well-developed central nervous system that includes brain structures analogous to mammalian neural anatomy. The objective of the present investigation was to study the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) treatment on attenuating brain inflammation and promoting regeneration following traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI was introduced by inserting a needle through the left nostril into the left telencephalic vesicle of anesthetized, adult zebrafish. Zebrafish were then treated with either conditioned water (half system water from the animal care facility and half geothermal water), DMSO, or CBD for one hour post injury. Treatment with CBD increased the number of PCNA immuno-positive cells and decreased the number of L-Plastin immuno-positive cells in the damaged hemisphere compared with the intact control hemisphere. This suggests that CBD suppresses inflammation and promotes neurogenesis following brain injury in zebrafish, which identifies CBD as a potential therapeutic for neuroinflammation in humans recovering from a brain injury or suffering from a neurodegenerative disease such as Alzheimer's
Characterizing and comparing non-target species from lobster trawls in Nova Scotian lobster fishing areas 27, 33, and 34
No full textThe unmanaged catch of non-target species in a fishery, typically referred to as by-catch, threatens the stability of fisheries and aquatic ecosystems worldwide. In Canada, >8.1% of all commercial catch by weight is by-catch. By-catch from Canada's crab and American Lobster Homarus americanus fisheries, the latter being the most lucrative fishery nationwide, account for >2.5% of all Canadian catch by weight. Fisheries and Oceans Canada has recently introduced a by-catch monitoring program to some Lobster Fishing Areas (LFAs) to begin quantifying impacts on by-catch species, with a focus on several species of interest: Atlantic Cod Gadus morhua, Cusk Brosme brosme, Jonah Crab Cancer borealis, and Rock Crab Cancer irroratus. This study collaborated with Brazil Rock Lobster Association and Cape Breton Fish Harvester's Association to characterize and compare by-catch from LFAs 27, 33, and 34. Metrics such as species richness and diversity, catch-per-unit-effort, and sizes for the species of interest and some others were calculated. Overall, 38 by-catch species (or taxa) were observed. Richness was highest in LFA 27, lower in LFA 33, and significantly lower in LFA 34. Diversity was similar between LFAs 27 and 33, but lower in 34. Catch-per-unit-effort was significantly lower in LFA 27 than in 33 and 34. Cunner Tautogolabrus adspersus were the most frequent by-catch species in LFA 27, while Jonah Crab were dominant in LFAs 33 and 34. Next steps with these data could include using biotic and abiotic variables to model distribution and abundance for Atlantic Cod, Cusk, Rock Crab, and Jonah Crab. Results from LFAs 33 and 34 were preliminary, so as more data are collected for these LFAs more precise inferences can be made regarding by-catch frequency and spatiotemporal distributions. Furthermore, with more data, metrics such as richness and diversity will likely estimate the true state of the fishery more accurately
The legitimate value and use of rhetoric in preaching the resurrection: an analytic study of the Easter Sermons (2010-2019) of the Reverend Dr. Andrew Stirling
No full textoai:scholar.acadiau.ca:node-1411This thesis argues that rhetoric has legitimate value and use in the preaching of the resurrection. It begins by advancing the biblical and theological case for the homiletical validity of rhetoric and then moves from the general claim about the legitimate value of rhetoric in preaching the resurrection to a particular focus on the use of ethos, pathos, and logos in such preaching. This discussion is then followed by an analysis of ten Easter sermons by one contemporary, prominent Canadian preacher, The Reverend Dr. Andrew Stirling. The findings demonstrate the way in which ethos, pathos, and logos, and indeed reverse-ēthos, can be used in practice as a servant of divine truth. The thesis concludes that there is legitimate value and use of rhetoric in preaching, and therefore, that it is appropriate for preachers to use persuasive speech in proclaiming the truth of the resurrection. Some implications of this research for the reading and interpretation of Scripture, preaching the resurrection, the teaching and learning of preaching, and the practice of preaching are discussed, along with areas for possible future research, in the final chapter
Extent and timing of deformation and metamorphism associated with the Eastern Highlands Shear Zone, Central Cape Breton Highlands, Nova Scotia
No full textThe Aspy and Bras d'Or terranes of northern Cape Breton Island are both part of Ganderia but contrast in rock types, ages, and magmatic, metamorphic, and tectonic history. The two terranes were juxtaposed along the Eastern Highlands shear zone (EHSZ). The purpose of this study is to determine the extent and timing of deformation and metamorphism in the rocks within and adjacent to the EHSZ in the central Cape Breton Highlands where its location and history are poorly constrained. The main units in the study area are the Ordovician to Silurian Calumruadh Brook Formation (CBF) and Middle River metamorphic suite (MRMS) in the Aspy terrane, and the Neoproterozoic McMillan Flowage Formation (MFF) and Kathy Road dioritic suite (KRDS) in the Bras d'Or terrane. Evidence was observed in the study area for three deformational events, two of which are interpreted to have been related to the EHSZ. D1 of the EHSZ is sinistral transpressional, and D2 is dextral transpressional with an oblique component. Contrasting pressure and temperature conditions of the MRMS (543-617 ̊C at 3.4-4.9 kbar) and the CBF (517-569 ̊C at 3.1-3.4 kbar) indicate that the boundary between the two units is a faulted contact within the Coinneach Brook shear zone which merges with the EHSZ in the south of the study area. A new age indicates that metamorphism occurred at ca. 395 Ma in the MRMS. The metamorphic minerals in the rocks affected by the movement on the EHSZ are limited to chlorite, overprinting pre-existing amphibolite-facies metamorphism in the western margin of the MFF and upper greenschist facies metamorphism in the CBF. Data from this study indicate that the EHSZ affected rocks up to 3 km away on either side of the Aspy-Bras d'Or terrane boundary and comprises a ca. 1 km wide mylonite zone. Activity on the shear zone in this area occurred between ca. 424-374 Ma.</p
"We must no longer be quiet, modest ladies": exploring professional development and personal empowerment within the Acadia Home Economics Department
No full textEstablished in 1926, the Acadia Home Economics Club (A.H.E.C.) was an extra-curricular extension of the Acadia School of Home Economics until the discontinuance of Home Economics at the university. From the mid-1960s to the late 1980s, the A.H.E.C. maintained a consistent membership body and demonstrated a commitment to community involvement. Over the course of its existence, the A.H.E.C. regularly facilitated educational and social activities for its members.
This archival thesis project included the processing of the Acadia Home Economics Club fonds and the creation of an accompanying finding aid. The items within the Acadia Home Economics Club fonds had not been processed prior, and thus the organization of documents and creation of files was necessary. The items within the Acadia Home Economics Club fonds have been described within the finding aid and filed according to their original order.
The formal paper examines how the Acadia School of Home Economics, in partnership with the A.H.E.C., facilitated the personal and professional growth of its students and subverted social expectations. From the mid 1960s to the early 1980s, members of the A.H.E.C. participated in annual student conferences, attended extra-curricular educational sessions, and engaged in social activities aimed at the development of camaraderie. Through these events, Home Economics students were able to develop and assert personal agency both during and after their educational career. The documents related to the annual Association of Canadian Home Economics Students conferences highlight the emphasis placed on the personal and professional development of Home Economics students by both post-secondary institutions and the students
themselves. Home Economics was, and continues to be, a valuable vessel for women's empowerment
An experimental and computational investigation of the acetone keto-enol tautomerism with acid catalysts
No full textOrganic compounds with an a-hydrogen can form enols that are structural isomers or tautomers of the carbonyls. Enols are nucleophilic and reactive. Reactions with enols are important in organic synthesis as carbon-carbon bonds can form larger molecules from smaller ones. This work considered the keto-enol tautomerism of acetone to prop-1-en-2-ol. The adol addition intermediate was diacetone alcohol and the products of condensation were mesityl oxide and water. The gas-phase keto-enol tautomerism was studied using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and theoretically with the Gaussian-16 program suite.
Theoretical results indicate the enthalpy change of acetone tautomerization is 49.9 kJ mol-1 and the Gibbs energy change is 43.9 kJ mol-1. For the overall reaction from the tautomerization step to condensation, the enthalpy change is 39.8 kJ mol-1 and the overall change of Gibbs energy is 27.3 kJ mol-1. Acid catalysts reduce the energy barrier associated with keto-enol tautomerism. The activation energies of transition states with catalysts (acetic acid, water and sulfuric acid) were compared to the energy of the transition state without a catalyst. The transition state for the sulfuric acid catalyst gives the lowest activation energy barrier, 230.0 kJ mol-1 , which is 40.0 kJ mol-1 lower than the transition state for the uncatalyzed tautomerization. The computational work supports the continued use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst.
In the lab, numerous experiments were conducted with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry at different temperatures and catalysts. Slight reductions in acetone peak area over a 3-h period were observed at 120°C with a sulfuric acid catalyst, supporting continued work with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with automated injections. Experiments with other catalysts did not show noticeable changes in acetone concentration over time. Quantitation methods will be developed to determine chemical kinetics in the future
Coverage in crisis: an analysis of media framing during the October Crisis
No full textUsing a methodology derived from contemporary techniques of framing analysis, this thesis investigates the following research questions: first, did French and English newspapers use different methods of framing in their coverage of the October Crisis?; second, can differences in framing strategies be better understood through the lens of geographic location?; and third, how do varying ownership types factor into the differences in methods of framing that were used? The hypothesis that French and English newspapers will differ in their coverage of the Crisis underpins these questions. The results of this project are consequently threefold in nature: first, it finds that there are significant differences in coverage between French and English newspapers; second, it finds that geographic location is a significant explanatory factor that should be considered alongside language; and third, this project concludes that, while ownership is a factor of interest and potential significance, the limitations on this thesis prevent it from being rigorously assessed